Metallica

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Metallica

Metallica is an American heavy metal band. They were formed in October 1981. With 57 million albums sold in the United States (RIAA Total Sales), and 40 million albums sold outside the U.S. [http://www.guitarcenter.com/interview/larsulrich/index.cfm, the total number of album sales is nearly 100 million. The band has become one of the most commercially successful heavy metal acts in history, as well as the 18th biggest selling act in American music history.

After building a following through its role in the development of modern heavy metal, especially thrash metal, (considered the leader of the "big four" of thrash metal, which includes Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax) in the mid-1980s, the band broadened its audience in the early 1990s. Accordingly, the band has stood as the most commercially visible example of the metal genre since the beginning of that decade.

In 2003 Metallica finally released their long-delayed 8th studio album, entitled St. Anger. Although critical reviews for the album were deeply divided, their 2004 "Madly in Anger with the World" tour in support of the album was very successful.

History

The early days (1981-1985)

Metallica was formed in Downey, California in 1981 by drummer and son of a former tennis prodigy, Lars Ulrich, along with guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield, who met after each had separately placed classified advertisements in the American publication The Recycler. Ulrich, who had been influenced by the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, tried to start his own band before 1981 but was unsuccessful. By 1981, Hetfield responded to Ulrich's call. Bassist Ron McGovney was an original member, and the band used a few transient guitar players, such as Brad Parker and Jeff Warner. Their first session played was in Lars Ulrich's garage. At that time there were only three members, Ulrich, Hetfield, and Lloyd Grant. McGovney joined a few days later. Metallica got its name when Ulrich was helping San Francisco-area metal promoter Ron Quintana pick out a name for a new magazine to promote metal and the New Wave of British Heavy Metal bands. Quintana came up with "Metallica," but Lars quickly suggested another and decided to use that name for the band he and Hetfield had just started.

In early 1982, Metallica recorded "Hit the Lights" for the first Metal Massacre compilation. Guitarist Lloyd Grant was brought in to do the solos on the track but was never a full member of the band. Desperate for a full time lead guitarist, Ulrich posted an ad in the local newspapers. Dave Mustaine from Huntington Beach, California, a guitarist from the band Panic responded, and upon arrival started a sound check. Ulrich and Hetfield were so impressed with Mustaine's warm-up and equipment that they asked him to join before actually auditioning. A few months later the band recorded a full demo, No Life 'Til Leather, which quickly drew attention on the underground tape trading circuit. Conflicts with Mustaine eventually caused McGovney to leave the band, and he was replaced by Cliff Burton from Castro Valley, California, lured from his band Trauma in exchange for the other members of Metallica relocating to the San Francisco area.

Upon arriving in El Cerrito, California, the group quickly built a healthy local following in the Bay Area Thrash Scene via word-of-mouth and live performances. Metallica then traveled to Rochester, New York in 1983 at the urging of local promoters Jon and Marsha Zazula, and after a few gigs the band signed with the Zazulas' brand new label, Megaforce Records. Shortly after arriving in New York, Mustaine was fired due to various disruptive, unproductive behaviors related to alcoholism and other addictions. Kirk Hammett was drafted from Exodus to replace him. Mustaine would go on to create the thrash metal band Megadeth. A pupil of Joe Satriani, Hammett brought to the band his own unique style, quite different from Mustaine's. This would become more apparent after Ride the Lightning, the first album to feature Hammett's songwriting.

Metallica's first album, Kill 'Em All, was released in 1983 on Megaforce Records. The album set the template that they would follow throughout the 1980s, prominently featuring Hetfield's heavy vocals and aggressive rhythm guitar. Kill 'Em All did not have huge sales after its initial release, but it did establish a loyal fan following in the growing 'underground metal' scene. A year later, Metallica released their second 'Megaforce' album, Ride the Lightning. The new album expanded their form with longer songs that featured lyrical and instrumental growth that rose above some of the playing on Kill 'Em All. Perhaps the most significant feature of Ride the Lightning was the inclusion of "Fade to Black", a slower, more introspective song that some thought mused on the thoughts of someone contemplating suicide. The song, in fact was written after the band's gear was stolen in Boston (most notably, a Marshall amp, requiring James Hetfield to search multiple continents to find one with the same sound). "Fade to Black" is the first such song in a tradition that would come to include "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)" and "One". The inclusion of these slower, introspective songs distinguished Metallica from most other thrash or heavy metal bands such as Anthrax, Slayer, and Megadeth.

Some fans saw Metallica's formation as a direct reaction to the prevalent rock and roll music of the early 1980s. Metallica was inspired by bands such as Motörhead, Diamond Head (declaring in the sleeve notes of 1998's Garage Inc. that "two heads were better than one"), Saxon and other bands of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. They also took inspiration from hardcore punk bands like the Misfits and Discharge. By putting all these elements together, Metallica was single-minded in their desire to break the grip of soft metal on heavy metal fans.

