Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head & neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Practitioners are called otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, or sometimes otorhinolaryngologists (ORL). A somewhat outdated, but nevertheless commonly used, term for this speciality is ENT (ear, nose and throat).

Explanation

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Otolaryngologists are medical doctors who complete at least five years of surgical residency training (one year in general surgery, four years in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery). Following residency training, some otolaryngologists elect to complete advanced subspeciality fellowships which are usually one or two years in duration. As with all medical fellowships, acceptance is highly competitive.

Subspecialties

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| Facial cosmetics | Ear | Middle and inner ear | Sinusitis | Voice therapy | VeloPalatine-Insufficiency

| Maxillofacial | Hearing | Temporal bone | Allergy | Phono-surgery | Cleft Lip and Palate

| Trauma | | Skull base | Anterior skull base | | Airway

| | | Dizziness | Apnea and snoring | | Vascular Malformations

| | | | | | Cochlear Implant/BAHA

Head and Neck	Facial plastics	Otology	Neuro-otology	Rhinosinusology	Laryngology	Pediatrics
Surgical oncology
Reconstruction
Endocrine surgery

Topics in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

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General Otolaryngology

• Deviated septum
• Laryngitis - inflammation of larynx and vocal cords producing hoarsness
• Parotitis
• Pharyngitis - inflammation of the pharynx producing symptoms more or less similar to tonsilitis
• Snoring and sleep apnea
• Tonsillitis - inflammation of tonsils producing pain, odynophagia(painful swallowing), fever etc

Head and Neck/Reconstructive Surgery

• Head and neck cancer
  • Oncology
    • Chemotherapy
      • Chemotherapy regimens
    • Radiation therapy
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Thyroid cancer

Otology/Neuro-Otology

• Dizziness
  • BPPV - Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
  • labyrinthitis/vestibular neuronitis
  • Ménière's disease/Endolymphatic hydrops
  • Perilymphatic fistula
  • acoustic neuroma
• Hearing loss
• Mastoiditis
• Otitis externa - outer ear or ear canal inflammation
• Otitis media - middle ear inflammation
• Otitis interna - inner ear inflammation
• Perforated eardrum (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion or loud noise)

Rhinosinusology/Skull Base

• Environmental Allergies
• Sinusitis - acute, chronic
• Rhinitis

Pediatrics

Laryngology

Trauma/Facial Plastics

• Mandibular fracture repair

Societies

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• American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
• Canadian Society of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
• The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society

External links

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• On-Line ENT Journal Club (via JournalReview.org)
• Otolaryngology Careers Forum

Otolaryngology

Oto-rhino-laryngologi | Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde | Otorrinolaringología | Otorrinolaringologia | Oto-rhino-laryngologie | 이비인후과 | Oto-rhino-laryngologie | 耳鼻咽喉科学 | Otorynolaryngologia | Otorrinolaringologia | ÖNH | 耳鼻喉科學