The Pontic steppe refers to the steppelands to the north of the Black Sea and on its eastern side as far as the Caspian Sea, from the central Ukraine across the Southern and Volga Federal Districts of Russia to western Kazakhstan. The area corresponds to Scythia and Sarmatia of Classical Antiquity.

Prehistoric cultures

• Sredny Stog culture 4500-3500 BC
• Yamna/Kurgan culture 3500-2300 BC
• Catacomb culture 3000-2200 BC
• Srubna culture 1600-1200 BC
• Novocherkassk culture 900-650 BC

Historical nations

• Cimmerians 8th-7th c. BC
• Scythians 8th-4th c. BC
• Sarmatians 5th c. BC to 5th c. AD
• Goths 3rd-6th c.
• Bulgars 3rd-6th c.
• Huns 4th-8th c.
• Alans 5th-11th c. AD
• Eurasian Avars 6th-8th c.
• Gokturks 6th-8th c.
• Onogurs 8th c.
• Sabirs 6th-8th c.
• Khazars 6th-11th c.
• Pechenegs 8th-11th c.
• Kipchaks and Cumans 11th-13th c.
• Golden Horde 13th-15th c.
• Cossacks 14th-18th c.
• Girai Khanate, Volga Tatars, Crimean Tatars and other Tatar states and tribes 15th-18th c.
• Russian Empire 18th-20th c.
• Soviet Union 20th c.
• Russian Federation, Ukraine 20th c.-present

See also

• Kurgan hypothesis
• Ukrainian stone stela
• Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

External links

• Pontic steppe (World Wildlife Fund)
• google maps

Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands | Palearctic | Eurasian nomads | Regions of Ukraine | Geography of Russia

東歐大草原