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Kent Island is the largest island in the Chesapeake Bay, and a historic place in Maryland. To the east, a narrow channel known as the Kent Narrows barely separates the island from the Delmarva Peninsula, and on the other side, the island is separated from Sandy Point, an area near Annapolis, by roughly four miles (6.4 km) of water. At only four miles wide, the main waterway of the bay is at its narrowest at this point and is spanned here by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. The Chester River runs to the north of the island and empties into the Chesapeake Bay at Kent Island's Love Point. To the south of the island lies Eastern Bay. The United States Census Bureau reports that the island has 81.92 km² (31.62 sq mi) of land area. *

Kent Island is part of Queen Anne's County, Maryland and Maryland's Eastern Shore region. The first English establishment on the island was founded in 1631, making it the oldest English settlement within the present day state of Maryland, and the third oldest permanent English settlement in the United States, after Jamestown, Virginia and Plymouth, Massachusetts *. The census-designated places of Stevensville, and Chester are located on the island, along with several other communities, including the fishing community of Kent Narrows, which is located partially on the island. Although all of Kent Island's communities are unincorporated, Stevensville and Chester are often considered towns because of their having many of the characteristics of most towns.

History

Early and Colonial

Prior to European colonization, the island was inhabited by the Matapeake tribe, members of the Algonquian nation whom the Matapeake area of Kent Island is named after. Other tribes that inhabited the area and often visited the island included the Ozinies and Monoponson who share their name with the Algonquian name for the island, Monoponson. During the 16th and 17th centuries, early explorers of the Chesapeake Bay, including Captain John Smith, were the first Europeans to see Kent Island; however, it wasn't until August of 1631 that the island became an English settlement. At that time, William Claiborne, a friend of John Smith's, founded a settlement near the southern end of the island for the purpose of trading with Native Americans, and named the island after his birthplace of Kent, England. Following the formation of the Province of Maryland, Claiborne continued to recognize the island as part of his home colony of Virginia while Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore recognized it as part of Maryland. Claiborne was forced from, and returned to the island twice before leaving permanently in 1658, thus ending the disputes *.

Industrial Revolution

Until the 19th century, Kent Island was used almost entirely for farming. This began to change around the time of the Industrial Revolution. In 1850, the town of Stevensville was founded after the sale of farms owned by James and Charles Stevens, and prospered as a major hub for steamboat travel across the Chesapeake Bay. Stevensville was also the home of a railroad station, known as the Stevensville Train Depot, that was located near the western end of a railroad that carried ferry passengers to other parts of the Eastern Shore. Also during this time, small resorts on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean became common in the area. Such a resort existed at Love Point, to the north of Stevensville.

Twentieth century

As roads replaced railroads and steamboats into the 20th century, there was a growing need for a road bridge connecting the two shores of the Chesapeake Bay. In 1952 the Chesapeake Bay Bridge was completed, connecting the island directly to the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The bridge completely replaced the steamboat system and also led to further growth of Kent Island and the rest of the Eastern Shore. In 1973, In order to accommodate growing traffic across the bay, the bridge was expanded with an additional span built next to the existing one. Then, in the late 1980s and early 1990s U.S. Route 50 was converted to a freeway across the island.

Recent history

In September 2003, Kent Island was one of the many places in the Chesapeake Bay Area affected by Hurricane Isabel. Local businesses and historic local landmarks were either damaged or destroyed in the storm and the storm surge caused by it. Much of the damage from the hurricane, mostly caused by flooding, took several months to repair.

