Marcus Ulpius Traianus Major (Major in Latin for the elder) was the father of the emperor Trajan. He had a sister called Ulpia Traiana who was the paternal grandmother to future Roman Emperor Hadrian.

He had a distinguished civil and military career, commanding the Tenth Legion Fretensis during the Jewish War of 67-68 AD and being appointed consul in 70 AD. He was appointed Governor of Syria shortly afterwards.

In later life he served as Governor of the Spanish province of Baetica, and towards the end of his life was appointed Governor of the province of Asia, which today is the western portion of Asia Minor.

Marcus married a Roman woman called Marcia and they had two children, a daughter Ulpia Marciana and the future Emperor Trajan. He died some time before 100 AD.