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The Pioneer Valley is the demographic designation for the part geographical region known as the Connecticut River Valley located in Western Massachusetts.
Geography
The Pioneer Valley covers approximately the second lowest quarter of the Connecticut River Valley, a river valley formed by tectonic plate subduction millions of years ago and filled in by Lake Hitchcock and the Connecticut River over thousands of years ago.
Today the most geographically interesting parts of the valley are the basalt flows, South Hadley dinosaur tracks, the layers of rock deposit laid down by the river, and the Lake Hitchcock varves and deltas.
Demographics
The Valley and the neighboring Hill Towns consist of three counties in the Connecticut River valley of Western Massachusetts:
Franklin County
The rural Franklin County, a land full of orchards, fields, barns, farmhouses, churches, and small shops in the once common, now vanishing stereotypical New England lifestyle.Hampshire County
Hampshire County is a fairly affluent area with a large amount of small town spirit, and several colleges.Of major importance is education: the county is home to four colleges and the University of Massachusetts which have an affiliation called The Five Colleges.
Hampden County
The mostly urban Hampden County is dominated by the river city metropolis of Springfield-West Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee.Other towns include Agawam, Longmeadow, East Longmeadow, Southwick, Wilbraham, and Ludlow.
Cities in the Pioneer Valley include:
- Springfield, Massachusetts
- Chicopee, Massachusetts
- Holyoke, Massachusetts
- Northampton, Massachusetts
- Amherst, Massachusetts
- Greenfield, Massachusetts
- Westfield, Massachusetts
Ethnicity
The racial diversity varies greatly throughout the region as you move from urban areas to rural ones. Although predominantly European-American, the region is rapidly growing in non-European diversity, particularly in its Latino population. Among the European-American community, the population reflects the English background of the original settlers and the immigrant population of the late-1800s, with large numbers of individuals with backgrounds of Irish, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, French Canadian, and Greek ancestry. The Latino community reflects a large Puerto Rican community. Amherst is home to the largest number of Asian-Americans, including South and East Asians.
Education
Education is very important in the Pioneer Valley. The most well-known are the Five Colleges:
Other four-year colleges include Westfield State College, Springfield College, Western New England College, Bay Path College, Elms College and American International College.
Community colleges in the area include Holyoke Community College, Springfield Technical Community College, and Greenfield Community College.
Culture
The Pioneer Valley is sometimes known to its inhabitants as "the Happy Valley", but more often this is used as a gimmick for tourists, and the residents usually refer to it simply as "the Valley". It is the "valley full o' Pioneer" in "the sleepy west of the woody east" of which the Pixies sang in the song "UMass."
Bookstores
Valley residents love reading. Housing an independent bookstore in almost every town, several small publishers, and countless local authors, the Valley could well be counted as a reader's paradise. Amherst has at least four bookstores, South Hadley at least one (The Odyssey Bookshop), and Northampton at least four, with many independent bookstores covering two floors.Art
Valley residents also have a love of arts, both visual and performing, as demonstrated by numerous art galleries, countless theaters and performances, the residencies of both Dr. Seuss and Eric Carle in the valley, the visual Dr. Seuss Memorial in Springfield, and the Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art.Gaming
The Pioneer Valley is home to a number of locally owned gaming stores, including one in Greenfield, one in Sunderland, two in Northampton, and one in Springfield, each with slightly different specializations. There are active gaming and science fiction clubs at most of the colleges in the area, many of which welcome non-students. These college clubs also hold several annual gaming conventions, the most notable of which are OurCon at UMass and ConBust at Smith College.Economy
The Pioneer Valley has a broadly varied economic base.
Franklin County
Franklin County in the north serves as a significant agricultural region despite its size, due to the rich topsoil found in the area. The valley's sweet corn and asparagus are considered, especially among New Englanders to be some of the world's finest. Cow Corn, potatoes, and shade-grown tobacco are also major crops. Fields of all sort, particularly corn and tobacco fields, as well as numerous farmhouses and tobacco barns dot the landscape.Greenfield is the largest city in the county.
The Hallmark Institute of Photography is located in Turners Falls.
Two major corporations, Channing Bete and Yankee Candle, are headquartered in South Deerfield and Greenfield. Both corporations are currently wracked by fights as to whether to allow the proliferation of big box stores such as Wal-Mart. Greenfield received national attention when it decided to prevent Wal-Mart from opening up a store in town.
The country also garners tourism due to such attractions as a Butterfly Garden located in South Deerfield, and Historic Deerfield.
Hampshire County
With the Five Colleges, Hampshire County has a thriving industry catering to college students, including numerous independent bookstores and stationery shops.The area is also home to many restaurants, ranging in class from sports bars to steakhouses. Northampton (also known to some as Hamp and others as NoHo) is the culinary capital of Western Massachusetts as well as having a reputation as a lesbian Mecca. The practice of adding candy, crushed cookies, and nuts to ice cream was invented by Steve Herrell, proprietor of Herrell's ice cream parlor in Northampton.
With the exception of a few supermarkets, almost all of the big-box retailers in Hampshire County are located in the town of Hadley with the rest of the region being a land of "mom and pop" stores and a spattering chain convenience stores.
Hampden County
With most of the large cities in Western Massachusetts, Hampden County generally has a more commercial-industrial economy than anywhere else in the region, a land of big-box retailers and heavy industry.Tourism is also popular, particularly from the rest of New England, due to the historic museum, observatory and fine dining in Springfield, and the theaters and frequent attractions such as The Big E, and Six Flags New England, an amusement park in Agawam. Holyoke, Chicopee, and Springfield are also popular destinations for shopping.
Outlying towns such as Tolland are sparsely populated and close enough to the Berkshires that outdoor activities such as camping make up a large part of their economy.
Ecology
Ecology is a big part of the Valley, with numerous private nature sanctuaries, parks and forests. One notable park is Mount Tom State Park which, joined with lands held by the Massachusetts Audubon Society, forms a long corridor of wildlife stretching across the Connecticut River.
External links
"Pioneer Valley"