Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March, 1905 - 2 February, 1998) was a British and American psychologist who theorized the existence of fluid and crystallized intelligences to explain human cognitive ability. He was famously productive throughout his 92 years, and ultimately was able to claim a combined authorship and co-authorship of 55 books and some 500 journal articles in addition to at least 30 standardized tests. His legacy includes not just that intellectual production, but also a spirit of scientific rigor brought to an otherwise soft science and kept burning by his students and co-researchers whom he was survived by.

In keeping with his devotion to rigorous scientific method, Cattell was an early proponent of the application in psychology of factor analytical methods, in place of what he called mere "verbal theorizing." One of the most important results of Cattell's application of factor analysis was the derivation of 16 factors underlying human personality. He called these 16 factors source traits because he believed that they provide the underlying source for the surface behaviors that we think of as personality. ("Psychology and Life, 7 ed." by Richard Gerrig and Philip Zimbardo.) This theory of 16 personality factors and the instruments used to measure them are known collectively as the 16 Personality Factors.

List of Cattell's innovations and accomplishments

• Definition of the three domains of the personality sphere (the totality of factorial measurements of the personality, ability, and motivation)
• Fluid and crystallized intelligence
• State and trait measurement of personality
• The Scree Test (using the curve of latent roots to judge the number of factors)
• The Procrustes factor analysis rotation program (for testing a hypothesized factor structure)
• The coefficient of profile similarity (taking account of shape, scatter, and level of two score profiles)
• The Dynamic Calculus (for assessing interests and motivation)
• P-technique factor analysis (for an occasion-by-variable matrix)
• The Taxonome program (for ascertaining the number and contents of clusters in a data set)
• The Basic Data Relations Box (the dimensions of experimental designs)
• Sampling of variables, as opposed to or in conjunction with sampling of persons
• Group syntality construct (the "personality" of a group)
• The factoring or repeated measures on single individuals to study fluctuating personality states
• Multiple Abstract Variance Analysis (with "specification equations" embodying genetic and environmental variables and their interactions)
• The founding of the Society for Multivariate Experimental Psychology and the journal Multivariate Behavioral Research

Political criticism and the APA Lifetime Achievement Award

Cattell has been criticized on the basis of his interests in eugenics, evolution and alternative cultures and political systems. Political critics also note that Cattell is known for laying out a mixture of Galtonian eugenics and theology called Beyondism, which he considered "a new morality from science," and that his work in this area was published numerous times in the Pioneer Fund's Mankind Quarterly and its editor, Roger Pearson, has published two of Cattell's monographs.

In 1997, Cattell, at 92, was chosen by the American Psychological Association (APA) for its "Gold Medal Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Science of Psychology." However before the medal was presented, a former student at the University of Illinois, Barry Mehler, launched a publicity campaign against Cattell through his nonprofit foundation ISAR accusing Cattell of being sympathetic to racist and fascist ideas ^* He refused the award, withdrawing his name from consideration. The blue ribbon committee was therefore disbanded and Cattell, in failing health, died months later.

Notes

Selected publications

• Cattell, R.B., (1933). Psychology and social progress: Mankind and destiny from the standpoint of a scientist. London: C. W. Daniel.
• Cattell, R. B. (1937). The fight for our national intelligence. London: P. S. King.
• Cattell, R. B. (1965). The scientific analysis of personality. Harmondsworth (England): Penguin Books.
• Cattell, R. B. (1972). A new morality from science: Beyondism. New York: Pergamon Press.
• Cattell, R. B. (1987). Beyondism: Religion from science. New York: Praeger.

Political publications mentioning Cattell

• Tucker, W. H. (1994). "The science and politics of racial research". Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
• MacDonald, Marvin J. "Psychology, Eugenics and the Case of Raymond B. Cattell". History and Philosophy of Psychology Bulletin (Volume 10 number 2, 1998) A special issue of the journal reviewed the Cattell controversy.

Comprehensive list of Cattell's books

Comprehensive list of Cattell's journal articles

External links

• A Memorial to Raymond Bernard Cattell
• Human Intelligence: Raymond B. Cattell
• The Psi Cafe: Raymond Cattell
• John Gillis's official biography of Raymond B. Cattell
• A Concise Beyondist Catechism
• Interview With Raymond B. Cattell] from The Eugenics Bulletin, Spring-Summer 1984.
• Raymond B. Cattell and The Fourth Inquisition

1905 births | 1998 deaths | American psychologists | British psychologists

Raymond Bernard Cattell | Raymond Bernard Cattell | Raymond B. Cattell | レイモンド・キャッテル | Кеттел, Рэймонд