Mainstream success (1986-1994)

After signing a major label deal with Elektra Records in 1984, Metallica released a new album entitled Master of Puppets on February 21, 1986. The album is regarded by many fans as their best work and is considered by some to be the greatest heavy metal album of all time.^* Despite the fact that no singles were ever released for the album, the band received some minor airplay from album tracks "Master of Puppets" and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)". The supporting Damage Inc. tour was very successful and the album charted at number 29 on the Billboard Top Album Charts.

The band had become infamous for their extensive use of alcohol, so much so, that they were nicknamed "Alcoholica". And they were proud of it. Alcohol had become an integral part of their music and performance, and would continue to be for many years.

On September 27, 1986, during a European leg of shows, bassist Cliff Burton died near Ljungby, Sweden when Metallica's tour bus skidded off an icy road and flipped over.^* Burton was thrown out of the window, and the bus landed on top of him. It is uncertain if Burton was dead at this point or not. A winch that was being used to lift the bus off of him snapped, resulting in the bus crushing him a second time. It is said that Hetfield repeatedly yelled at the bus driver, asking him where the patch of ice was.

Earlier that night Hammett and Burton had a friendly disagreement on their sleeping quarters on the tour bus that night; they both wanted the same bunk. They drew out a deck of cards and they both proceeded to draw one to determine the winner. Burton picked out the highest possible card, the ace of spades. Burton slept in the bunk that night that put him in the position for his untimely death. Hammett still struggles with the fact that it could have been him.

The band's future was left in doubt following Cliff's death. The three remaining members knew it would be Cliff's wish that they carry on, and with the Burton family's blessings, the band decided to continue and seek a replacement. Auditions began almost immediately. Among the most promising of the auditioneers was a young Les Claypool, a childhood friend of Hammett's. The band liked Claypool but felt that his style was "too funky". Claypool would go on to form the highly successful band Primus.

Three weeks after Burton's funeral, Jason Newsted, formerly of Flotsam and Jetsam officially joined Metallica on October 28, 1986. With Newsted, the band finished the Damage, Inc. tour in the early months of 1987. The transition from Burton to Newsted was anything but smooth: the band delighted in subjecting Newsted to months of hazing, simply to test the limits of the new member's patience, treatment that became legendary in Metallica's history. Tour expenses were often charged to Newsted's hotel rooms on the road, he was tricked into swallowing a significant amount of wasabi in a sushi restaurant, and was often denied limo transportation with the rest of the band. Following the tour, the band quickly recorded Days Re-Revisited|The $5.98 EP: Garage Days Re-Revisited" target="_blank" >^* (This name was to make sure that fans buying the CD would not be ripped off by greedy CD store managers) in July of that same year as a way to test a new studio they had constructed (according to the EP's liner notes) and to test the talents of Newsted. This EP continued Metallica's fascination with covering songs by relatively obscure (to American audiences) British metal and hardcore bands.

In 1988 the band recorded ...And Justice for All. An album full of some of the band's most structurally complex music, it was the first 'true' studio album released following the death of Cliff Burton. Jason Newsted was listed as bass player on the album's credits but very little bass was audible during playback of the album. Some have speculated that this was done intentionally by the original members of the band as a reaction to the death of Burton (or perhaps as a way of further hazing Newsted). The most likely reason, as mentioned by Hetfield and Ulrich in subsequent interviews, was that Newsted wasn't present in the mixing sessions, and as such wasn't able to input his opinion on the final mixing process. ...And Justice for All was a milestone in the history of metal. Noting its intense focus on topics related to personal control and independence, many writers celebrated the album (and, by extension, Metallica itself) for the way it appeared to divorce hard rock from the blues in ways bands such as Mötley Crüe or Poison resisted. Although the song-writing was praised, the production of this album was heavily criticized as Lars Ulrich's drums clicked more than thudded and the guitars had a thin sound. Because of the complexity and length of the songs, the band would later (in the mid-90's) cease to play most of them live. Metallica made their first music video for the morbid but accessible World War I-themed "One". Featuring clips from the film Johnny Got His Gun (based on the Dalton Trumbo book), it was popular on MTV and gained the band considerable additional exposure. The album also contained their last instrumental to date, "To Live Is To Die". It was a sort of tribute to Cliff Burton and contained unused riffs written by him and a poem also written by him and read by Hetfield. Importantly, Metallica never lost interest in always providing fans with a sensational live act. They retained their original humility and sense of humor and occasionally gave the fans a 'band-switch' treat. That is, the song "Am I Evil" would be played with James on drums, Kirk on bass, Jason on guitar, and Lars doing the singing.

