Hunter Stockton Thompson (July 18, 1937 – February 20, 2005) was an American journalist and author. He is credited as the creator of gonzo journalism, a style of reporting which blurs distinctions between author and subject, fiction and nonfiction.
Hunter was arrested in 1956 for robbery. After crashing an employer's delivery truck, he joined the U.S. Air Force during the mandatory waiting period before army conscription. After working in the information services department at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida in 1956, he became the sports editor of the base's newspaper, The Command Courier. He also wrote for several local newspapers, which was against Air Force regulations.
He was honorably discharged in 1958 as an airman second class, having been recommended for an early discharge by his commanding officer. In summary, this airman, although talented will not be guided by policy, Col. W.S. Evans, chief of information services wrote to the Eglin personnel office. Sometimes his rebel and superior attitude seems to rub off on other airmen staff members. Thompson claimed in a mock press release he wrote about the end of his duty to have been issued a "totally unclassifiable" status.Rolfsen, (Jeff Feb. 21, 2005) Writer Hunter S. Thompson commits suicide. Air Force Times.
After the Air Force he moved to New York City and on the GI Bill attended Columbia University's School of General Studies where he took classes on short story writing.
During this time he worked briefly for Time Magazine as a copywriter for $50 a week. While working, he copied F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell To Arms onto a typewriter, saying that he wanted to learn about the writing styles of the authors. In 1959, Time fired him for insubordination. Later that year, he worked as a reporter for the Middletown Daily Record in New York. He was fired from this job after damaging an office candy machine and arguing with the owner of a local restaurant who happened to be an advertiser with the paper. In 1960 Thompson moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico to take a job with the sporting magazine El Sportivo which soon folded. But the move to Puerto Rico allowed Thompson to travel in the Caribbean and South America writing freelance articles for several American daily newspapers. While in Puerto Rico he befriended journalist William Kennedy. Thompson also spent time as a South American correspondent for a Dow Jones-owned weekly newspaper, the National Observer. During an eight-month period in 1961 he lived and worked as a security guard and caretaker at Big Sur Hot Springs just before it became the Esalen Institute. While living in San Francisco in the 1960s, Thompson received a doctorate in Divinity from a mail-order church.
During that time, Thompson wrote two novels (Prince Jellyfish and The Rum Diary) and submitted many short stories to publishers. The Rum Diary was eventually published in 1998 after Thompson had become famous. Kennedy later remarked that he and Thompson were both failed novelists who had turned to journalism to make a living.
He married his longtime girlfriend Sandra Dawn Conklin (aka Sandy Conklin Thompson, now Sondi Wright) on May 19, 1963 and they had one son, Juan Fitzgerald Thompson, born March 23, 1964. The couple conceived five more times together. Three were miscarriages and two died shortly after birth. In a tribute issue for Hunter in Rolling Stone issue 970, Sandy wrote, " I ... want to acknowledge the five children Hunter and I lost — two full term babies, three miscarriages.... I had so wanted more Hunters! One of the most beautiful gifts that Hunter ever gave me ... Sarah, our full term, eight-pound baby, lived about twelve hours. I lay there in Aspen Valley Hospital waiting, and when I saw the doctor's face it was unbearable. I thought I might go mad. Hunter leaned over the bed and said, 'Sandy, if you want to go out there for a while — do that, just know that Juan and I really need you.' I was back." After nineteen years together and seventeen years of marriage, Hunter and Sandy divorced in 1980; the two remained close friends until Hunter's death.
In 1965, The Nation editor Carey McWilliams offered Thompson an opportunity to write a story based on his experience with the Hells Angels motorcycle gang. Previously, Thompson spent a year living and riding with the Hells Angels, but the relationship broke down when the bikers suspected that Thompson made money from his writing. The gang demanded a share of the profits and Thompson ended up with a savage beating, or 'stomping' as the Angels referred to it. After the The Nation published the article (May 17, 1965), Thompson received several book offers and Random House published the hard cover The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs in 1966.
Thompson also worked freelance for a number of different outlets. While writing a Wall Street Journal feature about the mine in Butte Montana, he made the acquaintance of a small folk band. The Big Sky Singers were then playing the Gun Room at the Finlen Hotel. Thompson subsequently wrote the liner notes for their debut album, which appeared in 1966.*
Thompson went on to work as a political correspondent for Rolling Stone, retaining the title of chief of the "National Affairs Desk" on the magazine's masthead for over thirty years until his death. Two of his books, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72, were first serialized there. Along with Joe Eszterhas and David Felton Thompson would be instrumental in expanding the focus of the magazine past music criticism; indeed, Thompson was the only staff writer of the epoch never to contribute a music feature to the magazine. Nevertheless, it should be noted that his articles were always peppered with a wide array of pop music references ranging from Howlin' Wolf to Lou Reed. Armed with early fax machines wherever he went, he became notorious for haphazardly sending sometimes illegible material to the magazine's San Francisco offices immediately as they were to go to press.
