The following is a list of esoteric programming languages (programming languages designed as a proof of concept, to test the boundaries of computer language definition, or as jokes, and not with the intention of being adopted for real-world programming).

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0–9

• []
• 0x29A
• 2L
• 4DL, a 4-dimensional funge

A

• Ale
• ALPACA, a meta-language for programming arbitrary cellular automata
• Arbol ^*, a small functional programming language
• ARCAL, a language for cellular automata
• Argh!, A fungeoid with complex data storage.
• Aura, a brainfuck descendant

B

• B5, a functional macro processor
• BAK
• BANCStar
• BDAMD
• Beatnik
• Befreak
• Befunge, the canonical funge
• beta-Juliet
• BFM, a brainfuck variant with macros
• BIT, where the basic types are the bit and the address-of-a-bit
• BlooP
• BogusForth ^*
• Boolfuck
• Braincopter, an image based brainfuck clone
• brainfuck, designed to have the smallest compiler ever
• Brainfork, a multi-threaded brainfuck variant
• Braintwist, a more complex brainfuck.
• Brainloller, an image based brainfuck clone
• Bub, a brainfuck variant
• Bubble
• Bullfrog

C

• C-, a fictional joke language
• Chef
• Choon
• Condit
• COW
• C-P-L, a language in which a non-comment is a syntax error (but on the plus side, all styles of comments are supported, and comments may be arbitrarily nested).
• Cupid

D

• Dis, a variant of Malbolge
• DOGO, a fictional joke language
• Doublefuck, an extended version of brainfuck

E

• Emoticon ^*
• Enema programming language ^*

• ETA

F

• FALSE
• FIFTH, a fictional joke language
• FiPL Fish Programming language (half-joke, a parody on programming language paradigms)
• Flatline, a brainfuck derivative
• Flip, which is … well … flipped
• FlooP
• Fm (programming languages), based on a five character brainfuck derivative
• Fromage
• Fuckfuck (also known as F*ckF*ck, FeckFeck and FF)

G

• Gammaplex, a 2-dimensional programming language with graphical output and mouse input
• Gorby
• GOTO++
• GPLZ

H

• Haifu
• Hanoi love, a Spaz derivative
• hBefunge, a superset of Befunge-93
• HELP, HELP stands for Hellish & Esoteric Language for Palm
• Homespring, an excessively high-level language, where the instructions are English sentences based around the metaphor of a mountainside river.
• HQ9+
• HQ9++
• Huby, a very simple and easy to learn language.
• Hunter, a language related to noit o’ mnain worb and RUBE

I

• iag
• Illberon, a variant of ILLGOL
• ILLGOL
• Illgola-2, a variant of ILLGOL
• Illgol##, a variant of ILLGOL
• INTERCAL
• Iota

J

• Java2K, a probabilistic language
• Jot
• Justif & Recursion

K

• Kipple, a minimalistic programming language where all data manipulation is done with stacks of integers
• Kvikkalkul

L

• L
• l33t, inspired by brainfuck and Beatnik, source code is entered as 'l33t 5p34k'
• Lambda programming language, lambda calculus + neumann = self-modifying code
• LAIDBACK, a fictional joke language
• Lazy K
• LITHP, a fictional joke language
• L00P, a brainfuck-style language

M

• Magenta
• Malbolge
• MDPN, a meta-language extending the EBNF
• MISC, an alternative to CISC and RISC
• Muriel, a quine-based language
• Mycelium, a 2-dimensional image based language where the code is read from a png image

N

• Nil programming language, a nihilistic programming language
• noit o' mnain worb, a particle automaton
• nouse
• NULL ^*, zero-dimensional language
• Numberix, a language that has been compared to fungeoid machine code
• Nietzsche, a hexadecimal language

O

• Obfuna, single character instructions for unary operations
• ODDBALL
• OISC, one instruction set computer
• Ook!, a brainfuck-style language
• Oroogu, a descendant of Q-BAL
• Orthagonal, a two-dimensional stack-based language
• OrthINTERCAL, a combination of Orthogonal and INTERCAL
• Orthogonal, successor of Orthagonal
• OWL, a stack-based language related to FALSE and BogusForth

P

• P programming language
• PATH, derived from brainfuck
• pax
• Perligata, Latinized Perl
• Piet, an art-based programming language

Q

• Q-BAL, a queue-based language
• QUATRE-CALC, a can (BIDON in French) based language, with only one arithmetic instruction: POUR a CAN into another one.
• QUOTE, a brainfuck-inspired language written to be a wrapper around Perl and C

R

• REDCODE ^*, assembly code used in Corewars
• REDGREEN, an update of RUBE
• reMorse
• RENE
• REVERSE
• RUBE, not quite a cellular automaton

S

• S0
• SADOL
• Sally
• Sansism, a mixture of Befunge and brainfuck
• SARTRE, a fictional joke language
• Shakespeare^*, whose programs vaguely resemble Shakespearean plays
• Shelta, sometimes described as a minimal version of FALSE
• SIMPLE, a fictional joke language
• SLOBOL, a fictional joke language
• SMETANA^*
• SMITH^*, successor of SMETANA
• SMITH#, described as "the future of GOTO"
• Smurf, a stripped-down version of Muriel
• SNUSP
• SON-OF-UNBABTIZED
• SORTA
• Sorted!
• Spaghetti
• Spiral
• Spoon, a brainfuck derivative
• Sqirrel - Peter
• SQUISHY, a language based on semi-Thue grammars

T

• Tamerlane
• Taxi
• thETA, a threaded version of ETA
• THRAT
• Thue, successor of SQUISHY
• TMMLPTEALPAITAFNFAL
• Toadskin ^*
• Tory^*
• TRANSCRIPT
• TRUE ^*, a variant of FALSE
• TURKEY BOMB
• TWiRQ ^*, a two-dimensional language

U

• Unary, a joke language where brainfuck code is converted to the unary number system
• UNBABTIZED
• UNITY, a programming language without program flow.
• Unlambda, a minimal functional language based on the s and k combinators
• URISC, a machine with only one instruction

V

• VALGOL, a fictional joke language
• var'aq ^*, a Klingon programming language

W

• *W
• Waduzitdo
• Who, The Sleeping Programming Language
• Whenever, a language with no sense of urgency
• Whirl, two instructions to rotate two rings
• Whitespace, only spaces, tabs and newlines are considered syntax
• Wierd
• Wiki, whose programs consist of machine code encoded as Wikipedia articles.

X

• XS, an XML-based language

Y

• Y, a FALSE-like language

Z

• ZT, a fungeoid

See also

• Hello world program in esoteric languages
• List of programming languages
• Turing tarpit

External links

• Esolang wiki, a wiki devoted entirely to esoteric programming languages
• New Cat's Eye Technologies Site
• Cat's Eye Technologies: Esoteric topics in computer programming (archived version from the Wayback Machine)
• Ryan Kusnery's list of weird programming languages
• The retrocomputing museum
• Lesser-Known Programming Languages
• The Turing tarpit
• C2 WikiWeb
• http://dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Obfuscated/

Esoteric programming languages

Liste esoterischer Programmiersprachen | Lista de lenguajes de programación esotéricos