In 1991, the self-titled album, Metallica (popularly known as The Black Album) broadened the band's horizon again. The record was co-produced with Bob Rock, whose resume included work with hard rock acts The Cult, Bon Jovi, Mötley Crüe and many others. The album featured a black cover that evoked humorous comparisons to Spinal Tap. The majority of the making of the Metallica album and the following tour was recorded, of which around four hours were used in the documentary A Year and a half in the life of Metallica. The recording sessions were a long and arduous process, lasting over a year due to infighting amongst the band's members and endless arguments with Rock about the direction, scope and sound it should have. The cost of recording the album was reputed to be over $1 million. However, despite the battle to finish the album, it quickly became the band's most successful release, debuting at number one on the Billboard charts and going platinum within weeks.

The album featured the hit "Enter Sandman", which exemplified the radically pared-down style of songwriting across the album; it became Metallica's best-known song and has been used by wrestlers and baseball players as their theme music. Another hit was "Nothing Else Matters", a more plaintive, acoustic ballad that outraged some of their more hardcore fans. The album was a massive crossover hit, bringing Metallica firmly into the mainstream, and it was with this album that the band first encountered significant accusations of having "sold out." This album had been preceded by a cover of Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy" which was contributed to Rubáiyat, a compilation album commemorating Elektra's 40th anniversary, and which Hetfield, together with Queen's remaining band members performed live at the The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. Metallica also played a set at the concert.

There is a point of interest about the track "Don't Tread on Me". In the beginning of the song, a familiar melody takes place on the electric guitars. The melody is actually from the Leonard Bernstein classic "America" from the movie "West Side Story".

Charges of selling out would follow Metallica throughout the 1990s, to which the band often joked that they did indeed sell out — each and every date of the tour. Indeed, the tour following the 'Black Album' was especially successful and eventful. Many dates were held with no opening act, instead showing an introductory film that included interview footage filmed during A Year and a Half... not included in the film, and other footage of band members' antics backstage. The best-known incident during this tour was a pyrotechnics accident in 1992 in Montréal while Metallica was performing a series of joint shows with Guns N' Roses. Hetfield suffered severe second and third degree burns to his left arm during the opening of "Fade to Black," leaving him unable to play guitar for a portion of the tour (former Metallica roadie and Metal Church guitarist John Marshall filled in while Hetfield continued to sing). Guns N' Roses' set was also cut short, when lead singer Axl Rose left the stage, saying he was unhappy with the sound. After two setlists cut short, fans grew angry and a riot ensued.

The Load era (1995-1999)

After almost three years of touring to support the Black Album, Metallica took a respite until late 1995. On December 13, they recorded during their rehearsal for Lemmy's 50th birthday party; the track "Hero of the Day" and four Motörhead covers were later released as a two-part limited edition CD single. The band spent around a year writing and recording new songs, resulting in Load (1996). At one point during early production, Load was intended to be a double album. Ultimately, it was decided that it would be best to release half of the songs first, and continue to work on the remaining songs and release them the following year. This resulted in the follow up album ReLoad (1997). Some songs written during Load were changed by the time they were recorded for ReLoad; in particular, "Fuel" had different lyrics than the version played during the Load Tour, as evidenced by the version played on the Cunning Stunts concert film (the song was then-titled "Fuel for Fire").

These albums represented a significant musical change for Metallica. The band's breakneck metal tempos and layered guitar compositions had largely been replaced by bluesy rock songs, full of bent notes, warm guitar tones, slide guitar, as well as shuffle rhythms. Hetfield's vocals took a larger role than ever before, and several songs (such as "Mama Said" and "Low Man's Lyric"), broadened Hetfield and the rest of the band's willingness to experiment with various sounds and instruments. These changes included the use of the steel guitar (commonly used in country music) in "Mama Said", as well as the use of the hurdy-gurdy and violin in Low Man's Lyric.

It was during this period of time that Metallica was most strongly accused of "selling out" by their fans. Many of the changes on Load and ReLoad had been anticipated by earlier experiments (especially on the Black Album), but listeners generally regard the two albums as the band's turning point. Sales were lower than sales of the previous three albums. Previously rabid fans began to sarcastically refer to the band as "Poptallica" or "Alternica" (or simply "Lica", as "the metal was gone") in light of the band's apparent conformity to more mainstream styles of pop or alternative metal music. Indeed, perhaps because of these musical changes, many songs from Load and ReLoad received extensive radio play, including "Until It Sleeps", "Hero of the Day", "King Nothing", "The Memory Remains", "The Unforgiven II", and "Fuel".

In addition, by 1996, all of the band members had cut their hair (although Hammett eventually regrew most of it), which was made the point of ridicule by many people, including band friends Alice in Chains, whose edition of MTV's Unplugged featured, on Mike Inez's bass, the words "friends don't let friends get Friends haircuts." Metallica were in the audience for the taping of the show. Their hair seemed to overshadow their music in press coverage.

Some fans felt that the intricacy and intelligence of Metallica's songwriting had not necessarily been watered down, but that it had been presented in a radically different - or perhaps a simply more varied - stylistic package. Hetfield noted later in the documentary film Some Kind of Monster that many songs on these two albums were initially thought by the band to be of only average quality, and polished and re-worked repeatedly until judged to be releasable.

