Lemon balm

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), not to be confused with Bee Balm, Monarda species, is a perennial herb in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region.

It grows to 70-150 cm tall. The leaves have a gentle lemon scent, related to mint. At the end of the summer, little white flowers full of nectar appear. These attract bees, hence the genus name Melissa (Greek for 'honey bee'). Its flavour comes from the terpenes citronellal, citronellol, citral, and geraniol.

Cultivation and Use

Cultivation

This herb can be easy to cultivate in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 4 to 9. In zone 4, it needs winter mulch and a well-drained sandy soil to survive. In zone 7, it can be harvested at least until the end of November. It is moderately shade-tolerant, much more so than most herbs. In dry climates, it grows best in partial shade.

Lemon Balm grows in clumps and spreads vegetatively as well as by seed. In mild temperate zones, the stems of the plant die off at the start of the winter, but shoot up again in spring. It can be easily grown from stem cuttings rooted in water, or from seeds. Under ideal conditions, it will seed itself prolifically and can become a nuisance in gardens.

Food & Drink

It is used as a flavouring in tisane and ice cream, but its most common use is to make herbal teas. It makes a particularly refreshing iced tea, especially when mixed with other herbs such as spearmint. It is also often paired with fruit dishes or candies.

Lemon balm essential oil is very popular in aromatherapy. The essential oil is commonly co-distilled with lemon oil, citronella oil, or other oils.

Medicinal Uses

The crushed leaves, when rubbed on the skin, are used as a repellant for mosquitos.

Lemon Balm is also used medicinally as an herbal tea, or in extract form. It is claimed to have antibacterial, antiviral properties, and it is also used as a mild sedative or calming agent. It has been demonstrated effective at reducing stress in a laboratory experiment, although the authors call for further studies. Its antibacterial properties have also been demonstrated scientifically, although they are markedly weaker than those from a number of other plants studied.

Gallery

Image:Melissa1.jpg Image:Melissa officinalis01.jpg|Leaves Image:Melissa officinalis1.jpg

References

Mrs M. Grieve, A Modern Herbal: Lemon Balm
D.O. Kennedy, W. Little, A.B. Scholey. "Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm)" Psychosom Med. Vol. 66, No. 4, pg 607-613. (2004)
G.G.F. Nascimento, J. Locatelli, P. C. Freitas, G.L. Silva. "Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on Antibiotic-resistant bacteria" Brazilian Jorunal of Microbiology, Vol. 31, No. 4. (2002)