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Dr. Henry "Indiana" Jones, Jr. is a fictional professor, archaeologist, and adventurer who originally appeared in a series of films produced by George Lucas and directed by Steven Spielberg in the 1980s. First portrayed by Harrison Ford in Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones is noted for his trademark bullwhip, his fedora, and his overdeveloped fear of snakes.

Younger versions of the character were also played by River Phoenix (in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade), and by Corey Carrier and Sean Patrick Flanery (in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles). An older version (93) of Jones, played by George Hall, also appeared in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.

Indiana Jones is also the general name given to the series as a whole, which comprises three films, a TV series, various novels, comics, video games, and other media. A fourth film has also been announced for a likely 2008 release.

Biography

Indiana Jones was born Henry Walden Jones Junior to Scottish-born professor of Medieval literature, Dr. Henry Jones Sr. (played by Lloyd Owen in the TV series and by Sean Connery in the film), and his wife Anna on July 1 1899, in Princeton, New Jersey. "Junior" accompanied his father on his travels throughout Europe, where he learned to speak, read, and write 27 languages, including French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Swedish, Greek, Arabic, Turkish, Vietnamese, Swahili, Latin and Chinese, as well as some Hindi, apart from English. Although his father called him "Junior," Henry Jr. adopted the name of his beloved dog "Indiana" for himself, insisting he be referred to as "Indiana Jones". It is not known for sure when he first did this, except that he was referred to as Indiana during childhood by his peers. During his youth and young adulthood, Jones met many historical figures who each had a unique impact on his life.

In 1912, Indy was living in Utah and was a member of the Boy Scouts of America with the rank of Life Scout, as seen on his uniform: a fleur-de-lis, or trefoil, superimposed on a heart. It was here, while attempting to secure the Cross of Coronado from thieves, Indy first learned to use the bullwhip and received his trademark fedora, as well as the scar on his chin. This was also the time when he first developed his aversion to snakes.

His father wanted Indiana to go to Princeton University. He made a trip in the vacations that ended up in Mexico and was kidnapped by Mexican revolutionaries. He joined this army of revolutionaries, playing a part in the Mexican Revolution in 1916, under Pancho Villa. It is here that he also met his friend Remy, a Belgian. With Remy, he left Mexico and traveled to Ireland just in time for the Easter Rising. He then traveled to England, getting involved with the suffrage movement, and then he and Remy joined the Belgian Army. He participated in the Western Front. He was taken prisoner by the Germans, escaped, encountered (and lost his virginity to) Mata Hari eventually making his way to Africa. When they arrived in Africa, Jones and Remy were commissioned as lieutenants. Jones' inability to read maps properly caused him to lose his intended unit, and he instead fought along side a team of old men, collectivly known as "The Old and the Bold", the historical 25th Royal Fusiliers under the British Army. Their commander was the historical Frederic Selous, portrayed by Raiders veteran Paul Freeman. Among missions (depicted in the television series), the team destroyed a giant cannon mounted on a train, and they kidnapped the (real-life) German military genius Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck in a balloon, but they were forced to release him. Also while in Africa, Jones took ill, and was treated by Albert Schweitzer.

Jones and Remy then transferred to the French Army, and Jones worked as an intelligence officer, vied with Ernest Hemingway for the affections of a young nurse, and worked as a translator for the Treaty of Versailles, seeing the war come to its conclusion but laying down the groundwork for a second conflict.

Sometime after the war, Jones returned to the United States, where he studied archaeology at the University of Chicago under Professor Abner Ravenwood. At the same time, he became romantically involved with the Professor's daughter Marion.

Dr. Jones abruptly left the Ravenwoods in 1926 and did not contact them for 10 years. (The sudden end to his relationship with Marion Ravenwood led to a deep rift between himself and Abner during this time.) He divided his time between teaching and archaeological expeditions, including a journey to China and India in 1935 where he raced Nazis to a mystical gem called "The Heart of the Dragon" from the ancient tomb of a Chinese emperor. Immediately afterward, he faced the gangster Lao Che and the Thuggee, followers of the cult of Kali (Temple of Doom). He was called to a temple in Asia, where the deity Mara resided, but went missing, worrying the government and his friend Sallah. When guests in a troop transport entered the temple, Indy revealed himself alive again to the world by saving them (Indiana Jones Adventure). In 1936, he was contacted by the United States government to retrieve the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis (Raiders of the Lost Ark). He continued to take on infrequent missions for the government over the ensuing years. In 1938, Indy rescued his father from the Nazis and became embroiled in the search for the Holy Grail (Last Crusade). His life during World War II is unknown, but in 1947 he was deceived by the recently born CIA to search the mechanism of the Babylonian Infernal Machine. Later, although not listed in the credits, a biology teacher in Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) bears a strong resemblance to Professor Jones, perhaps another reference.