In 1998 Metallica returned briefly to its role as a cover band and compiled a double CD called Garage Inc.. The first CD contained newly recorded tracks, ranging from obvious Metallica influences such as The Misfits, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate and Black Sabbath to more unexpected choices like Nick Cave and Bob Seger (the band's cover of Seger's "Turn the Page" garnered extensive radio airplay). The second CD gathered together previously released covers, including the complete $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited" target="_blank" >^* EP, which had, at that point, become a scarce collectors' item. The CD also collected B-side covers going as far back as 1984.

On March 7, 1999, Metallica were inducted into San Francisco Walk of Fame. The mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown, proclaimed the day "Official Metallica Day" in San Francisco. A month later, on April 21-22, 1999, Metallica recorded two performances with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, then conducted by Michael Kamen. Kamen, who had previously worked with Bob Rock on "Nothing Else Matters", approached the band with the idea of pairing Metallica's music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff composed additional orchestral material for a number of Metallica songs and the concerts featured a collection of songs dating as far back as Ride the Lightning. Metallica also wrote two brand-new Kamen-scored songs for the event, "No Leaf Clover" and "−Human." The audio recording and concert footage were released later that year as the album/concert film S&M, in November, 1999, on CD, VHS, VCD, and DVD.

Napster controversy (2000-2001)

In 2000, Metallica discovered that a demo of their song "I Disappear" was being distributed via the Napster P2P file-sharing network. Not only was the song unfinished, it was supposed to be released in combination with the Impossible II soundtrack.

They soon discovered that in addition to the demo, their entire catalogue was also freely available. The band initiated legal action against Napster and, in the process, demanded that 300,000 Napster users found to be trading Metallica songs be banned from the network. Legal actions were also started against Yale University, University of Southern California, and Indiana University for not blocking Napster from their campuses. In 2001, Metallica and Napster agreed to an out-of-court settlement which led to many Napster user accounts being locked out. The band did not take legal action against any individuals for copyright infringement. Lars Ulrich provided a statement to a Senate Judiciary Committee regarding copyright infringement on July 11, 2000. See Lars Ulrich's testimony to the Senate

The lawsuit created a public relations nightmare. Throughout the controversy, many websites hosted cartoon parodies of band members, portraying them as selfish rock stars who were out of touch with their fans. The most popular of these was a cartoon parody entitled Napster Bad!, by Camp Chaos, which spawned an entire series. Some critics mocked Ulrich by spelling his first name as "Lar$". Public ridicule was widespread as many longtime fans felt Metallica had got their start via underground trading of bootleg recordings of their performances. Metallica's defense was that Napster was allowing free access to their back catalogue and not live bootleg recordings which the band had always encouraged. The fan backlash would not be the only setback the band would experience that year.

Newsted leaves (2001-2003)

As plans were being made to go into the recording studio in 2001, Jason Newsted left the band, ostensibly due to "the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love." However, subsequent interviews with Newsted and the remaining members revealed that Newsted's desire to release and tour with his Echobrain side-project – and Hetfield's intense resistance to such an idea – was the primary cause of Newsted's departure, as Hetfield believed a release by an individual band member would somehow weaken the band. The 2004 documentary Some Kind of Monster provided more insight into the reasons for Newsted's departure. In the film he says he felt Metallica's desire to hire a therapist to help solve the problems between the band members was "fucking lame and weak".

This would be the first in a series of low-points the band would endure. In July, 2001, Hetfield entered rehab due to "alcoholism and other addictions". For nearly a year, Metallica ceased to function in any meaningful way. Ulrich and Hammett, for the first time, seriously considered the possibility that Metallica might be finished. Hetfield eventually returned to the band following his rehab hiatus. Slowly and cautiously Metallica continued as a 3-piece throughout the writing and recording of their next album. Longtime producer Bob Rock handled bass duties for the sessions.

Metallica held auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement in early 2003. Robert Trujillo formerly of Suicidal Tendencies, and Ozzy Osbourne's band, was chosen as the new bassist. Robert's resume also included Infectious Grooves as well as a stint with Black Label Society on their Boozed, Broozed, and Broken-Boned DVD. As Metallica moved on, Jason Newsted also found a new musical home joining Canadian thrash metal legends Voivod in 2002. In an interesting turn of events, Jason became Robert's replacement in Ozzy's band during the 2003 Ozzfest tour (which included Voivod as part of the touring bill).

A new beginning (2003-present)

In June 2003, Metallica released their eighth full-length studio album, St. Anger. The album debuted at number one on the album charts, as an intentionally raw and unpolished album as a response to critics' complaints that they had lost their edge. Harsh criticism from fans followed, however, for the record's underproduced sound (notably Hetfield's "flexible" sense of pitch), Ulrich's new signature steel snare drum, overwrought songs, and no guitar solos whatsoever (a rarity for Metallica). Reports of second-hand CD shops being flooded with copies of the album circulated on the Internet. Despite the criticism, Metallica won a Grammy in 2004 for St. Anger, the band's seventh such award. The documentary Some Kind of Monster followed the album and offered an inside view into the daily affairs of Metallica as never before. While the film focused on the growing tensions within the band, it fulfilled its original purpose of helping to promote the album. The film also exposed to fans that Metallica had sought the guidance of a therapist, Phil Towle, to deal with a vast amount of the band's inner turmoil.

