The term Orthodox Christian refers to two Christian traditions:

• Oriental Orthodoxy, the Miaphysite Christian Church which separated from the Chalcedonian Christian Church in the 5th century; accepting only the first three Ecumenical councils.
• Eastern Orthodoxy, the name of the easterly continuation of the Chalcedonian Christian Church following the Great Schism with the Western Church in the 11th century.

Creştin ortodox