Molniya (Russian молния for lightning) may refer to:

• The Molniya (satellite), the Soviet military communications satellite.
• Molniya orbit, distinctive orbit associated with the satellite.
• The Molniya (rocket), a four stage variation of the Soyuz launch vehicle
• OKB-4 Molniya, experimental design bureau responsible for the Molniya R-60 and R-73 air-to-air missiles.

Molnija