Having toured extensively for two years in support of St. Anger on the Madly In Anger With The World Tour (in which nearly every performance was professionally recorded and sold on LiveMetallica.com) Metallica took a break from performing and spent most of 2005 amongst their friends and families.

On February 16 2006, Metallica officially announced on their official website, that after their 15+ year relationship, longtime producer Bob Rock has stepped down from recording Metallica's next studio album. Rock had produced every Metallica album since 1991, beginning with Metallica. His place will be taken by legendary producer Rick Rubin ^*, who has collaborated with artists such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, Weezer, Audioslave, Slipknot, System of a Down, Johnny Cash, LL Cool J, Jay-Z and Slayer. They are currently working on new material for the new album which has been said to be due out in November of 2007.

Metallica debuted a new, yet-untitled song in Berlin on June 6th, 2006. It can be found on many sites and forums ^*, and has since been performed at other concerts. The band previously unveiled new songs prior to their release: Master of Puppets' "Disposable Heroes" was debuted in September of 1985; ...And Justice for All's "Harvester of Sorrow" received its live debut in 1987, Load's "2x4" was played during the Escape from the Studio '95 mini-tour; and Reload's "Fuel" and "Devil's Dance" were played at various points during the Load tour 1996-97 and again on the Escape from the Studio mini-tour in August 1997 ("The Memory Remains" was teased at the same shows).

Other appearances

On September 20, 2005, Metallica went to the studio to record their voice parts for their appearance in an upcoming episode of The Simpsons. The episode will be the first of Season 18, and will air on September 10th, 2006.
James Hetfield and Kirk Hammett have also recorded guest voices for Adult Swim's upcoming show "Metalocalypse." The show will air sometime in August.
Metallica played two shows with the Rolling Stones in their hometown of San Francisco on November 13, 2005 and November 15, 2005. Metallica opened both nights and the concert was held at AT&T Park.
Metallica played their first shows on the African continent March 18-25, 2006, at the Coca-Cola Co-lab Massive Mix in South Africa. The band was billed alongside such artists as Collective Soul, Seether, Simple Plan, and Fat Boy Slim.
The band themselves made an appearance in the independent film The Darwin Awards, starring Joseph Fiennes, Winona Ryder, David Arquette, Julianna Margulies, Tim Blake Nelson, Juliette Lewis, the late Chris Penn, and others. Metallica also played at a private party for the premiere of The Darwin Awards at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25th, 2006.
On March 13th, 2006 Metallica inducted Black Sabbath into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as well as playing some of the legendary band's songs ("Iron Man" and "Hole in the Sky"). The ceremony was aired on VH1, March 21st, 2006.
Beginning on 3rd June 2006 at the Rock Am Ring concert in Germany, Metallica has performed the album Master of Puppets in its entirety as a homage to the album's twentieth anniversary of release and, more specifically, dedicating the song Orion to Cliff Burton. These concerts are the only times that Burton's Orion has been performed fully. The band has performed abbreviated versions of the song on many occasions, most notably as part of the bass solo during the "Wherever I May Roam" world tour from 1991-1993, and in November of 2005 during a pair of dates opening for the Rolling Stones.

Line-ups

Year	Band				Recordings
Year	Rhythm Guitarist Vocalist	Lead Guitarist	Bassist	Drummer	Recordings
1981	James Hetfield	Lloyd Grant	James Hetfield	Lars Ulrich	A version of Hit the Lights for Metal Massacre compilation
1982	James Hetfield	Dave Mustaine	Ron McGovney	Lars Ulrich	No Life 'Till Leather demo
1982-1983	James Hetfield	Dave Mustaine	Cliff Burton	Lars Ulrich	The Megaforce demo This line-up had no studio recordings, but wrote various tracks and contributions which subsequently appeared on Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning. The writing of this lineup is scattered throughout Metallica's early works. Dave Mustaine wrote many of the lead guitar parts in several songs on Kill 'Em All and Ride the Lightning, which Hammett later expanded upon.
1983-1986	James Hetfield	Kirk Hammett	Cliff Burton	Lars Ulrich	Kill 'Em All, Ride the Lightning, Master of Puppets
1986-2001	James Hetfield	Kirk Hammett	Jason Newsted	Lars Ulrich	Garage Days Re-Revisited, ...And Justice for All, Metallica, Load, ReLoad, Garage Inc., S&M
2001-2003	James Hetfield	Kirk Hammett	Bob RockBob Rock wasn't a permanent replacement for Newsted, only filling in on the bass tracks while being the producer of the album.	Lars Ulrich	St. Anger
2003-present	James Hetfield	Kirk Hammett	Robert Trujillo	Lars Ulrich	St. Anger live bonus disc, Some Kind Of Monster

