While no longer a profession in developed countries there are still rat-catchers in India and other developing countries.
Keeping the rat population under control was practiced in Europe to prevent the spread of diseases to man, most notoriously the Black Plague and to prevent damage to food supplies.
It is said that some rat-catchers in Europe would raise rats instead of catching them in order to get more money from the towns. This, and the practice of rat-fights, could have led to rat-breeding and the adoption of the rat as a pet - the fancy rat.
A famous rat-catcher from Victorian England was Jack Black. A famous fictional rat-catcher was The Pied Piper of Hamelin.
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"Rat-catcher".
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