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Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian language: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у) (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His accomplishments include the co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second order phase transitions, the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, and the two-component theory of neutrinos. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on superfluidity.
Early years
Landau was born January 22, 1908 in Baku, Azerbaijan. Recognized very early as a child prodigy in mathematics, Landau was quoted as saying in later life that he scarcely remembered a time when he was not familiar with calculus. At the age of 14 (delayed at his parents' request for a year during which he attended the Baku Economic Technicum), he enrolled at Baku University in 1922, studying in two departments simultaneously: the Physico-mathematical and the Chemical. In 1924 he moved to the Physics Department of Leningrad University, graduating with a doctorate in 1927.The Landau school
Apart from his theoretical accomplishments, Landau was the principal founder of a great tradition of theoretical physics in the Soviet Union, sometimes referred to as the "Landau school". He was the head of the Theoretical Division at the Institute for Physical Problems from 1937 until 1962 when, as a result of a road accident, he suffered injuries from which he was never fully to recover. His students include Alexei Abrikosov, Evgeny Lifshitz, Lev Gor'kov, Isaak Khalatnikov, and Boris L. Ioffe.Landau developed a comprehensive exam called the "Theoretical Minimum" which students were expected to pass before admission to the school. The exam covered all aspects of theoretical physics, and only 43 candidates ever passed.
He also co-authored, with Lifshitz, a beloved series of graduate-level physics textbooks that are still widely used.
Landau and Lifshitz Course of Theoretical Physics
- vol. 1: "Mechanics". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz
- vol. 2: "The Classical Theory of Fields". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz
- vol. 3: "Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz
- vol. 4: "Quantum Electrodynamics". V. B. Berestetskii, E. M. Lifshitz and L. P. Pitaevskii
- vol. 5: "Statistical Physics Pt. 1". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz
- vol. 6: "Fluid Mechanics". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz
- vol. 7: "Theory of Elasticity". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz
- vol. 8: "Electrodynamics of Continuous Media". L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz and L. P. Pitaevskii
- vol. 9: "Statistical Physics Pt. 2". E. M. Lifshitz, L. P. Pitaevskii
- vol. 10: "Physical Kinetics". E. M. Lifshitz, L. P. Pitaevskii
Books about Landau
- Dorozynski, Alexander (1965). The Man They Wouldn't Let Die. (After Landau's 1962 car accident, the physics community around him rallied to attempt to save his life. They managed to prolong his life until 1968.)
- Landau-Drobantseva, Kora (1999). Professor Landau: How We Lived (in Russian)
See also
External links
- Lev Davidovich Landau
- Landau’s Theoretical Minimum, Landau’s Seminar, ITEP in the Beginning of the 1950’s by Boris L. Ioffe, Concluding talk at the workshop QCD at the Threshold of the Fourth Decade/Ioeffest.
1908 births | 1968 deaths | Contributors to general relativity | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Soviet physicists
Jewish scientists | Alumni of St. Petersburg State University | People from Baku
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"Lev Landau"