National Wrestling Alliance

The National Wrestling Alliance NWA is a group of independent professional wrestling promotions, in operation since 1948. Prior to the 1980s, it acted as a governing body for pro wrestling, operating the 'franchise'-like "territory" system.

Territories

During its heyday, all the member promotions of the NWA had a monopoly over their given territory; the members of the NWA would all recognize the NWA World Heavyweight Championship as their highest title. Wrestlers, like Ric Flair, who held the NWA Title, could also go on tours of member promotions.

What this meant is that any member territory who broke the NWA's rules faced expulsion, and thus risked missing out on having wrestlers with household names appear in their territories. Similarly, if another promoter began performing shows in an NWA's territory, all the NWA members were obligated to send their best talent across to fend off the threat. Reportedly, threats of violence or physical retaliation were used against promoters who disregarded the territory system.

Thus the NWA used a "carrot and stick" approach to maintaining the territory system. For most promoters under the NWA umbrella, the benefits of membership were well worth the dues.

It was also rumored that when Vince McMahon Jr. began his national expansion of the WWF in 1984, some NWA promoters also plotted to kill McMahon as revenge for his undermining of the territorial system.

Former Member Territories

Some prominent former NWA member promotions included:

The now-defunct American Wrestling Association (AWA) was a member until 1960
The World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF), the forerunner to today's WWE (formerly WWF), was at various times an NWA member, or de facto member (The NWA would cooperate with the WWF in an NWA storyline in 1998 which featured former Jim Crockett promotion stars as part of the NWA faction). The angle involved Jim Cornette as the manager with wrestlers Jeff Jarrett, Barry Windham, Rock-N-Roll Express, and New Midnight Express.
The forerunners to the now defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW) were members of the NWA until 1993. These include:
- Jim Crockett Promotions
- Georgia Championship Wrestling (See Jim Crockett Promotions)
- Championship Wrestling From Florida
- Heart of America Sports Attractions Inc
- Mid South Sports withdrew to become the Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF) and later was bought out by Jim Crockett Promotions
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
Ed Farhat Promotions, which did business in Detroit as "Big Time Wrestling", was a member until owner Ed Farhat (who also wrestled as The Sheik) was expelled for violating NWA rules by appearing in an "outlaw territory" as a wrestler.
National Wrestling Federation (Buffalo)
Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) was originally Eastern Championship Wrestling, an NWA member (ECW is now a WWE brand).
United States Wrestling Association and its forerunners:
Continental Wrestling Federation and its forerunners:
- Southeastern Championship Wrestling
- Continental Championship Wrestling
Ohio Valley Wrestling was a member until 2001, when it became a developmental league for WWE
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) was an NWA member promotion up until their withdrawal in 2004. Soon after, they received the license to the rights for the NWA World Heavyweight & World Tag Team Champions.
The Mexican promotion Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre (now CMLL) was a member until the late 1980s
In Japan, the membership was as follows:
- - Japan Wrestling Association, originally owned by Rikidozan, until 1973.
  - All Japan Pro Wrestling from 1973 to the late 1980s.
  - New Japan Pro Wrestling has been a NWA member at various points, from 1975 to 1985 (only for control of the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship), from 1992 to 1993 (for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, and since 2004, although the NWA connection is rarely emphasized, and again it is for NWA junior heavyweight title control).
  - During the 1990s and early 2000s, NWA membership was scattered among a few independent promotions: International Wrestling Association of Japan (1994-96); Wrestle Yume Factory (1995-97), Universal Fighting Organization (1999-2000); and Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE (2001-04).
- There were two Caribbean promotions were NWA members:
  - World Wrestling Council, owned by Carlos Colon and based in Puerto Rico; WWC/Capitol Sports was an NWA member from 1973 until 1987.
  - International Wrestling Association, founded in 1994 by promoter Victor Quiñonez is also based in Puerto Rico(and for a short time promoting also in Japan) and left the NWA in 2001.
- Several Canadian promotions were also NWA members:
  - NWA All Star Wrestling, co-owned by Gene Kiniski and Sandor Kovacs (sold to Al Tomko in the late 1970s) and based in Vancouver, British Columbia; it was an NWA member until 1985, when it withdrew to become the Universal Wrestling Alliance
  - Stampede Wrestling, owned by Stu Hart and based in Calgary, Alberta; Stampede was part of the NWA until the early 1980s
  - Maple Leaf Wrestling, operated by Frank Tunney and based in Toronto, Ontario; this promotion was an NWA member until 1984, when the WWF bought it (along with Stampede Wrestling) to gain a foothold in Canada
  - Canadian Wrestling Federation, owned and operated by the now last NWA President, Ernie Todd; it was an NWA member until 2005, when Todd resigned as NWA President, withdrawing the CWF, and joined AWA Superstars of Wrestling, run by Dale Gagne
  - Eastern Sports Association, based in Halifax, Nova Scotia and run by Al Zinck; this NWA member ran in the Canadian Maritimes (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) during the summer months until 1977
