Maffeo Pantaleoni (1857-1924) was an Italian economist, and a notable proponent of neoclassical economics (He was occasionally referrd to as "the Marshall of Italy").

Later in his life, before and during World War I, he became an ardent nationalist and anti-socialist politician, with close ties to the Fascist movement. He was Minister of Finance in the Carnaro government of Gabriele D'Annunzio at Fiume, which lasted for fifteen months between 1919 and 1920. Shortly before his death, he was appointed to the Italian Senate by Benito Mussolini.