Rape culture is a term used to denote a culture in which rape and other sexual violence is common and in which prevalent attitudes, norms, practices, and media condone, normalize, excuse, or encourage rape or other violence against women. Within the paradigm, acts of "harmless" sexism are commonly employed to validate and rationalize normative misogynistic practices; for instance, sexist jokes may be told to foster disrespect for women and an accompanying disregard for their well-being, which ultimately make their rape and abuse seem acceptable.

The term is widely used within women's studies and feminism. In a 1992 paper in the Journal of Social Issues entitled "A Feminist Redefinition of Rape and Sexual Assault: Historical Foundations and Change," Patricia Donat and John D'Emilio suggested that the term originated as "rape-supportive culture" in Susan Brownmiller's 1975 book Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape.

Rape culture has been described as detrimental to men in addition to women. Some writers and speakers, such as Jackson Katz and Don McPherson, have said that it is intrinsically linked to gender roles that limit male self-expression and cause psychological harm to men. It has also been linked to homophobia. For instance, Andrea Dworkin, in her 1983 "Twenty-Four Hour Truce" speech, said, "If you want to do something about homophobia, you are going to have to do something about the fact that men rape, and that forced sex is not incidental to male sexuality but is in practice paradigmatic."

Examples of behaviors that typify rape culture include victim blaming, trivializing prison rape.

Criticisms of the Paradigm

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The conceptualization of rape culture has been criticized by various writers for various reasons. Some, such as Christina Hoff Sommers, have attempted to disprove the existence of rape culture, arguing that rape is overreported and overemphasized. Others, such as bell hooks, have criticized the rape culture paradigm on the grounds that it ignores rape's place in an overarching "culture of violence". These critics say that singling out rape and its social underpinnings from other forms of violence makes efforts to combat rape less effective and neglects or trivializes other forms of violence.

Resources and References

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• Rape Culture - an overview by Students Stopping Rape at UCSB
• Transforming a Rape Culture, ISBN 1561312692 by Emilie Buchwald, Pamela R. Fletcher, and Martha Roth

Sociology | Feminist theory

Cultura dello stupro