The National Numeracy Strategy began as the National Numeracy Project in 1996, led by a Numeracy Task Force.

It set about addressing perceived weaknesses in the teaching of mathematics, particularly at primary school. In particular, it focussed on skills of calculation and computation.

In 1997, the project began to produce plans for a framework for the teaching of mathematics in primary schools, leading to the non-statutory introduction of the Numeracy Hour in all schools in 1998. The strategy included a clear term-by-term outline of expected teaching in mathematics for all pupils from Reception to Year 6.

The perceived success of the Strategy, alongside the National Literacy Strategy led to the introduction of the Key Stage 3 strategy for Secondary Schools, including a similar framework for teaching mathematics in Years 7, 8 and 9.

In 2003, the strategy, including the framework for teaching, was absorbed into the broader Primary National Strategy. The framework for teaching is due to be republished in updated form in 2006.