The Montreal Convention is a treaty adopted by a meeting of ICAO member states in 1999. It amended important provisions of the Warsaw Convention's regulations concerning compensation for the victims of air disasters. Under the Montreal Convention, air carriers are strictly liable for proven damages up to 100,000 Special Drawing Rights (SDR's), a mix of currency values established by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), approximately $138,000 per passenger at the time of its ratification by the United States in 2003. For damages above 100,000 SDR's, the airline must show the accident that caused injury or death was not due to their negligence or was attributable to the negligence of a third party. The Convention also amended the jurisdictional provisions of Warsaw and now allows the victim or their families to sue foreign carriers where they maintain their principal residence, and requires all air carriers to carry liability insurance.

It is not to be confused with the Montreal Protocol governing CFC emissions.

Montreal convention was brought about mainly to amend liabilities to be paid to families for death or injury whilst on board an aircraft.