Decline and Fall of the Territory System
Video tape trading and cable television paved the way for the eventual death of the NWA's regional business, as fans could now see for themselves the plot holes and inconsistencies between the different regional storylines, and the presence of stars like Ric Flair on TV every week made their special appearances in each region less of a draw. World Wrestling Federation (WWF) promoter Vince McMahon used these gathering trends, and talent raids, to turn his northeastern territory into a national federation. To compete against this threat, various promoters attempted to co-promote shows under the Pro Wrestling USA banner. However, this fell apart and the AWA began broadcasting weekly shows on ESPN.
Meanwhile, to hold off the threat of the WWF, promoter Jim Crockett Promotions decided to unify parts of the NWA, and create a national federation, by buying out some of the member promotions. However, by 1988 this led him to bankruptcy, and he sold off the promotion to Ted Turner as World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In 1991, the flagship WCW realized the NWA needed it more than it needed the NWA, and left. WCW continued, however, to claim the NWA's lineage.
After the AWA's bankruptcy, and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) leaving, the NWA was a shell of its former self. Through the mid to late '90s, the all-but-forgotten organization was left with a small collection of independent federations during the peak of the Monday night ratings wars between the WCW and WWF.
The NWA Today
There is still a group of promoters which hold membership in the NWA and continue to use the NWA name, although (with the exception of New Zealand's Steve Rickard) no members are holdovers from the membership of the promotion's "glory days" of the 1940s-1980s.
In order to join the NWA, a promoter must have been operating for at least one year in a territory uncontested by any other NWA member, and their application must be approved by a majority vote of the Board of Directors, although there are numerous exceptions to this bylaw currently within the organization. The presidency of the NWA was dissolved and the duties of the office assumed by the Board of Directors following the resignation of Ernie Todd, the promoter of NWA: Canadian Wrestling Federation, in August 2005. On his promotion's site, ^{not only does he explain his reasons for resigning from the NWA and its Board of Directors, but he states that he will be joining AWA Superstars of Wrestling. Gerweck.net still has the press statement Todd issued. ^{^*}, have posted ramblings and rantings that Mr. Todd has posted not only on his promotion's website, but on an indy message board. Other members on the NWA's message board have posted their thoughts on Ernie's departure and his decision to join the AWA. They criticize what Mr. Todd and the AWA President, Mr. Dale R. "Gagne" Gagner have been up to. It's safe to say that there seems to be a war brewing between loyal NWA fans/the NWA and Ernie Todd/the AWA. Piled on top of that are numerous other postings from other message board members who apparently have taken it upon themselves to do everything they can to knock the AWA down and keep it there. These posts are quite ironic however, as Don Muraco's Hawaiian Championship Wrestling (An NWA member since it merged with the now defunct IXWF wrestling promotion in 2003) became the only promotion to hold both NWA and AWA membership in late 2005. It was announced on the NWA's website on Monday, October 10, 2005, that current NWA legal council Bob Trobich would become the new Executive Director to the NWA. As the new NWA Executive Director, Trobich will be the primary contact and decision maker for all NWA business. As of a few days ago, a new NWA message board has been put up. The link can be found on the NWA's website under "Multimedia".}
Hall of Fame
On October 8, 2005, the NWA launched its official Hall of Fame. Its inductees included:
Current Major Promotions
The NWA brand name has been seen most prominently in recent years in conjunction with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), a former NWA member promotion started by Jeff Jarrett and Jerry Jarrett in 2002 that later withdrew from the NWA in 2004. TNA was originally based in Nashville, Tennessee before moving to Orlando, Florida in 2004. TNA ran weekly pay-per-views for over two years before securing a national television deal with Fox Sports Net in June 2004 and Spike TV in 2005. When TNA secured the deal with Fox Sports Net, they began switching to a more conventional monthly PPV model. In addition, TNA have featured popular wrestlers such as Sting who have never appeared in WWE. In late 2003 the Jarretts sold a majority of their interest in the company to Panda Energy International, and then in 2004 negotiated a new deal to license the NWA name and the use of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and NWA World Tag Team Championships for ten years.
The most visible NWA member promotion in the United States in recent times was undoubtedly NWA Wildside, which aired 300 consecutive weeks of syndicated television before closing in April 2005, when the promoter, Bill Behrens, signed a deal to work as a television syndicator for WWE.
The largest and most successful member promotion of the NWA is New Japan Pro Wrestling, which is the second largest and most profitable wrestling promotion in the world after WWE. NJPW is sanctioned by NWA member the legendary Antonio Inoki, who at times has also sanctioned Zero One and Universal Fighting Organization as NWA promotions. NJPW holds events consistently throughout Japan and Asia, and has also run shows in Europe and the United States.
Titles in the Company

