| State
| Government
| Head of state
| Head of government
|
|
| presidential republic
| |
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Alfred Moisiu
| Prime Minister Sali Berisha
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Abdelaziz Bouteflika
| Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste)
and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni)
| Head of Government Albert Pintat
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir James Carlisle
| Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Robert Kocharian
| Prime Minister Andranik Markaryan
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery
| Prime Minister John Howard
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Heinz Fischer
| Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel
|
|
| presidential republic
| President İlham Əliyev
| Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
|
| Bahamas, The
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna
| Prime Minister Perry Christie
|
|
| semi-constitutional monarchy
| King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa
| Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Iajuddin Ahmed
| Prime Minister Khaleda Zia
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husbands
| Prime Minister Owen Arthur
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Aleksandr Lukashenko
| Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Albert II
| Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Colville Young
| Prime Minister Said Musa
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| absolute monarchy
| King Jigme Singye Wangchuck
| Prime Minister Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| federal parliamentary representative democratic republic
| Tripartite presidency3: Chairmen of the Presidency Ivo Miro Jović, Sulejman Tihić, Borislav Paravac
| Prime Minister Adnan Terzić
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| absolute monarchy
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Georgi Parvanov
| Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Blaise Compaoré
| Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Norodom Sihamoni
| Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Paul Biya
| Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean
| Prime Minister Stephen Harper
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Pedro Pires
| Prime Minister José Maria Neves
|
|
| presidential republic
| President François Bozizé
| Prime Minister Élie Doté
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Idriss Déby
| Prime Minister Pascal Yoadimnadji
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
| China, People's Republic of
| Communist Party-led republic
| President Hu Jintao
| Premier Wen Jiabao
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the
| presidential republic
|
|
| Congo, Republic of the
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Laurent Gbagbo
| Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Stjepan Mesić
| Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
|
|
| Communist Party-led republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Václav Klaus
| Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| Queen Margrethe II
| Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Ismail Omar Guelleh
| Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Nicholas Liverpool
| Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Xanana Gusmão
| Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Hosni Mubarak
| Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
| Prime Minister Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Arnold Rüütel
| Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Girma Wolde-Giorgis
| Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Ratu Josefa Iloilo
| Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Tarja Halonen
| Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Jacques Chirac
| Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Omar Bongo
| Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong
|
| Gambia, The
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Mikhail Saakashvili
| Prime Minister Zurab Nogaideli
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Horst Köhler
| Chancellor Angela Merkel
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Karolos Papoulias
| Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Daniel Williams
| Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President João Bernardo Vieira
| Prime Minister Aristides Gomes
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Bharrat Jagdeo
| Prime Minister Sam Hinds
|
|
| presidential republic
| President René Préval
| Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President László Sólyom
| Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
| Prime Minister Geir Haarde
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Abdul Kalam
| Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| clerical republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Jalal Talabani
| Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
|
| Ireland, Republic of
| parliamentary republic
| President Mary McAleese
| Taoiseach Bertie Ahern
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Moshe Katsav
| Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Giorgio Napolitano
| Prime Minister Romano Prodi
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth Hall
| Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| (vacant) Emperor Akihito (de facto head of State for international commitments)5
| Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi
|
|
| semi-constitutional monarchy
| King Abdullah II
| Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Nursultan Nazarbayev
| Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
| Korea, North
| Communist Party-led republic
| Eternal President2 (the late) Kim Il Sung;
Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il (regarded as "highest administrative authority");
Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong Nam
| Premier Pak Pong Ju
|
| Korea, South
| presidential republic
| President Roh Moo Hyun
| Prime Minister Han Myung-Sook
|
|
| semi-constitutional monarchy
| Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
| Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Kurmanbek Bakiyev
| Prime Minister Feliks Kulov
|
|
| Communist Party-led republic
| President Choummaly Sayasone
| Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
| Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis
|
|
| semi-presidential confessional republic
| President Émile Lahoud
| Prime Minister Fouad Siniora
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Letsie III
| Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| jamahiriya
| President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi (de facto head of state)
| Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi
|
|
| semi-constitutional monarchy
| Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II;
Prince-Regent Alois
| Head of Government Otmar Hasler
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Valdas Adamkus
| Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| Grand Duke Henri
| Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
|
| Macedonia, Republic of
| semi-presidential republic
| President Branko Crvenkovski
| Prime Minister Vlado Bučkovski
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Marc Ravalomanana
| Prime Minister Jacques Sylla
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail
| Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Amadou Toumani Touré
| Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Edward Fenech Adami
| Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| military junta
| Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall
| Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Sir Anerood Jugnauth
| Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Vladimir Voronin
| Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev
|
|
| constitutional monarchy
| Sovereign Prince Albert II
| Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Nambaryn Enkhbayar
| Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Filip Vujanović
| Prime Minister Milo Đukanović
|
|
| semi-constitutional monarchy
| King Muhammad VI
| Prime Minister Driss Jettou
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| military junta without representative institutions
| Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Sr. Gen. Than Shwe
| Prime Minister Soe Win
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential-parliamentary republic
|
|
|
| absolute monarchy
| King Gyanendra
| Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| Queen Beatrix
| Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright
| Prime Minister Helen Clark
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Tandja Mamadou
| Prime Minister Hama Amadou
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Harald V
| Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
|
|
| absolute monarchy
|
|
|
| Military dictatorship, with limited right to adult franchise
| President General Pervez Musharraf
| Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
| (Disputed area)
| interim national administration (PNA)
| President Mahmoud Abbas
| Prime Minister Ismail Haniya
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Paulias Matane
| Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Alejandro Toledo
| Prime Minister Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Lech Kaczyński
| Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Aníbal Cavaco Silva
| Prime Minister José Sócrates
|
|
| absolute monarchy
| Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani
| Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Traian Băsescu
| Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Vladimir Putin
| Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Paul Kagame
| Prime Minister Bernard Makuza
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian
| Prime Minister Denzil Douglas
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy
| Prime Minister Kenny Anthony
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne
| Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| O le Ao o le Malo Malietoa Tanumafili II
| Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| Captains-Regent Gianfranco Terenzi and Loris Francini
| Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio Berardi
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Fradique de Menezes
| Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz
|
|
| absolute monarchy
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Abdoulaye Wade
| Prime Minister Macky Sall
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Boris Tadić
| Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Sellapan Ramanathan
| Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Ivan Gašparovič
| Prime Minister Robert Fico
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Janez Drnovšek
| Prime Minister Janez Janša
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Nathaniel Waena
| Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
|
|
| de jure semi-presidential state
| President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
| Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Juan Carlos I
| President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| absolute monarchy
| King Mswati III
| Prime Minister Themba Dlamini
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Carl XVI Gustaf
| Prime Minister Göran Persson
|
|
| parliamentary republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Bashar al-Assad
| Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
|
| Taiwan (Republic of China)
| semi-presidential republic
| President Chen Shui-bian
| Premier Su Tseng-chang
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Imomali Rakhmonov
| Prime Minister Akil Akilov
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Bhumibol Adulyadej
| Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Faure Gnassingbé
| Prime Minister Edem Kodjo
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy
| King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV
| Prime Minister Dr. Feleti Sevele
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President George Maxwell Richards
| Prime Minister Patrick Manning
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
| Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Ahmet Necdet Sezer
| Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito
| Prime Minister Maatia Toafa
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| semi-presidential republic
| President Viktor Yushchenko
| Prime Minister Yurii Yekhanurov
|
|
| semi-constitutional monarchy
| President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan
| Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
|
|
| parliamentary monarchy1
| Queen Elizabeth II
| Prime Minister Tony Blair
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| parliamentary republic
| President Kalkot Mataskelekele
| Prime Minister Ham Lini
|
|
| sacerdotal state
| Pope Benedict XVI
| Secretary of State Angelo Cardinal Sodano;
Governor Edmund Cardinal Szoka
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| Communist Party-led republic
| President Nguyen Minh Triet
| Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung
|
| (SADR)
| Largely occupied by Morocco, government in exile administers some territory.
| President Mohamed Abdelaziz
| Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar
|
|
| presidential republic
| President Ali Abdullah Saleh
| Prime Minister Abdul Qader Bajamal
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
|
| presidential republic
|
|
"List of state leaders"