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The following is a List of leaders of Afghanistan, beginning with the rulers of the Durrani Empire. Control over what is now known as Afghanistan passed between various foreign invaders and small fiefdoms until the creation of the Durrani Empire in 1747. The Durrani Dynasty that controlled the empire continued to rule over Afghanistan long after the fall of their empire. In 1818, Dost Mohammad Khan overthrew the Durrani Dynasty and established the Barakzai Dynasty which, except for two brief periods of time, controlled the country until 1973, when the first Republic of Afghanistan was founded. Following the overthrow of the republic and the establishment of a communist state, control of Afghanistan was technically in the hands of various PDPA, though the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics held the real power in the country. After the fall of the communist government in 1992, control was vested in the hands of a mujahadeen-run government. However, political infighting and civil war led to Afghanistan being controlled by numerous warlords. In 1996, the Taliban seized control of 80%-90% of the country and established the fundamentalist Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Following the 2001 US-led invasion of Afghanistan, the mujahadeen government briefly returned to power, only to cede control over to a transitional government led by Hamid Karzai. In 2004, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was founded, and in October of that year, Karzai was elected its first president.

The Emirate of Afghanistan

Durrani Dynasty

Barakzai Dynasty

Durrani Dynasty (restored)

Barakzai Dynasty (restored)

The Kingdom of Afghanistan

Barakzai Dynasty

Illegitimate King

Barakzai Dynasty (restored)

The 1st Republic of Afghanistan

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan

Islamic State of Afghanistan

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Islamic State of Afghanistan (restored)

Transitional State of Afghanistan

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Prime Ministers of Afghanistan

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Prime ministers >
Tenure Incumbent - Notes
25 October 1927 to January 1929Sardar Shir Ahmad, Padshah-i Afghanistan  
January 1929 to 1 November 1929Shir Giyan, Padshah-i Afghanistan  
14 November 1929 to 1937Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, Padshah-i Afghanistan  
1937 to May 1946Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, De Afghanistan Bacha Pashto made official language of Afghanistan
May 1946 to 7 September 1953Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan  
7 September 1953 to 10 March 1963Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan  
10 March 1963 to 2 November 1965Mohammad Yusuf  
2 November 1965 to 11 October 1967Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal  
11 October 1967 to 1 November 1967Abdullah Yaqta, interim Prime Minister  
1 November 1967 to 9 June 1971Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi  
9 June 1971 to 12 December 1972Abdul Zahir  
12 December 1972 to 17 July 1973Mohammad Musa Shafiq  
1 May 1978 to 27 March 1979Nur Mohammad TarakiKhalq 
27 March 1979 to 27 December 1979Hafizullah AminKhalq 
27 December 1979 to 11 June 1981Babrak KarmalParcham  
11 June 1981 to 26 May 1988Sultan Ali Keshtmand 1st Term
26 May 1988 to 21 February 1989Mohammad Hassan SharqParcham 
21 February 1989 to 8 May 1990Sultan Ali KeshtmandParcham2nd Term
8 May 1990 to 15 April 1992Fazal Haq Khaliqyar  
6 July 1992 to 15 August 1992Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani  
17 June 1993 to 28 June 1994Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 1st Term
November 1994 to 1995Arsala Rahmani, acting Prime Minister  
1995 to 26 June 1996Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai, acting Prime Minister  
26 June 1996 to 27 September 1996Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 2nd Term
27 September 1996 to 11 August 1997 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
11 August 1997 to 21 August 1997Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
August 1997 to 2001Abdul Ghafoor Rawan Farhadi Under Burhanuddin Rabbani

See also: List of Afghan Transitional Administration personnel, History of Afghanistan

Lists of office-holders | Government of Afghanistan | History of Afghanistan | Afghan heads of state

Seznam představitelů Afghánistánu | Liste der Staatsoberhäupter Afghanistans | Afganistani riigipeade loend | Elenco dei capi di stato afghani | アフガニスタンの国家元首の一覧 | Liste over Afghanistans ledere | Lista över Afghanistans statsöverhuvuden

 

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