World Championships
Upon its founding in 1948, the NWA Board of Directors recognized only three championships as world titles. There were however no rules within the organization preventing individual members promoting titles in other divisions as world titles. Only the first two are still recognized by the Board.
- NWA World Heavyweight Championship
- NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship
- NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (not an official NWA Title)
NWA promoters from EMLL in Mexico began promoting two more championships as World Titles, which were essentially regional titles controlled by EMLL. When EMLL withdrew from the organization in the 90's, the titles were no longer officially sanctioned by the NWA, however they were still promoted as NWA sanctioned titles by EMLL. In Lucha Libre, titles generally stay with their holder when that competitor leaves a region or company. This practice, has caused theses titles, along with the Light Heavyweight Championship, to be accepted as "world titles" in Japan and Mexico. Weight limits for the titles are loosely followed by Lucha Libre promotions.
- NWA World Middleweight Championship (not an official NWA Title)
- NWA World Welterweight Championship (not an official NWA Title)
In 1992, after decades of regional tag team championships being labeled as world titles by various promoters, the NWA held a tournament to crown the first Board of Directors recognized World Tag Team Champions. The tournament was conducted by member promotion WCW, which continued to recognize the NWA Mid-Atlantic/WCW version of the Tag Team Championship as well.
- NWA World Tag Team Championship
Prior to 1992, many NWA promoters sanctioned a regional version of a tag team championship as the "World Championship". Although named as world titles, none of the titles were sanctioned as the official world title by the Board of Directors, and were technically regional championships. The Mid-Atlantic version, promoted by Jim Crockett Promotions, became widely accepted as the legitimate World Title when many promotions began folding, or being bought out by JCP. With this consolidation, the Mid-Atlantic version became known as the World Tag Championship, although it was not technically recognized as such by the Board of Directors. As JCP evolved into World Championship Wrestling, this version of the title would become known as the WCW World Tag Team Title.
The following titles were also called "World Championships", but were actually just regional or company titles.
- NWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic/World Class Championship Wrestling)
- NWA World Television Championship (Mid-Atlantic Version)
- NWA World Brass Knuckles Championship (Tennessee Version)
- NWA World Women's Championship
- NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship
- NWA World Midget's Championship
- NWA Independent World Heavyweight Championship
National Championships
- NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship
- NWA North American Heavyweight Championship
- NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (Amarillo version) (defunct)
- NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (Hawaii version) (defunct)
- NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (Tri-State version) (defunct)
- NWA North American Tag Team Championship
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Mid-Atlantic/Georgia/WCW Version) (defunct-now a WWE Title)
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Central States version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Hawaii version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Toronto version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Detroit version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (San Francisco version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic/Georgia/WCW Version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Northeast version) (defunct)
- NWA United States Women's Championship (defunct)
- NWA National Heavyweight Championship (US Version)
- NWA National Tag Team Championship (US Version)
- NWA National Television Championship (defunct)
- NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship
- NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Calgary version) (defunct)
- NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Halifax version) (defunct)
- NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Toronto version) (defunct)
- NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Vancouver version) (defunct)
- NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship
- NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Calgary version) (defunct)
- NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version) (defunct)
Regional Championships
External links
National Wrestling Alliance | Jim Crockett Promotions | 1948 establishments
National Wrestling Alliance | NWA | National Wrestling Alliance

Gourt Home::Gourt :: National Wrestling Alliance

Territories

Former Member Territories

Decline and Fall of the Territory System

The NWA Today

Hall of Fame

Current Major Promotions

Titles in the Company

World Championships

National Championships

Regional Championships

External links