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At age 15 he was matriculated at the University of Michigan, where he studied the classical languages. He later was lectured in astronomy by professor Franz Brünnow.
He was the second director of Detroit Observatory (from 1863 to 1879), succeeding Franz Brünnow. He wrote the textbook Theoretical Astronomy in 1868.
He discovered 22 asteroids, beginning with 79 Eurynome in 1863. However, one of his asteroid discoveries, 139 Juewa was made in Beijing when Watson was there to observe the 1874 transit of Venus. The name Juewa was chosen by Chinese officials (瑞華, or in modern pinyin, ruìhuá).
He was a strong believer in the existence of the planet Vulcan, a hypothetical planet closer to the Sun than Mercury, which is now known not to exist (however the existence of small Vulcanoid planetoids remains a possibility). He believed he had seen such two such planets during a July 1878 solar eclipse in Wyoming.
He died of peritonitis at the age of only 42. He had amassed a considerable amount of money through non-astronomical business activities. By bequest he established the James Craig Watson Medal, awarded every three years by the National Academy of Sciences for contributions to astronomy.
The asteroid 729 Watsonia was named in his honour.
References
- In Search of Planet Vulcan, The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork Machine, Richard Baum and William Sheehan, 1997, ISBN 0-306-45567-6.
External links
- Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- http://www.detroitobservatory.umich.edu/JAHH2003/DetroitObservatoryArticle.pdf
1838 births | 1880 deaths | Canadian astronomers | American astronomers | Canadian Americans | Lists of asteroids | Asteroid discoverers | People from Elgin County, Ontario | People from Michigan | People from Ann Arbor | Pre-Confederation Ontario people
James Craig Watson | James Craig Watson | James Craig Watson | James Craig Watson | James Craig Watson
"James Craig Watson"