Today, Kent Island is considered a suburb of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area and is home to 16,812 residents. The combined area of the Stevensville and Chester CDPs had 9,603 residents (as of the 2000 US census).[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-show_geoid=Y&-tree_id=4001&-_caller=geoselect&-context=dt&-errMsg=&-all_geo_types=N&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-redoLog=true&-transpose=N&-search_map_config=|b=50|l=en|t=4001|zf=0.0|ms=sel_00dec|dw=0.12943068778841332|dh=0.07575157103105067|dt=gov.census.aff.domain.map.EnglishMapExtent|if=gif|cx=-76.26691202494183|cy=38.96886154822898|zl=4|pz=4|bo=318:317:316:314:313:323:319|bl=362:393:358:357:356:355:354|ft=350:349:335:389:388:332:331|fl=381:403:204:380:369:379:368|g=01000US&-PANEL_ID=p_dt_geo_map&-_lang=en&-geo_id=16000US2416125&-geo_id=16000US2475025&-CONTEXT=dt&-format=&-search_results=06000US2403590344&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U Many have relocated from the Washington, D.C. or Baltimore metro areas and continue to commute back there. Stevensville and Chester are also among the most densely populated areas of the Eastern Shore, and the most densely populated in Queen Anne's County, making up 23.67% of its population and only 3.07% of its land area.

Historic Places

As of 2006, many of the island's historic places have been preserved and are highlighted by the Chesapeake Country Scenic Byway and the American Discovery Trail, both of which pass through the island. Several buildings on the island that are still left over from the 19th century and earlier include the Cray House, a rare remaining example of post and plank construction, the old Stevensville post office (left, yellow building in center), Christ Episcopal Church, and the Stevensville Train Depot (right). Stevensville's historic district along with some of the buildings in the town are on the National Register of Historic Places *.

Notable People from Kent Island

Transportation

Roads

The main mode of transportation on Kent Island, as with most other suburban areas of the United States, is by car. Kent Island's main roads include US 50/US 301 and Maryland Routes 8, 18, and 552. Maryland Routes 802 and 835A are also on Kent Island and serve as minor roads.

Trails

The original section of the Cross Island Trail, a walking and biking trail on Kent Island, was built in the late 1990s, as part of Queen Anne's County's portion of the American Discovery Trail. The full trail was completed in 2001.

By the time the Cross Island Trail was completed, growing concern over the safety of pedestrians using the shoulder of Route 8 prompted the construction of a new trail paralleling the road. When completed, the trail, known as the Kent Island South Trail, will run from Romancoke Pier at the southern end of Route 8, heading north and crossing the road in Matapeake, near Matapeake Elementary and Middle Schools. From there it will pass through Mobray Park, then over Route 50, through Stevensville and will end at the Cross Island Trail in or near Old Love Point Park. *

Both the Cross Island and Kent Island South Trails are part of a planned trail system for Queen Anne's County, the entire Cross Island Trail and the existing sections of the Kent Island South Trail represent the only completed portions of the system.

Connections to the Mainland

The bridges that currently connect Kent Island to the mainland, or once did, are as follows:
  • The Chesapeake Bay Bridge, or Bay Bridge, spans the Chesapeake Bay and carries US 50/301 to Annapolis.
  • The Kent Narrows Bridge spans the Kent Narrows and carries US 50/301 to the Delmarva Peninsula.
  • The Old Kent Narrows Bridge, Kent Narrows Drawbridge, or Route 18 Kent Narrows Bridge is a drawbridge that carries MD 18 into Grasonville. It was the predecessor to the current Kent Narrows Bridge and now serves local traffic.
  • An even older automobile bridge once ran across the Kent Narrows and was replaced by the current Route 18 Kent Narrows Bridge. Also in the past, railroad bridges over the Kent Narrows connected the Kent Island portion of the Queen Anne's County Railroad to the mainland.

Local airports on the island serve as another type of connection to the mainland. The largest is the Bay Bridge Airport, located near the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Before the construction of the Bay Bridge, ferry services connected the island directly to Baltimore, Annapolis, and the small peninsula on which St. Michaels is located. Some of the piers that were used as part of the ferry service are still used for fishing.

See also

External links and Sources

General Information

History

Maps

Chesapeake Bay | Islands of Maryland | Queen Anne's County, Maryland

 

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "Kent Island, Maryland".

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