When last seen in 1993, Jones was living in New York City with his daughter and her family (The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles). Sporting an eyepatch and cane, he was stopping anyone within earshot to regale them with tales of his exploits. He seems remarkably spry for a man in his 90s—whether that is because of his drinking from the Grail is unknown. It is yet to be chronicled as to what adventure led Indy to wear an eyepatch.

Appearances

Since his introduction in 1981's Raiders of the Lost Ark, the character of Indiana Jones has become a cultural icon for adventure. His popularity has allowed him to make appearances in three more feature films, a three-season TV series, dozens of novels, comic books, and video games, and even his own amusement park ride.

The television series, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, aired from 1992 to 1996, with the 17-year-old Indy played by Sean Patrick Flanery, 93-year-old Indy by George Hall, and 10-year-old Indy by Corey Carrier. This inspired a number of made-for-TV and made-for-video movies featuring Flanery as young Indy. One of the last Young Indiana Jones TV movies featured a cameo appearance by Harrison Ford, reprising the role of Indy as a man in his 50s. The show ran for 44 episodes, with each pairing of episodes forming a feature-length TV film. The stories spanned from Indy’s childhood travels with his father (who was on, what seemed, one continuous Medieval studies lecture tour) to the solo journeys of his youth and even into World War I. Every episode began with a 93-year-old Indy, a grey-haired professor, talking about one of his old childhood adventures.

The popular trilogy of theatrical films: Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, were made from 1981–1989, created by George Lucas and directed by Steven Spielberg. The series starred Harrison Ford as Jones. The upcoming fourth Indiana Jones movie, once again to star Harrison Ford, has been in the planning stages for several years; it is in pre-production and is not expected to be released until February 2007 at the earliest. Jim Ward, Vice President of Lucasfilm, has said in a recent press conference that a new Indiana Jones video game is expected that same year, around the time of the movie. John Williams has also stated in the DVD's of the Indiana Jones Trilogy and at George Lucas's AFI's Lifetime Achievement Award ceremony, that he is willing to return and perform the music for the fourth film.

TV films

  • Chapter 1: My First Adventure
  • Chapter 2: Passion for Life
  • Chapter 3: The Perils of Cupid
  • Chapter 4: Travels with Father
  • Chapter 5: Journey of Radiance
  • Chapter 6: Spring Break Adventure
  • Chapter 7: Love's Sweet Song
  • Chapter 8: Trenches of Hell
  • Chapter 9: Demons of Deception
  • Chapter 10: Phantom Train of Doom
  • Chapter 11: Oganga, the Giver and Taker of Life
  • Chapter 12: Attack of the Hawkmen
  • Chapter 13: Adventures in the Secret Service
  • Chapter 14: Espionage Escapades
  • Chapter 15: Daredevils of the Desert
  • Chapter 16: Tales of Innocence
  • Chapter 17: Masks of Evil
  • Chapter 18: Treasure of the Peacock's Eye
  • Chapter 19: Winds of Change
  • Chapter 20: Mystery of the Blues
  • Chapter 21: Scandal of 1920
  • Chapter 22: Hollywood Follies

Theatrical films

  • Chapter 23: The Temple of Doom (1984)
  • Chapter 24: Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
  • Chapter 25: The Last Crusade (1989)
  • Chapter 26: Indiana Jones 4 (2008) (categorized as "in production")
  • Chapter 27: (unproduced) Originally, George Lucas had signed a deal with Paramount Pictures for four theatrical sequels to Raiders of the Lost Ark. After the first three, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas announced he was finished with the theatrical films, leaving two of his promised sequels unmade. He now has announced his work on the third sequel, Indiana Jones IV. He now denies plans for a fourth sequel, claiming he never intended to do beyond three, but that the fourth film was "a brilliant idea he had." In saying he had a deal for four sequels, one could also speculate that he might not have counted The Temple of Doom as a sequel, and instead a prequel, which it was. This would leave room open for yet another sequel that is yet to be produced.
  • Chapter 28: (unproduced) Based on the fact that The Temple of Doom could be counted as a prequel, rather than a sequel.

