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Novi Sad (Serbian: Нови Сад or Novi Sad; Slovak: Nový Sad; Hungarian: Újvidék; Croatian: Novi Sad; Romanian: Novi Sad; Rusin: Нови Сад; German: Neusatz (an der Donau); Latin: Neoplanta) is a city located in Serbia; it lies in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina and is located at 45.25° N, 19.85° E, on the banks of the Danube river. It is the capital city of the Vojvodina province and a large industrial and cultural centre. Its name means "New Planting" (noun) in Serbian.

Novi Sad City is divided into two municipalities: Novi Sad and Petrovaradin. Between 1980 and 1989, the city was divided into seven municipalities: Stari Grad, Podunavlje, Liman, Slavija, Petrovaradin, Detelinara, and Sremski Karlovci.

The city's population was 215,659 in 2002 and 298,139 with the surrounding inhabited places of the municipalities included. An unofficial estimate of the current city population is approximately 240,000-250,000.

The urban area of Novi Sad comprises Novi Sad proper and the towns of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica. The metropolitan area of Novi Sad also comprises Futog, Veternik, Bukovac and Ledinci. There are also several other settlements in the municipalities, but these settlements are not connected to the city.

Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade) and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District of Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the population of the municipal area of Novi Sad (including both municipalities) is composed of: Serbs (75.50%), Hungarians (5.24%), Yugoslavs (3.17%), Slovaks (2.41%), Croats (2.09%), Montenegrins (1.68%), and others. Most of the inhabited places in the municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of Kisač has an ethnic Slovak majority. The population of Novi Sad city (excluding municipal area) is composed of: Serbs (73.91%), Hungarians (6.03%), Yugoslavs (3.69%), Montenegrins (2.23%), Croats (1.84%), and others.

History

Early History of Petrovaradin

Human settlement in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the Stone Age (about 4500 BC). This settlement was located on the right side of the river Danube in the territory of present day Petrovaradin. This region was conquered by Celts (in the 4th century BC) and Romans (in the 1st century BC).

The Celts founded the first fortress at this location, which was located on the right bank of the Danube. During Roman rule, a larger fortress was built in the 1st century with the name Cusum and included in Roman Pannonia. In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by the invasion of the Huns.

By the end of the 5th century, Byzantines had reconstructed the city and called it by the names Cusum and Petrikon. The city in time became conquered by the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Avars, Franks, Bulgarians, and again by the Byzantines.

The city was conquered by the Kingdom of Hungary (in the 12th century); by the Ottoman Empire (in 1526), and by the Habsburg Monarchy (in 1687). The city was first mentioned under the name Petrovaradin (Pétervárad) in documents from 1237. Petrovaradin was known under the name Pétervárad under Hungarian rule, Varadin under Ottoman rule, and Peterwardein under Habsburg rule.

During the Ottoman rule, Petrovaradin had 200 houses, and three mosques. There was also a Christian quarter with 35 houses populated with ethnic Serbs.

The foundation of Novi Sad

At the outset of the Habsburg rule, people of Orthodox faith were forbidden from residing in Petrovaradin, thus Serbs were largely unable to build homes in the city. Because of this, a new settlement was founded in 1694 on the left bank of the Danube. The initial name of this settlement was Serb City (Ratzen Stadt). Another name used for the settlement was Petrovaradinski Šanac. According to 1720 data, the population of the city was composed of 112 Serbian, 14 German, and 5 Hungarian houses. The settlement officially gained the name Novi Sad in 1748 when it became a "free royal city". In 1780, Novi Sad had about 2,000 houses, of which 1,144 were Serbian.

The edict that made Novi Sad a "free royal city" was proclaimed on February 1, 1748. The edict said: "We, Maria Theresa, by the God's mercy Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Carinthia, etc, etc. Cast this proclamation to anyone, who might concern...so that the famous Petrovaradinski Šanac, which lies on the other side of the Danube in Bačka province on Sajlovo land, by the might of our divine royal power and prestige...make this town a Free Royal City and to fortify, accept and sign it in as one of the free royal cities of our Kingdom of Hungary and other territories, by abolishing its previous name of Petrovaradinski Šanac, renaming it Neoplanta (Latin), Uj-Videgh (Hungarian), Neu-Satz (German), Novi Sad (Serbian), Mlada Loza (Bulgarian)".