Published in 1971, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is a first-person account by a journalist (Thompson himself, under the pseudonym "Raoul Duke") on a trip to Las Vegas with his "300-pound Samoan" attorney, "Dr. Gonzo" (a character inspired by Thompson's friend, Chicano lawyer Oscar Zeta Acosta) to cover a narcotics officers' convention and the "fabulous Mint 400" motorcycle race. During the trip, he and his lawyer become sidetracked by a search for the American dream, with the aid of copious amounts of alcohol, LSD, ether, adrenochrome, mescaline, cocaine, marijuana and other drugs. Ralph Steadman, who collaborated with Thompson on several projects, contributed expressionist pen and ink illustrations.
Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of Rolling Stone articles he wrote while covering the election campaigns of President Richard M. Nixon and his unsuccessful opponent, Senator George McGovern. The book focuses largely on the Democratic Party's primaries (Nixon, as an incumbent, performed little campaign work) and its breakdown due to splits between the different candidates; McGovern was extolled throughout while fellow candidates Ed Muskie and Hubert Humphrey were ridiculed. As an early supporter of McGovern, it could be argued that his unflattering coverage of the rival campaigns along with the rapidly expanding circulation of Rolling Stone played a role in the senator's nomination.
Thompson would go on to become a fierce critic of Nixon, both during and after his presidency. After Nixon's death in 1994, Thompson famously described him in Rolling Stone as a man who "could shake your hand and stab you in the back at the same time" and said "his casket have been launched into one of those open-sewage canals that empty into the ocean just south of Los Angeles. He was a swine of a man and a jabbering dupe of a president. Devil can understand it." [http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/latestnews/index.php?id=1507" target="_blank" >*
1980 marked both his divorce from Sandra Conklin and the release of Where The Buffalo Roam, a loose film adaptation of situations from Thompson's early 1970s work, with Bill Murray starring as the author. Murray spent considerable time with Thompson as part of his preparation prior to production and inevitably picked up many of the latter's mannerisms. After the lukewarm reception of the film, Thompson temporarily relocated to Hawaii to work on a novel. The Curse of Lono was a gonzo-style account of a marathon in the state that was extensively illustrated by Ralph Steadman, first appearing in Running magazine in 1981 as "The Charge of the Weird Brigade" and before being excerpted in Playboy in 1983 *.
In 1983, he covered the U.S. invasion of Grenada but would not discuss these experiences until the publication of Kingdom of Fear twenty years later. Later that year he authored a piece for Rolling Stone called "A Dog Took My Place", an expose of the scandalous Roxanne Pulitzer divorce and what he termed the "Palm Beach lifestyle". The article contained dubious insinuations of beastiality (among other things) but was considered to be a return to proper form by many.
Shortly thereafter, Thompson accepted an advance to write about "couples pornography" for Playboy. As part of his research, he moved to San Francisco and accepted the position of night manager of the O'Farrell Theater, the cornerstone of the Mitchell brothers' porn empire. Eventually evolving into a full length nonfiction novel tentatively titled The Night Manager, the project never materialized. At the behest of old friend and editor Warren Hinkle, he became a media critic for the San Francisco Examiner until the end of the decade.
Thompson continued to contribute irregularly to Rolling Stone. "Fear and Loathing in Elko", published in 1992, was a well received fictional rallying cry against Clarence Thomas, while "Mr. Bill's Neighborhood" was a largely non-fictional account of an interview with Bill Clinton in an Arkansas diner. Rather than embarking on the campaign trail as he had done in previous presidential elections, Thompson monitored the proceedings from cable television; Better than Sex: Confessions of a Political Junkie, his account of the 1992 campaign, is comprised of reactionary faxes sent to Rolling Stone. A decade later, he contributed "Fear and Loathing, Campaign 2004"--an account of a road jaunt with John Kerry during his presidential campaign that would be Thompson's final magazine feature.
By the late 1970s Thompson recieved complaints from critics, fans and friends alike that he was regurgitating his past glories without much in the way of new innovation on his part; these concerns are alluded to in the introduction of The Great Shark Hunt, where Thompson eerily suggested that his "old self" commit suicide.
Perhaps in response to this and the failure of his marriage, Thompson became more reclusive after 1980, often retreating to his compound in Woody Creek and rejecting and/or refusing to complete assignments. Despite the dearth of new material, Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner kept Thompson on the Rolling Stone masthead as chief of the "National Affairs Desk", a position he would hold until his death.
However, Thompson's work was popularized again with the 1998 mainstream release of the film Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, which opened to considerable fanfare. The novel was reprinted to coincide with the film (as were t-shirts, bumper stickers, posters, etc), and Thompson's work was introduced to a new generation of fans. Thompson's next and penultimate collection, Kingdom of Fear, was a combination of new material, selected newspaper clippings, and some older works. Released in 2003, it was perceived by critics to be an angry, vitrolic commentary on the passing of the American Century. In addition, Thompson penned a sports column for ESPN "Page 2" during the early 2000's, which was later compiled into the book Hey Rube : Blood Sport, the Bush Doctrine, and the Downward Spiral of Dumbness Modern History from the Sports Desk (2005).