Novels

Apart from novel adaptations of the movies, and several Young Indiana Jones episodes, there is also a series of original paperback novels about the adventures of Indiana Jones, and another series of novels about Young Indiana Jones for younger readers. In Germany, there was a series of adult novels by author Wolfgang Hohlbein, and in France a Young Indiana Jones series by Joseph Jacobs and Richard Beugne. These are available only in German and French respectively.

Young Indiana Jones Novels by Random House

  • Young Indiana Jones' Titanic Adventure - by Les Martin
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Pirates Loot - by J. N. Fox
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Lost Gold of Durango - by Megan Stine and H. William Stine
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Plantation Treasure - by William McCay
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Tomb of Terror - by Les Martin
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Princess of Peril - by Les Martin
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Ghostly Riders - by William McCay
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Circle of Death - by William McCay
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Journey to the Underworld - by Megan Stine and H. William Stine
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Curse of the Ruby Cross - by William McCay
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Gypsy Revenge - by Les Martin
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Secret City - by Les Martin
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Mountain of Fire - by William McCay
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Face of the Dragon - by William McCay
  • Young Indiana Jones and the Eye of the Tiger - by William McCay

Young Indiana Jones Novels by Ballantine Books

Indiana Jones Adult Novels by Bantam Books

  • Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi - by Rob MacGregor
  • Indiana Jones and the Unicorn's Legacy - by Rob MacGregor
  • Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants - by Rob MacGregor
  • Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils - by Rob MacGregor
  • Indiana Jones and the Genesis Deluge - by Rob MacGregor
  • Indiana Jones and the Interior World - by Rob MacGregor
  • Indiana Jones and the Sky Pirates - by Martin Caidin
  • Indiana Jones and the White Witch - by Martin Caidin
  • Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone - by Max McCoy
  • Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs - by Max McCoy
  • Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth - by Max McCoy
  • Indiana Jones and the Secret of the Sphinx - by Max McCoy

German novels by Goldmann Verlag

  • Indiana Jones und das Schiff der Götter (Indiana Jones And The Ship Of The Gods) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und die Gefiederte Schlange (Indiana Jones And The Feathered Snake) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und das Gold von El Dorado (Indiana Jones And The Gold Of El Dorado) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und das verschwundene Volk (Indiana Jones And The Vanished People) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und das Schwert des Dschingis Khan (Indiana Jones And The Sword of Genghis Khan) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und das Geheimnis der Osterinseln (Indiana Jones And The Secret Of Easter Island) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und das Labyrinth des Horus (Indiana Jones And The Labyrinth Of Horus) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein
  • Indiana Jones und das Erbe von Avalon (Indiana Jones And The Legacy Of Avalon) - by Wolfgang Hohlbein

Find Your Fate Adventure Books by Ballantine Books

  • Indiana Jones and the Curse of Horror Island - by R. L. Stine
  • Indiana Jones and the Lost Treasure of Sheba - by Rose Estes
  • Indiana Jones and the Giants of the Silver Tower - by R. L. Stine
  • Indiana Jones and the Eye of the Fates - by Richard Wenk
  • Indiana Jones and the Cup of the Vampire - by Andrew Helfer
  • Indiana Jones and the Legion of Death - by Richard Wenk
  • Indiana Jones and the Cult of the Mummy's Crypt - by R. L. Stine
  • Indiana Jones and the Dragon of Vengeance - by Megan Stine
  • Indiana Jones and the Gold of Genghis Khan - by Ellen Weiss
  • Indiana Jones and the Ape Slaves of Howling Island - by R. L. Stine
  • Indiana Jones and the Mask of the Elephant - by Megan Stine and William Stine

Comics

There was a comic book published by Marvel Comics in the early 1980s featuring the talents of John Byrne among others. Later Dark Horse Comics produced a number of Indiana Jones Comics. Indy also had a cameo in a Star Wars story in an issue of the Star Wars Tales comic books.

The French comic book publisher Bagheera has made 3 Indiana Jones comic books starting in 1993. The first 2 French Indy comics were part of a Shell collection. All 3 comics have been written and drawn by the duo Moliterni & Alessandrini. None of these titles are available in English.

