The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency responsible for administering most of the War on Poverty programs created as part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society legislative agenda.

Programs such as VISTA, Job Corps, Community Action and Head Start (though that program was later transferred to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare) were all administered by the OEO. It was established in 1964, but quickly became a target of both left-wing and right-wing critics of the War on Poverty. The OEO was dismantled by President Richard Nixon in 1973, though many of the agency's programs were transferred to other government agencies.

Directors, 1965-1974

• R.Sargent Shriver 1965-1968
• Bertrand Harding 1968-1969
• Donald Rumsfeld 1969-1971
• Frank C. Carlucci 1971-1972
• Philip V. Sanchez 1972-1973
• Arvin J. Arnett 1973-1974

Defunct agencies of the United States government | Great Society programs