For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad was the largest city populated with ethnic Serbs (The reformer of the Serbian language, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, wrote in 1817 that Novi Sad is the "largest Serb municipality in the world"). It was a cultural and political centre of Serbs, who did not have their own national state at the time. Because of its cultural and political influence, Novi Sad became known as the Serb Athens (Srpska Atina in Serbian). In 1820 Novi Sad had 20,000 inhabitants, of whom about 2/3 were Serbs. According to the 1843 data, Novi Sad had 17,332 inhabitants, of whom 9,675 were Orthodox Christians, 5,724 Catholics, 1,032 Protestants, 727 Jews, and 30 adherents of the Armenian church. The largest ethnic group in the city were Serbs, and the second largest were Germans.

During the Revolution of 1848-1849, Novi Sad was part of Serbian Vojvodina, a Serbian autonomous region within Habsburg Empire. In 1849 the Hungarian army located on the Petrovaradin Fortress bombarded and devastated the city, which lost much of its population (According to 1850 census there were only 7,182 citizens in the city compared with about 20,000 in 1820).

Between 1849 and 1860, the city was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat. After the abolishment of this province, the city was included into newly formed Bačka-Bodrog County. After 1867, Novi Sad was located within the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, also known as Transleithania. During this time, the Magyarization policy of the Hungarian government drastically altered the demographic structure of the city, i.e. from the predominantly Serbian, the population of the city became ethnically mixed. According to 1880 census, the percent of Serbian language speakers in the city was 41.2%, and the percent of Hungarian language speakers was 25.9%. Until 1910, the percent of Serbian language speakers decreased to 34.52%, while the percent of Hungarian language speakers increased to 39.72%.

According to the 1910 census, the city had 33,590 inhabitants, of which 13,343 (39.72%) most frequently spoke Hungarian language, 11,594 (34.52%) Serbian language, 5,918 (17.62%) German language, 1,453 (4.33%) Slovak language, etc. It is not certain whether Hungarians or Serbs were largest ethnic group in the city in this time, since 1910 census is considered partially inaccurate by most historians because this census did not recorded the population by ethnic origin or mother tongue, but by the "most frequently spoken language", thus the census results overstated the number of Hungarian speakers, since this was official language at the time and many non-Hungarian native speakers stated that they most frequently speak Hungarian language in everyday communication. The city was also home to 2,326 Jews, of whom many were native Hungarian speakers. Another lasher of the census was that it did not recorded only permanent residents of the city, but also temporary residents, who did not lived in the city, but were situated there as part of the civil and military services.

After the First World War

On November 3, 1918, the Serb National Board and the Serb Safeguard were organized in the city. On November 6, the Serb National Board invited the Danube division of the Serbian army, which already entered Srem, to send its troops to Bačka as soon as possible. On November 8, the last Austro-Hungarian soldiers evacuated from the city, and the entire city was under control of the Serb National Board and the Serb Safeguard.

Serbian troops entered the city on November 9, 1918, and on November 25, 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other nations of Vojvodina in Novi Sad proclaimed the union of Vojvodina region with the Kingdom of Serbia (The assembly numbered 757 deputies, of which 578 were Serbs, 84 Bunjevci, 62 Slovaks, 21 Rusyns, 6 Germans, 3 Šokci, 2 Croats, and 1 Hungarian). Since December 1, 1918, Novi Sad is part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.

According to the 1921 census, the city had 39,122 inhabitants, of which 16,071 were Serbs, 13,065 Hungarians, 6,486 Germans, 2,663 Jews, 1,294 Slovaks, 672 Russians, 613 Slovenians. In 1929, Novi Sad became the capital of the Danube Banovina, a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

In 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the Axis Powers, and its northern parts, including Novi Sad, were annexed by Hungary. During World War II, about 5,000 citizens were murdered and many others were resettled (in a 1942 raid alone, Hungarian police killed 1,246 citizens, among them more than 800 Jews, and threw their corpses into the icy waters of Danube). During the war, the resistance movement was active in the city. Citizens of all nationalities - Serbs, Hungarians, Slovaks and others fought together against the Axis authorities.

The partisan forces from Srem and Bačka entered the city on October 23, 1944, and Novi Sad became part of the new socialist Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Novi Sad has been the capital of Vojvodina, a province of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

After 1992, Novi Sad was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which, in 2003, was transformed into the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Since 2006, Novi Sad is part of an independent Serbia.

Devastated by Nato bombardment during the Kosovo War of 1999, Novi Sad was left without all of its three Danube bridges, communications, water, and electricity. Residental areas were cluster bombed several times while its oil refinery was bombarded daily, causing severe pollution and widespread ecological damage.