Dark Horse Comics Stories

  • Indiana Jones and the Shrine of the Sea Devil
  • Indiana Jones and the Arms of Gold
  • Indiana Jones: Thunder in the Orient
  • Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis
  • Indiana Jones and the Sargasso Pirates
  • Indiana Jones and the Dance of Death
  • Indiana Jones and the Golden Fleece
  • Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny
  • Indiana Jones and the Iron Phoenix

Marvel Comics The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones Stories

  • Ikons of Ikammanen
  • The Devil's Cradle
  • Gateway to Infinity
  • Club Nightmare
  • Africa Screams
  • The Gold Goddess
  • The Fourth Nail
  • Deadly Rock
  • Demons
  • The Sea Butchers
  • The Search for Abner Ravenwood
  • The Cuban Connection
  • Beyond the Lucifer Chamber
  • End Run
  • Dragon by the Tail
  • The Secret of the Deep
  • Revenge of the Ancients
  • Good as Gold
  • Trail of the Golden Guns
  • Tower of Tears
  • Shot by Both Sides
  • Fireworks
  • Big Game
  • Double Play
  • Magic, Murder & The Weather
  • Something’s Gone Wrong Again

Star Wars Tales

  • Star Wars Tales #19: Into the Great Unknown

Bagheera Stories

  • Indiana Jones et le Secret de la Pyramide
  • Indiana Jones et la Cité de la Foudre
  • Indiana Jones et le Grimoire Maudit

Video games

Various computer and video games have also been produced. They include:

  • Raiders of the Lost Ark (Atari 2600)
  • Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (arcade)
  • Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (Nintendo Entertainment System)
  • Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (C64)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Action Game (C64, Amiga, Atari ST, Macintosh, PC)
  • The Graphic Adventure (Amiga, Atari ST, Macintosh, PC)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Nintendo Entertainment System - Taito)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Nintendo Entertainment System - Ubi Soft)
  • The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (Nintendo Entertainment System)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Nintendo Game Boy)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Sega Master System - European and Brazilian release)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Sega Genesis)
  • Instruments of Chaos starring Young Indiana Jones (Sega Genesis)
  • Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Sega Game Gear)
  • Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures (Super Nintendo Entertainment System)
  • Indiana Jones in Revenge of The Ancients (PC)
  • Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis: The Action Game (PC, Amiga, Macintosh, C64)
  • Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis: The Graphic Adventure (PC, Amiga, Macintosh) (also a comic book of the same name)
  • Indiana Jones and the Lost Kingdom (C64)
  • Indiana Jones and His Desktop Adventures (PC)
  • Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine (PC, Nintendo 64, Nintendo Game Boy Color)
  • Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb (PC, PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox)
He also made a cameo at the end of the video game "Yoda Stories " (Game Boy Color)
  • Untitled 2007 game - unrelated to the upcoming 2007 film.

Attractions

George Lucas has collaborated with Walt Disney Imagineering on four occasions to create Indiana Jones attractions for Disney theme parks worldwide:

Pinball

Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure (1993, Williams), designed by Mark Ritchie, is a widebody pinball game that features sound clips from all three theatrical films (as well as original speech by John Rhys-Davies), and features 12 different stages (four stages each based on different scenes from the movies, including three video modes). If you complete all 12 stages, you will enter the game's "Wizard Mode", called Eternal Life.

This was the first game to use Williams/Midway's DCS Sound System, with the music composed by Chris Granner.

Other

  • A reference is made to Indiana Jones by Han Solo, both played by Harrison Ford, in the Star Wars Dark Nest trilogy, specifically The Joiner King, where Solo says "Bugs. Why'd it have to be bugs?", referencing Indiana Jones' "Snakes. Why'd it have to be snakes?"

Origins

Indiana Jones, "Obtainer of Rare Antiquities," is modeled after the strong-jawed heroes of the matinee serials and pulp magazines that Lucas and Spielberg enjoyed in their childhoods, such as the Republic Pictures serials, and Doc Savage. The two friends first discussed the project while in Hawaii during the time of release of the first Star Wars film. Spielberg told Lucas how he wanted to direct a James Bond film. Lucas responded that he had something better than that.

Spielberg wanted Indiana to be a James Bond-like figure that got into difficult situations and worked his way out. Upon requests by Spielberg and Lucas the costume designer was given the task to make the character have a distinctive recognizable silhouette through the style of the hat (much like Dick Tracy). After examining many hats, the designers chose an urban version of the classic Australian Akubra, the fedora. The original fedora for the movie trilogy was constructed by Mr. Swales of Herbert Johnson Hatters in London, England. Although multiple hats were used throughout the movies, the distinctive profile of the fedoras remained the same. Today, the collection of props and clothing from the films, especially the fedora, has become a subculture/hobby for aficionados of the Indiana Jones franchise. Other elements of the outfit include the jacket, the bag, which was a modified World War II gas mask bag; and the whip.

