The New Masses was a prominent Marxist magazine publisned in the United States from 1926 to 1948.

Edited by Michael Gold, New Masses was begun as an independent organ in response to the Communist Party USA take over of The Liberator, but by the late 1930s it strongly backed the Stalinist Popular Front movement as a response to the rise of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War. Contributors included Upton Sinclair, Ernest Hemingway, Granville Hicks, Max Eastman, Eugene O'Neill, and Theodore Dreiser. The 1940s brought significant philosophical and practical troubles to the publication, as it faced the ideological upheaval created by the Soviet-Nazi pact of 1939 (as well as blowback from its support for the Moscow Trials) while at the same time facing virulent anti-Communism and censorship during the war.

New Masses was the venue in which Abel Meeropol's anti-lynching poem "Strange Fruit," later popularized in song by Billie Holiday, first appeared in 1937.