Notes:

Temporary live members

"Damien Philips" (Jeff Warner) - Second guitarist for one gig in 1982 when James only sang due to breaking a bone while riding a skateboard.
John Marshall (Kirk Hammett's guitar technician, who also played for Metal Church) - Second guitarist for gigs whilst James was recovering from injuries (1986, broken wrist from skateboarding accident; 1992 burns from pyrotechnics suffered at Montreal's Olympic Stadium) when James only sang.
James injured his back while water-skiing prior to a July 7th, 2000 show at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. Korn, Kid Rock and System of a Down helped out.
Temporary drummers (when Lars Ulrich was unable to perform at 2004's Download Festival (June 6th) which should be noted that it is the only time that he has missed a whole concert): Dave Lombardo of Slayer, Joey Jordison of Slipknot, and Flemming Larsen (Ulrich's drum technician).

Discography

Main albums

Album Cover	Date of Release	Title	U.S. Sales	Chart positions
July, 1983	Kill 'Em All	3 million	U.S. #120 (1986)	Metallica's debut Thrash Metal pioneering album; Rights later sold to Elektra
November 16, 1984	Ride the Lightning	5 million	U.S. #100	Another influential release. The album includes popular tracks such as Fade To Black, Ride the Lightning, For Whom The Bell Tolls, and Creeping Death; Rights later sold to Elektra
February 21, 1986	Master of Puppets	6 million	U.S. #29	Metallica's first gold album. An album considered by some as one of the greatest heavy metal albums of all time.
October, 1987	$5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited" target="_blank" >^* (EP)	1 million	U.S. #28, UK #27	The Second Garage recording. The album consists of cover songs from artists who influenced Metallica in their early history. It is the first appearance of bass player Jason Newsted.
September 6, 1988	...And Justice for All	8 million	U.S. #6, UK #4	Metallica's most complex album, both musically and lyrically.
August 13, 1991	Metallica	14 million	U.S. #1, UK #1	Metallica's biggest seller and mainstream success; commonly referred to as The Black Album (due to its large black cover, camouflaged logo, and coiled snake)
November 23, 1993	Binge & Purge		U.S. #26	Live box-set album containing a 3 disc audio recording of a 1992 Mexico City show and a video of their 1992 San Diego show. The set included a video of a 1989 performance in Seattle.
June 4, 1996	Load	5 million	U.S. #1, UK #1	A very different musical direction for Metallica incorporating more hard rock/blues influences
November 18, 1997	ReLoad	3 million	U.S. #1, UK # 4	Continuation of the musical experimentation began on "Load". Adding more instruments (e.g. the Hurdy gurdy) and blues influence while using guest musicians on some tracks
November 24, 1998	Garage Inc.	5 million	U.S. #2, UK #29	A collection of covers, including the previous Garage releases, Garage Days and The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, as well as newly recorded cover material.
November 23, 1999	S&M	5 million	U.S. #2, UK #33	A collaboration with the San Francisco Symphony orchestra conducted by Michael Kamen (Symphony & Metallica), consisting of two live shows at the Berkeley Community Theatre in Berkeley, CA in April of '99
June 5, 2003	St. Anger	2 million	U.S. #1, UK #3	Metallica returns to a heavier, raw, more aggressive sound. The album receives mixed reviews.
June 13, 2004	Some Kind of Monster (EP)		U.S #37	Released in contribution to the Some Kind Of Monster documentary

(All album sales are based on U.S. totals. Including worldwide totals, Metallica has sold between 90-100 million albums.)

Outside of the USA and Canada, Metallica's recorded works are released by Vertigo/Universal.

Individual songs

"I Disappear", for the Impossible 2 soundtrack (MCA).
"We Did It Again" (ft. rapper Ja Rule), for the Biker Boyz soundtrack
"53rd and 3rd" & "Commando" (both Ramones covers), for "A Tribute to Ramones - We're a Happy Family" - Metallica chose between these two songs, and "53rd and 3rd" was chosen.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Irony of It All)" (with DJ Spooky), for the Spawn soundtrack
"Satan" Kirk Hammett (with Orbital), for the Spawn soundtrack
"Trinity" Kirk Hammett with Robert Randolph and Santana for the Santana album "All That I Am"
"Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Gone Out of Hand", James Hetfield for "I've Always Been Crazy: A Tribute to Waylon Jennings"
"Man or Ash" James Hetfield with Corrosion of Conformity for the Corrosion of Conformity album Wiseblood
"Twist of Cain", James Hetfield records backing vocals with Danzig for his self-titled debut.
"Hell Isn't Good", James Hetfield with DVDA for the Bigger, Longer & Uncut.

