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The UK National Tidal and Sea Level Facility (NTSLF) maintains a tidal observatory at Newlyn, and the UK Fundamental Benchmark is maintained there. The Ordnance Survey, Britain's mapping agency, used to base all contour lines and spot heights on the mean sea level at Newlyn defined by this benchmark.
History
Prior to the rise of Newlyn as important settlment the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area was owned by the the Manor of Alverton .Newlyn's history has been strongly linked to its role as a major fishing port. The natural protection afforded by the Gwavas Lake (an area of seawater in Mounts Bay) led to many local fisherman adopting this area as a preferred landing site. Newlyn harbour is first recorded in 1435 by the Bishop of Exeter, later large scale improvements to the harbour led to Newlyn becoming the predominant fishing port in Mounts Bay. Newlyn was also the home of William Lovett a leader of the Chartist movement. Like the neighbouring communities of Penzance, Mousehole and Paul - Newlyn was destroyed during the Spanish Raid of 1595. During the 19th century Newlyn was the scene of the Newlyn riots following protests over the landing fish on a Sunday by fishermen from the north of England, the local Cornish fisherman being members of the Methodist church and as such strong supporters of sabbatarianism.
Economy
Newlyn's economy is largely dependant on its harbour and the associated fishing industry. Because of Newlyn's association with the creative arts there are also a number of artists and art galleries that are established in the area.
Art in Newlyn
It was made famous in the 1880s and 1890s for its Newlyn School artists' colony, including the painters Thomas Cooper Gotch, Albert Chevallier Tayler and Henry Scott Tuke. The current largest collection of work by the Newlyn School is held by Penlee House Gallery and Museum in nearby Penzance.
- See also: Newlyn Copper
Newlyn is the home of Newlyn Art Gallery * which houses a collection of modern art.
Local Government
Newlyn is for the purposes of local government part of the Penzance Civil Parish and returns 5 councillors to Penzance Town Council. The principal local authorities in this area are Penwith District Council and the Cornwall County Council.
Locations in Newlyn
- Newlyn harbour is the largest fishing port (by turnover >£18 million 2004) in England. The fishing fleet boasts a number of different catching methods: beam trawling, trawling, gill netting, potting and a large number of under 10m vessels that fish inshore. The port was a major catcher of pilchard until the 1960s. Today, a handful of vessels have resumed pilchard fishing and use a modern version of the ring net. The largest vessels are beam trawlers owned by the Stevenson family. Most of the other vessels are owned by their skippers.
- Sandy Cove is the name given to the small bay immediately south of the harbour wall.
Notable residents past and present
- Thomas Cooper Gotch
- Charles Holroyd
- William Lovett
- Robert Hichens
- Allan G Wyon
- John Pearson (artist)
External links
- newlyn.info - information on Newlyn in Cornwall
- Newlyn (DMOZ.org)
- Newlyn Photographs
- NTSLF page about the Newlyn Tidal Observatory and the Fundamental Benchmark
- http://www.newlynharbour.co.uk
"Newlyn"