Participant evolution is a process of deliberately redesigning the human body and brain using technological means, with the goal of removing "biological limitations". The idea of participant evolution was first put forward by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline in the 1960s in their article Cyborgs and Space, where they argued that the human race was already on a path of participant evolution. Science fiction writers have speculated what the next stage of such participant evolution will be.

Whilst Clynes and Kline saw participant evolution as the process of creating cyborgs, the idea has been adapted by transhumanists and propounded by them as the process of creating what they propose to be the evolutionary successors to humans, transhumans, by means of neurotechnology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology.

A close concept is biological uplifting, which is voluntary augmentation of animals (or vegetal, or, in the case of stellar uplift, even mineral).

See also

• Posthuman
• Posthuman God
• Procreative beneficence
• Transhuman
• (Stellar) Uplift
• Eugenics

References

• which in turn cites an interview with Manfred E. Clynes in
  • pages 29-34, which in turn cites