DVDs and videos

Cliff 'em All Release Date: December 4 1987
2 of One Release Date: June 20 1989
A Year and a half in the life of Metallica Release Date: November 17 1992
Binge & Purge Release Date: November 23 1993 (VHS) - DVD was released in late 2003
Cunning Stunts Release Date: December 8 1998
S&M Release Date: November 23 1999
Classic Albums: Metallica - The Black Album Release Date: November 6 2001
Some Kind of Monster Release Date: January 25 2005 in the U.S./Canada; release dates differ in other countries

Chart singles

Year	Song	U.S.	U.S. Mainstream Rock	U.S. Modern Rock	UK singles	Album
1983	"Whiplash"	-	-	-	-	Kill 'Em All
1984	"Jump in the Fire"	-	-	-	-	Kill 'Em All
1984	"Fade to Black"	-	-	-	-	Ride the Lightning
1984	"Creeping Death"	-	-	-	-	Ride the Lightning
1985	"For Whom the Bell Tolls"	-	-	-	-	Ride the Lightning
1988	"Harvester of Sorrow"	-	-	-	20	...And Justice for All
1989	"One"	35	-	-	13	...And Justice for All
1991	"Enter Sandman"	16	10	28	5	Metallica
1991	"The Unforgiven"	35	10	-	15	Metallica
1992	"Nothing Else Matters"	34	11	-	6	Metallica
1992	"Wherever I May Roam"	82	25	-	25	Metallica
1992	"Sad But True"	98	15	-	20	Metallica
1996	"Until It Sleeps"	10	1	27	5	Load
1996	"Ain't My Bitch"	-	15	-	-	Load
1996	"Hero of the Day"	60	1	-	17	Load
1996	"Mama Said"	-	-	-	19	Load
1997	"King Nothing"	90	6	-	-	Load
1997	"Bleeding Me"	-	6	-	-	Load
1997	"The Memory Remains"	28	3	-	13	ReLoad
1998	"The Unforgiven II"	59	2	-	15	ReLoad
1998	"Fuel"	-	6	-	31	ReLoad
1998	"Better Than You"	-	7	-	-	ReLoad
1998	"Turn the Page"	-	1	39	-	Garage Inc.
1999	"Whiskey in the Jar"	-	4	-	29	Garage Inc.
1999	"Die, Die My Darling"	-	26	-	-	Garage Inc.
2000	"Nothing Else Matters '99"	-	-	-	-	''S&M
2000	"No Leaf Clover"	74	1	18	-	S&M
2000	"I Disappear"	76	1	11	35	Impossible II#Soundtrack
2003	"St. Anger"	76	2	17	9	St. Anger
2003	"Frantic"	-	21	22	16	St. Anger
2004	"The Unnamed Feeling"	-	28	-	42	St. Anger
2004	"Some Kind of Monster"	-	19	40	-	St. Anger

Chart Singles Source link

Audio

Metallica Seek&Destroy sample.ogg of "Seek & Destroy" from Kill 'Em All
Metallica FadeToBlack sample.ogg of "Fade to Black" from Ride the Lightning
Metallica MasterOfPuppets sample.ogg of "Master Of Puppets" from Master of Puppets
Metallica One sample.ogg of "One" from ...And Justice for All
EnterSandman.ogg of "Enter Sandman" from Metallica
Metallica NothingElseMatters sample.ogg of "Nothing Else Matters" from Metallica

Awards

Metallica has won seven Grammy Awards:

1990: Best Metal Performance - "One"
1991: Best Metal Performance - "Stone Cold Crazy"
1992: Best Metal Performance With Vocal - Metallica
1999: Best Metal Performance - "Better than You"
2000: Best Hard Rock Performance - "Whiskey in the Jar"
2001: Best Rock Instrumental Performance - "The Call of Ktulu"
2004: Best Metal Performance - "St. Anger"

MTV Video Music Awards:

1992: Best Metal Video - "Enter Sandman"
1996: Best Metal Video - "Until it Sleeps"

American Music Awards:

1996: Favorite Artist: Heavy Metal/Hard Rock: Metallica - Re-Load
1996: Favorite Metal/Hard Rock Song - "Until it Sleeps"

Bammies:

1997: Outstanding Drummer: Lars Ulrich
1997: Outstanding Hard Rock Album: Re-Load

Billboard Music Awards:

1997: Billboard Rock and Roll Artist of the Year: Metallica (RIAA Diamond Award)

Governor's Award:

2004: Governor's Award - Metallica

Kerrang! awards:

