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This is a list of Transylvanian rulers
Before the Battle of Mohacs, Transylvania was a largely autonomous voivodate inside the Kingdom of Hungary. The battle lead to the dissolution of the Hungarian Kingdom. Transylvania acquired some more territories from Hungary proper and became a Principality under Ottoman suzerainty. The last voivode became the first prince.
| Affiliation | Ruler | Reigns of rulers | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zápolya | John Zápolya (Zápolya János) | 1526–1540 | Leader of groups of Hungarian nobles claiming no foreign ruler should be chosen King of Hungary. Claimed the throne with support of Hungarian nobles, and later the Ottoman Sultan. Ottoman invasion. (Zápolya is alternatively spelled as Szapolyai.) |
| Zápolya | Isabella Jagiełło (Izabella) | 1540–1559 | After the death of her husband John Zapolya the territories were mainly controlled by nobles (with the lead of Fráter György), until the nobles recalled her with her child (John II Zapolya) as Queen. |
| Zápolya | John II Sigismund Zápolya (János Zsigmond) | 1540-1571 | Son of precedents. King of Hungary and Prince of Transylvania (Erdély). |
| Hungary was effectively split into 3 parts: a Habsburg domain in the north and west, Ottoman domain in the center, and the Ottoman satellite Transylvania in the east after 1562. | |||
| Báthory | Stephen Báthory (Báthory István) | 1571–1575 | Prince of Transylvania and King of Poland |
| Báthory | Christopher Báthory (Báthory Kristóf) | 1575-1581 | Prince of Transylvania and brother of precedent |
| Báthory | Sigismund Báthory (Báthory Zsigmond) | 1581–1597, August 1598 – March 1599, 1599–1602 | Prince of Transylvania and son of precedent. Abdicated three times, twice (1597, 1602), in favor of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II and once (1599) of his cousin Andrew Cardinal Báthory. |
| Báthory | Andrew Cardinal Báthory (Báthory András) | 1599 | Prince of Transylvania and first cousin of the precedent |
| non-dynastic | Michael of Wallachia (Mihai Viteazul) | 1599–1601 | Prince of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania |
| non dynastic | Stephen Bocskai (Bocskai István) | 1604–1606 | Governor(1604) and Prince (1605) of Transylvania |
| Rákóczi | Sigismund Rákóczi (Rákóczi Zsigmond) | 1607–1608 | elected Prince of Transylvania |
| Báthory | Gabriel Báthory (Báthory Gábor) | 1608–1613 | Prince of Transylvania and nephew of Andrew Cardinal Báthory |
| non dynastic | Gabriel Bethlen (Bethlen Gábor) | 1613–1629 | Prince of Transylvania |
| non dynastic | Catherine | 1629–1630 | |
| Rákóczi | George I Rákóczi (I. Rákóczi György) | 1630–1648 | elected Prince of Transylvania |
| Rákóczi | George II Rákóczi (II. Rákóczi György) | 1648–1660 | Prince of Transylvania (with intermissions) |
| Rákóczi | George II Rákóczi (II. Rákóczi György) | 1648–1657 | Prince of Transylvania (with intermissions) |
| Aba | Francis Rhédey (Rhédey Ferenc) | 1657–1658 | |
| non dynastic | Ákos Barcsay | 1658–1660 | |
| non dynastic | John Kemény (Kemény János) | 1661–1662 | |
| Apafi | Michael I Apafi (I. Apafi Mihály) | 1661–1690 | |
| Apafi | Michael II Apafi (II. Apafi Mihály) | 1690–1701 | |
| non dynastic | Emeric Thököly (or Tökölli) | 1690–1699 | against Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I |
| Rákóczi | Francis II Rákóczi (II. Rákóczi Ferenc) | leader of liberation movement (1703–1711), elected Prince of Transylvania and Ruling Prince of Hungary | |
| Transylvania was part of the Habsburg Monarchy (1699–1804) and of the Austrian Empire (1804–1867) under the name "Great Principality of Transylvania". | |||
| Habsburg | Leopold I (Leopoldus Primus) | 1691–1705 | Prince of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Charles VI (Carolus) | 1711–1740 | Prince of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Maria Theresia (Maria Theresia) | 1740–1765 | Princess of Transylvania. After 1765 Great Princess of Transylvania. |
| Habsburg | Maria Theresia (Maria Theresia) | 1765–1780 | Great Princess of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Joseph II (Josephus) | 1780–1790 | Great Prince of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Leopold II (Leopoldus Secundus) | 1790–1792 | Great Prince of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Francis II (Franciscus Secundus) | 1792–1835 | Great Prince of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand I (Ferdinandus) | 1835–1848 | Great Prince of Transylvania |
| Habsburg | Franz Joseph I (Franciscus Josephus) | 1848–1867 | Great Prince of Transylvania |
Transylvania | History of Hungary | History of Romania | Lists of office-holders | Hungary-related lists | Romania-related lists
Erdélyi fejedelmek listája | Władcy Siedmiogrodu | Listă de voievozi ai Transilvaniei | Luettelo Transilvanian ruhtinaista
"List of Transylvanian rulers"