Since 2000 Novi Sad has been the host of the EXIT summer music festival. The festival is held every year and usually takes place over four nights. Between the 16th and 20th of September 2005, Novi Sad co-hosted the 2005 European Basketball Championship.

Inhabited places and population

Municipality of Novi Sad includes: Novi Sad proper, Futog, Veternik, Begeč, Budisava, Kać, Kovilj, Kisač, Rumenka, Stepanovićevo, and Čenej.

Municipality of Petrovaradin includes: Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Bukovac, Ledinci, and Stari Ledinci.

Note: Before 1989, the town and municipality of Sremski Karlovci were also part of Novi Sad City. Today, this municipality is not part of Novi Sad City, but a separate administrative unit.

The settlements with recognized town/city status are: Novi Sad, Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica and Futog.

Geographically, the municipality of Novi Sad is located in Bačka, while municipality of Petrovaradin is located in Syrmia.

Quarters of Novi Sad

Suburban settlements:

Famous or notable citizens

Famous buildings

Churches

Important institutions

Manifestations

Schools

Newspapers and magazines

Newspapers and magazines published in Novi Sad:

Sport

Bridges

Danube bridges:

Danube-Tisa-Danube Channel bridges:

Famous destinations

Twin cities

Novi Sad is twinned with the following cities:

References

  1. Boško Petrović - Živan Milisavac, Novi Sad - monografija, Novi Sad, 1987
  2. Milorad Grujić, Vodič kroz Novi Sad i okolinu, Novi Sad, 2004
  3. Jovan Mirosavljević, Brevijar ulica Novog Sada 1745-2001, Novi Sad, 2002
  4. Jovan Mirosavljević, Novi Sad - atlas ulica, Novi Sad, 1998
  5. Mirjana Džepina, Društveni i zabavni život starih Novosađana, Novi Sad, 1982
  6. Zoran Rapajić, Novi Sad bez tajni, Beograd, 2002
  7. Đorđe Randelj, Novi Sad - slobodan grad, Novi Sad, 1997
  8. Enciklopedija Novog Sada, sveske 1-26, Novi Sad, 1993-2005
  9. Radenko Gajić, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - Gibraltar na Dunavu, Novi Sad, 1994
  10. Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost, Novi Sad, 2001
  11. Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin i Srem - misterija prošlosti, Novi Sad, 2003
  12. Veljko Milković, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - podzemlje i nadzemlje, Novi Sad, 2005
  13. Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - vodič kroz vreme i prostor, Novi Sad, 2002
  14. Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradin fortress - a guide through time and space, Novi Sad, 2002
  15. 30 godina mesne zajednice "7. Juli" u Novom Sadu 1974-2004 - monografija, Novi Sad, 2004
  16. Branko Ćurčin, Slana Bara - nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2002
  17. Branko Ćurčin, Novosadsko naselje Šangaj - nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2004
  18. Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991
  19. Petar Jonović, Knjižare Novog Sada 1790-1990, Novi Sad, 1990
  20. Petar Jonović - Dr Milan Vranić - Dr Dušan Popov, Znameniti knjižari i izdavači Novog Sada, Novi Sad, 1993
  21. Ustav za čitaonicu srpsku u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, 1993
  22. Sveske za istoriju Novog Sada, sveske 4-5, Novi Sad, 1993-1994

External links

Images

Image:Matica.jpg|Matica srpska Image:Serbian National Theatre Sept 2005.jpg|Serbian National Theatre Image:Novi_Sad_square.jpg|View of central square in Novi Sad in winter Image:Liman001.jpg|Liman Image:Podbara01.jpg|Podbara Image:Sinagogue.jpg|Synagogue, built in 1906 Image:Church ns.jpg|Minster Orthodox Church, built in 1742 Image:Sajmiste02.jpg|Sajmište Image:Telep02.jpg|Telep, Orthodox church Image:Spens.jpg|Spens Sports Center Image:Jezero01.jpg|Lake of Ledinci Image:EXIT02 Jul6 2002.jpg|EXIT festival

Novi Sad | Cities, towns and villages in Serbia | Cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina | Bačka | Cities on the Danube

Novi Sad | Нови Сад | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | Novisada | Novi Sadas | Újvidék | Novi Sad | Nowy Sad | Novi Sad | Нови Сад | Novi Sad | Нови Сад | Novi Sad | Novi Sad | 诺威萨

 

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "Novi Sad".

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