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The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is a large member of the monitor lizard family (Varanidae).
Nile monitors grow to about 6 feet in length. They have muscular bodies, strong legs and powerful jaws full of sharp teeth. They also possess sharp claws used for climbing, digging, defense, or tearing at their prey. Like all monitors they have a forked tongue, which facilitates their sense of smell.
Nile monitors live in Africa and are found near their namesake, the Nile. Their nostrils are placed high on the snout, indicating that these animals are highly aquatic, but are also excellent climbers and quick runners on land. Nile monitors feed on fish, frogs, eggs, birds, small mammals, and carrion.
Small juveniles should be housed in at least a 20 gallon vivarium. Due to their large size, adults will require custom built quarters. Pine shavings, aspen bedding, or orchid bark can be used as a substrate. Landscape with rocks, driftwood, or hollow logs. A water dish large enough for the lizard to soak in should be used. Nile monitors have a tendency to defecate in the water dish so clean it whenever soiled or at least daily.
Varanus niloticus should have a daytime temperature gradient of 80-90° F (27-32° C) and a nighttime temperature of 78-80° F (26-27° C). An under tank heater should be used for surface heat. An incandescent bulb in a reflector should be situated at one end of the vivarium to provide gradient daytime heat. At night, a red or black light bulb or ceramic infrared element may be used. A thermometer should be used to verify the temperature. The humidity should be moderate. Unfiltered natural sunlight is best, but fluorescent full spectrum / UV radiation reptile lights may be used.
This species is extremely hardy in captivity when properly maintained. Wild caught animals should be checked for internal parasites. The Nile monitor has a very aggressive temperament with a powerful bite and a lashing tail. With a lot of patience, frequent handling, and a well stocked first aid kit, Nile monitors can be tamed. Babies and small juveniles are recommended to start with as they are easier to tame.
Recently (Sept. 2005) a small population of around 1000 Nile Monitors have begun to rise in the area around Cape Coral Florida with recent citings on Sanibel Island as well. They are most likely the offspring of a few Monitors let free by local pet owners. They are believed to be threatening a few native species.
"Nile monitor"