This societal model has been developed in Germany by the orientalist Bassam Tibi. In his book 'Europa ohne Identität' ('Europe with no identity'), communities within a country can have an identity of their own, but they should at least support the core concepts of the culture on which the society is based. In the West these concepts are democracy, separation of church and state, and civil society. This stands in contrast to other established social models of multiculturalism, the melting pot and monoculturalism. It has been advocated it as superior.