List of elements by symbol

This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the current symbols used to identify the chemical elements as recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, as well as proposed and historical symbols. Also given is each element's atomic number, atomic mass or most stable isotope, group and period numbers on the periodic table, and origin of the symbol if not obvious from the current name of the element.

Current symbols

Symbol	Name	Origin of Symbol	Atomic Number	Atomic Mass	Group	Period
Ac	Actinium		89	^*		7
Ag	Silver	Latin Argentum	47	107.8682(2)	11	5
Al	Aluminium (Aluminum)		13	26.9815386(8)	13	3
Am	Americium		95	^*		7
Ar	Argon		18	39.948(1)	18	3
As	Arsenic		33	74.92160(2)	15	4
At	Astatine		85	^*	17	6
Au	Gold	Latin Aurum	79	196.966569(4)	11	6
B	Boron		5	10.811(7)	13	2
Ba	Barium		56	137.327(7)	2	6
Be	Beryllium		4	9.012182(3)	2	2
Bh	Bohrium		107	^*	7	7
Bi	Bismuth		83	208.98040(1)	15	6
Bk	Berkelium		97	^*		7
Br	Bromine		35	79.904(1)	17	4
C	Carbon		6	12.0107(8)	14	2
Ca	Calcium		20	40.078(4)	2	4
Cd	Cadmium		48	112.411(8)	12	5
Ce	Cerium		58	140.116(1)		6
Cf	Californium		98	^*		7
Cl	Chlorine		17	35.453(2)	17	3
Cm	Curium		96	^*		7
Co	Cobalt		27	58.933195(5)	9	4
Cr	Chromium		24	51.9961(6)	6	4
Cs	Caesium (Cesium)		55	132.9054519(2)	1	6
Cu	Copper	Latin Cuprum	29	63.546(3)	11	4
Db	Dubnium		105	^*	5	7
Ds	Darmstadtium		110	^*	10	7
Dy	Dysprosium		66	162.500(1)		6
Er	Erbium		68	167.259(3)		6
Es	Einsteinium		99	^*		7
Eu	Europium		63	151.964(1)		6
F	Fluorine		9	18.9984032(5)	17	2
Fe	Iron	Latin Ferrum	26	55.845(2)	8	4
Fm	Fermium		100	^*		7
Fr	Francium		87	^*	1	7
Ga	Gallium		31	69.723(1)	13	4
Gd	Gadolinium		64	157.25(3)		6
Ge	Germanium		32	72.64(1)	14	4
H	Hydrogen		1	1.00794(7)	1	1
He	Helium		2	4.002602(2)	18	1
Hf	Hafnium		72	178.49(2)	4	6
Hg	Mercury	Latin Hydrargyrum	80	200.59(2)	12	6
Ho	Holmium		67	164.930 32(2)		6
Hs	Hassium		108	^*	8	7
I	Iodine		53	126.904 47(3)	17	5
In	Indium		49	114.818(3)	13	5
Ir	Iridium		77	192.217(3)	9	6
K	Potassium (Kalium)	Latin Kalium	19	39.0983(1)	1	4