2003: Hall of Fame

Other info

Trivia

They are one of the few world-recognized bands to have never officially released a greatest hits collection.
Ennio Morricone is the composer of the song "The Ecstasy of Gold" which Metallica used as an intro to all its live shows from late 1983 to 1995, and again from mid-1998 to the present day. The song is from the Sergio Leone movie, The Good, The Bad and The Ugly. It is performed in its own right on S&M - San Francisco Orchestra & Metallica.
Bay Area Metallibangers are Metallica fans from the Bay Area, California. The term was originated by the band, and the Bay Area Metallibangers were thanked in the liner notes in the albums Kill 'Em All, Ride The Lightning, and Master of Puppets.
The cartoon character Beavis (from Beavis and Butt-Head) wears a shirt with the Metallica logo on it; Butt-Head wears a shirt with an AC/DC logo. Metallica videos were featured several times on the show. When Butt-Head criticized the band and the videos, Beavis went ballistic and said he would kick Butt-Head's ass if he insulted Metallica again. Metallica was incidentally one of the few bands the show didn't completely roast with Beavis proclaiming that Metallica ruled.
Metallica will become eligible for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2008.
Metallica was interested in contributing a track to the album "Heavily Armed: A Punk Rock Tribute To Goro", but Drive-Thru Records did not think that Metallica qualified as a "punk" band, and they were refused.
Some notable people who nearly joined Metallica during the course of their career: John Bush of Anthrax and Armored Saint was suggested by Hetfield as a possible lead singer in the band's early days but declined the offer. Mike Inez (Alice in Chains, Ozzy Osbourne) and Les Claypool of Primus auditioned to replace Cliff Burton in 1986. Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity), Danny Lohner (ex live bassist for Nine Inch Nails), Scott Reeder (Kyuss), Jeordie White (ex Marilyn Manson), Chris Wyse (The Cult) and Eric Avery (ex Janes Addiction) all auditioned to replace Jason Newsted in 2003
Metallica is listed at #5 on VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock".^*
In 2003 an enhanced video on the St Anger album showed that a Metallica video game was in the works. However, later in 2005 this was cancelled.
Metallica originally wanted to title their debut album Metal Up Your Ass. The name was rejected by their record label; hence, Kill 'em All refers to record labels in particular.
"Metallicats" is a name given to fans of the band. It has also been used to refer to members of the band (for example, on the inside cover of the Garage, Inc. album.)

Appearances

"Welcome Home (Sanitarium)", "Orion", and "The Call of Ktulu" are prominently featured in the documentary film The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills, marking the first signifcant use of their music in feature films. The follow up film Revelations also uses the song "Fixxxer".
Their song "St. Anger" was the official theme song of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)'s SummerSlam pay-per-view event in August 2003.
Their song "Seek & Destroy" was also the Pro Wrestler Sting's Theme song in the late days of World Championship Wrestling ^*
"Seek & Destroy" is also featured on the PlayStation game WCW Backstage Assault as Sting's Theme Song.
The song "Enter Sandman" (remade by the British metal band Motörhead) was used as entrance music for Extreme Championship Wrestling's 'Sandman'. When Sandman came to WWE's version of ECW in 2006 he stopped using the theme music.
Metallica's cover of "The Wait" is featured in the movie School of Rock.
"Motorbreath" is featured in the movie Any Given Sunday.
"Fight Fire With Fire" is featured in the movie American Movie.
"Master of Puppets" is featured in the movie Old School.
Hot Wheels Turbo Racing, a game for the PlayStation, uses "Fuel" for the opening track.
The Kid Rock song "American Bad Ass" samples "Sad But True."
The video game Tony Hawk's Underground 2 features Metallica's "Whiplash" - a song from their first album Kill 'Em All.
Financial commentator Jim Cramer uses part of "Fuel" as the intro to his radio show and podcast.
The conservative talk show The Savage Nation features Metallica tracks in the introduction, and as bumper music.
NBC used "Fuel for Fire" as its main theme for NASCAR coverage from 2001 until 2004.
Metallica have had a number of songs covered by a Finnish classical trio called Apocalyptica playing cellos. Their first album, entitled simply Plays Metallica by Four Cellos, covered "Enter Sandman," "Master Of Puppets," "Harvester Of Sorrow," "The Unforgiven," "Sad But True," "Creeping Death," "Wherever I May Roam," and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)." The band has also covered "Fade To Black," "One," "For Whom The Bell Tolls." and "Nothing Else Matters" as well as other covers on their Inquisition Symphony album. Other Metallica songs covered by the quartet include "My Friend Of Misery," "Fight Fire With Fire," and "Until It Sleeps". They sometimes play "Seek & Destroy" live.
Pro-male agenda (or anti-feminist, if you will) radio talk show host Tom Leykis uses "Enter Sandman" as his show's intro music.
Professional hockey arenas, especially HP Pavilion of the San Jose Sharks, frequently play Metallica songs during intermissions.

Name usage

Victoria's Secret was sued in 1999 for selling a lip liner bearing the name Metallica.
Guerlain was sued in 2000, in a similar case, for selling a perfume line named 'Metallica.' ^*
Metallica Resources is a Canadian-based mining company.
In the Japanese comics/animation series Bastard!!, the kingdom that the main characters operate out of is named Metallicana in the original Japanese, in homage to one of the creator's favorite bands.

External links

Gourt Home::Gourt :: Metallica