Indy's revolver is a Webley Mk IV, but he is also seen with a M1911A1, 9mm Browning Hi-Power, and a .455 S&W New Century in the movies, as well as a .45 ACP Smith & Wesson Hand Ejector 2nd model. *

Tom Selleck was the first choice for the role, but couldn't get out of a television series commitment (Magnum, P.I.), so Lucas went with Harrison Ford, with whom he had worked for American Graffiti and his Star Wars films.

Many people have been called the real-life inspiration of the Indiana Jones character. Probably the most cited person is famous paleontologist Roy Chapman Andrews. Another person cited as a possible inspiration is the Italian archaeologist and circus strongman Giovanni Battista Belzoni (1778–1823). Religious archaeologist Vendyl "Texas" Jones once claimed that he was the inspiration, citing his names (he notes that his first name trimmed becomes Endy — very similar to Indy), but this claim has reportedly been denied by Spielberg. Other candidates include explorer Gene Savoy Yale University historian and explorer Hiram Bingham III and University of Chicago archeologist Robert Braidwood Schuyler Jones. [http://www.harrisliterary.com/jones.html" target="_blank" >* However, the most likely inspiration was the fictional character Allan Quatermain (whom Sean Connery portrayed in the film The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen). Yet another inspiration although never identified by Steven Spielberg or George Lucas was famous cartoonist, millionaire and explorer Robert Ripley for his famous logo. It could also be noted that Sylvanus Morley could have been an inspiration. Morley was a fan of the Maya Civilisation after reading H. Rider Haggard novels, attended Harvard and, it turned out after his death, was doing Espionage work for the United States. That Indiana Jones bears a surprising resemblance to Sylvanus Morley is perhaps just a coincidence.

The character was originally named Indiana Smith, but Spielberg disliked the name and Lucas casually suggested "Indiana Jones". The name was thus changed early in the production of Raiders of the Lost Ark. The origin of the name "Indiana" is the same in the real world as in the fiction: It was the name of an Alaskan malamute Lucas had in the 1970s (the same dog was also the inspiration for Chewbacca). His name is also said to be derived from the character "Nevada Smith," played by Steve McQueen in the 1966 film of the same name.

Spielberg has also cited the adventures of the Belgian comic character Tintin by Hergé as important inspiration for the style and atmosphere of the adventures of Indiana Jones.

Portrayers

DVD release

TV films

The DVDs for Chapters 1-22 are expected to be released sometime in 2007, according to a statement by series producer, Rick McCallum of Lucasfilm. The company has already put in two years of work on creating these DVDs, so as to have bonus features for each movie.

McCallum expects there to be 22 Young Indiana Jones Chronicles DVDs in all, 3 of which have been completed. The discs will include some 66 historical featurettes, now in production. Work has been ongoing for about 18 months on the Young Indy DVDs, with about another 18 months worth of work yet to be done. If all goes well, the plan is to tie the DVD release to the theatrical debut of Indy IV.

Theatrical films

Chapters 23-25 of the Indiana Jones series (The Temple of Doom, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and The Last Crusade, respectively) were released on DVD as a boxed set of all three films plus a fourth disc of bonus materials in 2003.

Features

  • Available Subtitles (US edition): English, Spanish, French
  • Available Audio Tracks (US edition): English (Dolby Digital 5.1), Spanish (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround), French (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround)
  • Contains all three films in their original format (2.35:1 anamorphic widescreen aspect ratio or in Pan and Scan format), restored and digitally remastered

Bonus disc features

  • A new, feature-length documentary of the making of the trilogy
  • From the Lucasfilm Archives:
    • The Stunts of Indiana Jones
    • The Sound of Indiana Jones
    • The Music of Indiana Jones
    • The Light and Magic of Indiana Jones
  • Original trailers
  • Weblink to exclusive content including dozens of behind-the-scenes photos, an animatic sequence from Raiders and a PC game preview

References

Indiana Jones in Popular Culture

  • Comedian Mike MacRae has a routine involving Indiana Jones as "the professor to have" in college. The routine includes voice imitations of both Harrison Ford and Sean Connery, and is often featured on the Bob & Tom Morning Radio Show.

See also

External links

Fictional Americans | Fictional archaeologists | Fictional professors | Fictional Eagle Scouts | Film characters | Indiana Jones | Indiana Jones characters | Pulp heroes and villains

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