Kr	Krypton		36	83.798(2)	18	4
La	Lanthanum		57	138.90547(7)		6
Li	Lithium		3	6.941(2)	1	2
Lr	Lawrencium		103	^*	3	7
Lu	Lutetium		71	174.967(1)	3	6
Md	Mendelevium		101	^*		7
Mg	Magnesium		12	24.3050(6)	2	3
Mn	Manganese		25	54.938045(5)	7	4
Mo	Molybdenum		42	95.94(2)	6	5
Mt	Meitnerium		109	^*	9	7
N	Nitrogen		7	14.0067(2)	15	2
Na	Sodium	Latin Natrium	11	22.98976928(2)	1	3
Nb	Niobium		41	92.906 38(2)	5	5
Nd	Neodymium		60	144.242(3)		6
Ne	Neon		10	20.1797(6)	18	2
Ni	Nickel		28	58.6934(2)	10	4
No	Nobelium		102	^*		7
Np	Neptunium		93	^*		7
O	Oxygen		8	15.9994(3)	16	2
Os	Osmium		76	190.23(3)	8	6
P	Phosphorus		15	30.973762(2)	15	3
Pa	Protactinium		91	231.03588(2)		7
Pb	Lead	Latin Plumbum	82	207.2(1)	14	6
Pd	Palladium		46	106.42(1)	10	5
Pm	Promethium		61	^*		6
Po	Polonium		84	^*	16	6
Pr	Praseodymium		59	140.90765(2)		6
Pt	Platinum		78	195.084(9)	10	6
Pu	Plutonium		94	^*		7
Ra	Radium		88	^*	2	7
Rb	Rubidium		37	85.4678(3)	1	5
Re	Rhenium		75	186.207(1)	7	6
Rf	Rutherfordium		104	261	4	7
Rg	Roentgenium		111	^*	11	7
Rh	Rhodium		45	102.905 50(2)	9	5
Rn	Radon		86	^*	18	6
Ru	Ruthenium		44	101.07(2)	8	5
S	Sulfur		16	32.065(5)	16	3
Sb	Antimony	Latin Stibium	51	121.760(1)	15	5
Sc	Scandium		21	44.955912(6)	3	4
Se	Selenium		34	78.96(3)	16	4
Sg	Seaborgium		106	^*	6	7
Si	Silicon	Latin Silicium	14	28.0855(3)	14	3
Sm	Samarium		62	150.36(2)		6
Sn	Tin	Latin Stannum	50	118.710(7)	14	5
Sr	Strontium		38	87.62(1)	2	5
Ta	Tantalum		73	180.94788(2)	5	6
Tb	Terbium		65	158.92535(2)		6
Tc	Technetium		43	^*	7	5
Te	Tellurium		52	127.60(3)	16	5
Th	Thorium		90	232.03806(2)		7
Ti	Titanium		22	47.867(1)	4	4
Tl	Thallium		81	204.3833(2)	13	6
Tm	Thulium		69	168.93421(2)		6
U	Uranium		92	238.02891(3)		7
Uub	Ununbium		112	^*	12	7
Uuh	Ununhexium		116	^*	16	7
Uup	Ununpentium		115	^*	15	7
Uuq	Ununquadium		114	^*	14	7
Uut	Ununtrium		113	^*	13	7
V	Vanadium		23	50.9415(1)	5	4
W	Tungsten	German Wolfram	74	183.84(1)	6	6
Xe	Xenon		54	131.293(6)	18	5
Y	Yttrium		39	88.90585(2)	3	5
Yb	Ytterbium		70	173.04(3)		6
Zn	Zinc		30	65.409(4)	12	4
Zr	Zirconium		40	91.224(2)	4	5

