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The Local Group is the group of galaxies that includes our galaxy, the Milky Way. The group comprises over 30 galaxies, with its gravitational center located somewhere between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. The galaxies of the Local Group cover a 10 million light year diameter (see 1 E22 m for distance comparisons). The group belongs to the Virgo Supercluster.
The two most massive members of the group are the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. These two barred spirals each have a system of satellite galaxies. The Milky Way's satellite system consists of Sag DEG, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, Canis Major Dwarf, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Draco Dwarf, Carina Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, Leo I, Leo II, Tucana Dwarf, and Ursa Major Dwarf. Andromeda's system comprises M32, M110, NGC 147, NGC 185, And I, And II, And III, And IV, And V, Pegasus dSph, Cassiopeia Dwarf, And VIII, And IX, and And X. M33, the third largest, and only ordinary spiral galaxy in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda galaxy but probably has Pisces Dwarf as a satellite. The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups.
List of Local Group galaxies
| Spiral galaxies | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| Milky Way | SBbc | n/a | most massive member |
| Andromeda Galaxy (M31, NGC 224) | SBb | Andromeda | largest member of the group, recently (as of 2006) discovered to also be a barred spiral |
| Triangulum Galaxy (M33, NGC 598) | SAc | Triangulum | only ordinary spiral galaxy and possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy? |
| Elliptical galaxies | |||
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| M110 (NGC 205) | E6p | Andromeda | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| M32 (NGC 221) | E2 | Andromeda | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Irregular galaxies | |||
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) | Ir+ | Cetus | |
| IC 10 | KBm or Ir+ | Cassiopeia | |
| Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) | SB(s)m pec | Tucana | satellite of Milky Way |
| Canis Major Dwarf | Irr | Canis Major | satellite of Milky Way |
| Pisces Dwarf (LGS3) | Irr | Pisces | satellite of the Triangulum Galaxy? |
| IC 1613 (DDO 8) | IAB(s)m V | Cetus | |
| Phoenix Dwarf | Irr | Phoenix | |
| Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) | Irr/SB(s)m | Dorado | satellite of Milky Way |
| Leo A (Leo III) | IBm V | Leo | |
| Sextans B (DDO 70) | Ir+IV-V | Sextans | |
| NGC 3109 | Ir+IV-V | Hydra | |
| Sextans A (DDO 75) | Ir+V | Sextans | |
| Dwarf elliptical galaxies | |||
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| NGC 147 (DDO 3) | dE5 pec | Cassiopeia | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| GR 8 (DDO 155) | Im V | ||
| SagDIG (Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy) | IB(s)m V | Sagittarius | |
| NGC 6822 (Barnard's Galaxy) | IB(s)m IV-V | Sagittarius | |
| Aquarius Dwarf (DDO 210) | Im V | Aquarius | |
| IC 5152 | IAB(s)m IV | Indus | |
| Pegasus Dwarf (Pegasus Dwarf Irregular, DDO 216) | Irr | Pegasus | |
| Dwarf spheroidal galaxies | |||
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| Cetus Dwarf | dSph/E4 | Cetus | |
| Andromeda III | dE2 | Andromeda | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| NGC 185 | dE3 pec | Cassiopeia | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Andromeda I | dE3 pec? | Andromeda | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30) | dE3 | Sculptor | satellite of Milky Way |
| Andromeda V | dSph | Andromeda | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Andromeda II | dE0 | Andromeda | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04) | dSph/E2 | Fornax | satellite of Milky Way |
| Carina Dwarf (E206-G220) | dE3 | Carina | satellite of Milky Way |
| Antlia Dwarf | dE3 | Antlia | |
| Leo I (DDO 74) | dE3 | Leo | satellite of Milky Way |
| Sextans Dwarf | dE3 | Sextans | satellite of Milky Way |
| Leo II (Leo B) | dE0 pec | Leo | satellite of Milky Way |
| Ursa Minor Dwarf | dE4 | Ursa Minor | satellite of Milky Way |
| Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) | dE0 pec | Draco | satellite of Milky Way |
| SagDEG (Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy) | dSph/E7 | Sagittarius | satellite of Milky Way |
| Tucana Dwarf | dE5 | Tucana | satellite of Milky Way |
| Cassiopeia Dwarf (Andromeda VII) | dSph | Cassiopeia | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (And VI) | dSph | Pegasus | satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy |
| Ursa Major Dwarf | dSph | Ursa Major | satellite of Milky Way |
| Identification Unclear | |||
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| Andromeda IV | Irr? | Andromeda | probably not a galaxy |
| UGC-A 86 (0355+66) | Irr, dE or S0 | Camelopardalis | |
| UGC-A 92 (EGB0427+63) | Irr or S0 | Camelopardalis | |
| Probable non-members | |||
| name | type | constellation | notes |
| NGC 404 | E0 or SA(s)0- | Andromeda | |
| NGC 1569 | Irp+ III-IV | Camelopardalis | |
| NGC 1560 (IC 2062) | Sd | Camelopardalis | |
| Camelopardalis A | Irr | Camelopardalis | |
| Argo Dwarf | Irr | Carina | |
| 2318-42 | Irr | Grus | |
| UKS 2323-326 | Irr | Sculptor | |
| UGC 9128 (DDO 187) | Irp+ | Boötes | |
| Palomar 12 (Capricornus Dwarf) | Capricornus | a globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy | |
| Palomar 4 (originally designated Ursa Major Dwarf) | Ursa Major | a globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy | |
| Sextans C | |||
See also
External links
- The Local Group of Galaxies, SEDS Messier pages
- A Survey of the Resolved Stellar Content of Nearby Galaxies Currently Forming Stars, Lowell Observatory
Grup Local | Den lokale galaksegruppe | Lokale Gruppe | Kohalik Galaktikarühm | Grupo Local | Loka Grupo | Groupe local | 국부은하군 | Lokalna Grupa | Gruppo Locale | הקבוצה המקומית | Lokális Galaxiscsoport | Lokale groep | 局部銀河群 | Grupa Lokalna Galaktyk | Местная группа | Miestna skupina galaxií | Paikallinen ryhmä | Lokala galaxhopen | 本星系群
"Local Group"