Symbols not currently used

Chemical Symbol	Name	Atomic Number	Source
A	Argon	18	Current symbol is Ar.
Ab	Alabamine	85	Discredited claim to discovery of astatine.
Am	Alabamium	85	Discredited claim to discovery of astatine.
An	Actinon	86	Name given at one time to an isotope of radon identified in the decay chain of actinium.
An	Athenium	99	Proposed name for einsteinium.
Ao	Ausonium	93	Discredited claim to discovery of neptunium.
Az	Azote	7	Former name for nitrogen.
Bv	Brevium	91	Former name for protactinium.
Bz	Berzelium	59	Suggested name for praseodymium.
Cb	Columbium	41	Former name of niobium.
Cb	Columbium	95	Suggested name for americium.
Cp	Cassiopeium	71	Former name for lutetium.
Ct	Centurium	100	Proposed name for fermium.
Ct	Celtium	72	Former name of hafnium.
Da	Danubium	43	Suggested name for technetium.
Db	Dubnium	104	Proposed name for rutherfordium. The symbol and name were used for element 105.
Di	Didymium	-	Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements praseodymium and neodymium.
Dp	Decipium	-	Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture primarily of samarium, neodymium and praseodymium.
Eb	Ekaboron	21	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, scandium closely matched the prediction.
El	Ekaaluminium	31	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, gallium closely matched the prediction.
Em	Ekamangan	43	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, technetium closely matched the prediction.
Es	Ekasilicon	32	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, germanium closely matched the prediction.
Es	Esperium	94	Discredited claim to discovery of plutonium.
Fa	Francium	87	Current symbol is Fr.
Fr	Florentium	61	Discredited claim to discovery of promethium.
Gl	Glucinium	4	Former name of beryllium.
Ha	Hahnium	105	Proposed name for dubnium.
Ha	Hahnium	108	Proposed name for hassium.
Il	Illinium	61	Discredited claim to discovery of promethium.
Io	Ionium	90	Name given at one time to an isotope of thorium identified in the decay chain of uranium.
J	Iodine	53	In some languages, the name for iodine begins with J instead of I.
Jg	Jargonium	72	Discredited claim to discovery of hafnium.
Jo	Joliotium	105	Proposed name for dubnium.
Ku	Kurchatovium	104	Proposed name for rutherfordium.
Lw	Lawrencium	103	Current symbol is Lr.
M	Muriaticum	17	Former name of chlorine.
Ma	Masurium	43	Disputed claim to discovery of technetium.
Md	Mendelevium	97	Proposed name for berkelium. The symbol and name were later used for element 101.
Me	Mendelevium	64	Suggested name for erbium.
Ms	Masrium	49	Discredited claim of discovery of a new element.
Mt	Meitnium	91	Suggested name for protactinium.
Mv	Mendelevium	101	Current symbol is Md.
Ng	Norwegium	72	Discredited claim to discovery of hafnium.
Ni	Niton	86	Former name for radon.
No	Norium	72	Discredited claim to discovery of hafnium.
Ns	Nielsbohrium	105	Proposed name for dubnium.
Ns	Nielsbohrium	107	Proposed name for bohrium.
Nt	Niton	86	Suggested name for radon.
Nw	Newtonian	67	Suggested name for holmium.
Ny	Neoytterbium	70	Former name of ytterbium.
Od	Odinium	62	Suggested name for samarium.
Pc	Policium	110	Proposed name for darmstadtium.
Pe	Pelopium	41	Former name for niobium.
Po	Potassium	19	Current symbol is K.
Pp	Philippium	-	Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of other elements.
Rf	Rutherfordium	106	Proposed name for seaborgium. The symbol and name were instead used for element 104.
Sa	Samarium	62	Current symbol is Sm.
So	Sodium	11	Current symbol is Na.
Sp	Spectrium	70	Proposed name for ytterbium.
St	Antimony	51	Current symbol is Sb.
Tn	Thoron	86	Name given at one time to an isotope of radon identified in the decay chain of thorium.
Tn	Tungsten	74	Current symbol is W.
Tu	Thulium	69	Current symbol is Tm.
Tu	Tungsten	74	Current symbol is W.
Ty	Tyrium	60	Proposed name for neodymium.
Unb	Unnilbium	102	Temporary name given to nobelium until the permanent name was chosen.
Une	Unnilennium	109	Temporary name given to meitnerium until the permanent name was chosen.
Unh	Unnilhexium	106	Temporary name given to seaborgium until the permanent name was chosen.
Uno	Unniloctium	108	Temporary name given to hassium until the permanent name was chosen.
Unp	Unnilpentium	105	Temporary name given to dubnium until the permanent name was chosen.
Unq	Unnilquadium	104	Temporary name given to rutherfordium until the permanent name was chosen.
Uns	Unnilseptium	107	Temporary name given to bohrium until the permanent name was chosen.
Unt	Unniltrium	103	Temporary name given to lawrencium until the permanent name was chosen.
Unu	Unnilunium	101	Temporary name given to mendelevium until the permanent name was chosen.
Uun	Ununnilium	110	Temporary name given to darmstadtium until the permanent name was chosen.
Uuu	Unununium	111	Temporary name given to roentgenium until the permanent name was chosen.
Vi	Virginium	87	Discredited claim to discovery of francium.
Vm	Virginium	87	Discredited claim to discovery of francium.
Yt	Yttrium	39	Current symbol is Y.

The meaning of symbols in Why Not Used
A: The symbol was a standard one before, but withdrawn.
D: The name/symbol was created by discredited claim.
J: The symbol was a unofficial alternative one.
M: The name/symbol was a former (proposed) one, and did not become a standard one ever.
Q: The name/symbol was a suggested one, and was not become a candidate one.
R: The name/symbol was a proposed candidate one, but either not adopted or then belonged to another element.
T: The name/symbol was a isotope's one.

Other symbols that look like element symbols

Ab: albite
Et: ethyl
Me: methyl
Ph: phenyl
Pr: propyl (also used for the element praseodymium: see above)
R: some unspecified element or radical

Notes

The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. ^*, indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.
The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.

References

Element name etymologies. Retrieved July 15, 2005.
Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107-1122, 2003. Retrieved June 30, 2005. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1-109 taken from this source.
IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
WebElements Periodic Table. Retrieved June 30, 2005. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 110-116 taken from this source.

External links

Chemical elements