Thompson was fond of firearms and was an avid firearms enthusiast with a vast collection of handguns, rifles, shotguns, numerous forms of gaseous crowd control, automatic and semi-automatic weaponry, and virtually every form of manufactured and homemade explosive known to man.
Thompson's brother James (born 1949 and died from AIDS complications in 1994) claimed Thompson was offended by his homosexuality, and the two were never close. James complained how the burden of caring for their drunken mother fell to him over the many years Hunter was away, including sometimes having to take a taxi to pick her up off the pavement where she had passed out.
Hunter married Anita Bejmuk, his long-time assistant, on April 24, 2003.
Thompson's son (Juan), daughter-in-law (Jennifer Winkel Thompson) and grandson (Will Thompson) were visiting for the weekend at the time of his suicide. Will and Jennifer were in the adjacent room when they heard the gunshot, though the gunshot was mistaken for a book falling, and so they continued with their activities for a few minutes before checking on him; "Winkel Thompson continued playing 20 questions with Will, Juan Thompson continued taking a photo" Thompson was sitting at his typewriter with the word "counselor" written in the center of the page.
They reported to the press that they do not believe his suicide was out of desperation, but was a well-thought out act resulting from Thompson's many painful medical conditions.Kass, Jeff (Feb. 25, 2005) "Thompson 'made this choice'". Rocky Mountain News Thompson's wife, Anita, who was at the gym at the time of her husband's death, was on the phone with Thompson when he ended his life.
Artist and friend Ralph Steadman wrote:
Three months later, Rolling Stone released what was claimed to be Thompson's final written words, written with a marker four days before his death, The title was "Football Season is over":
The plans for this impressive monument were initially drawn by Thompson and Ralph Steadman and were shown as part of an Omnibus program on the BBC entitled Fear and Loathing in Gonzovision (1978). It is included as a special feature on the second disc of the 2003 Criterion Collection DVD release of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. The video footage of Steadman and Thompson drawing the plans and outdoor footage showing where he wanted the cannon constructed were played prior to the unveiling of his cannon at the funeral.
Douglas Brinkley, a friend and now the family's spokesman, said of the ceremony: "If that's what he wanted, we'll see if we can pull it off."Elliott, Dan — Associated Press "Thompson's send-off could fill skies"
Thompson's writing aimed to be humorous, colorful and bizarre, often exaggerating events to be more entertaining. He almost always wrote in the first person and frequently used action verbs.
Thompson’s work and style is considered to be a major part of the New Journalism literary movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s, which attempted to break free from the purely objectivist style of mainstream reportage of the time.
Hunter often portrayed himself as a callous, erratic, self-destructive journalist who constantly took alcohol and hallucinatory drugs. During a BBC interview, he said that he sometimes felt obligated to live up to the fictional self that he had created.
Thompson’s writing style and eccentric persona gave him a cult following in both literary and drug circles, and Thompson’s cult status expanded into broader areas after being twice portrayed in major motion pictures. Hence, both his writing style and persona have been widely imitated and his likeness has even become a popular costume choice for Halloween [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&hs=293&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&sa=N&resnum=0&q=hunter%20s%20thompson%20halloween&spell=1&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wi.
The Hawaiian word "mahalo" also frequently appears in Thompson's works and correspondence. Loosely translated, it means "may you be in divine breath." On more than one occasion, "mahalo" followed Thompson's usage of "buy the ticket, take the ride."
Some of his letters have begun to be published in a series of books called The Fear and Loathing Letters. The first volume, The Proud Highway: Saga of a Desperate Southern Gentleman 1955 - 1967, is over 650 pages, while the second volume Fear and Loathing in America: The Brutal Odyssey of an Outlaw Journalist passed 700. Douglas Brinkley, who edits the letter series, said that for every letter included, fifteen were cut. Brinkley estimated Thompson’s own archive to contain over 20,000 letters. According to Amazon.com, the last of the three planned volumes of Thompson’s letters will be published on October 1, 2006 as The Mutineer: Rants, Ravings, and Missives from the Mountaintop 1977-2005.
Many biographies have been written about Thompson, although he did not write an autobiography himself. But his letters contained "asides" to "his biographers" that he assumed could be "reading in" on his collected letters. Some of these letters were already bundled into Thompson's Kingdom of Fear, though it is not considered an autobiography.
Hunter Thompson appears as Uncle Duke in Doonesbury, the Garry Trudeau comic strip. (Raoul Duke was a pseudonym used by Thompson.) When the character was first introduced, Thompson protested, (he was once quoted in an interview saying that he would set Trudeau on fire if the two ever met) * although it was reported that he liked the character in later years.
Between 7 March 2005 (roughly two weeks after Thompson's suicide) and 12 March 2005, the strip ran a tribute to Hunter, with Uncle Duke lamenting the death of the man he called his "inspiration." The first of these strips * featured a panel with artwork similar to that of Ralph Steadman, and later strips featured various non sequiturs (with Duke variously transforming into a monster, melting, and shrinking to the size of an empty drinking glass) which seemed to mirror some the effects of hallucinatory drugs described in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.
Spider Jerusalem, the gonzo journalist protagonist of Warren Ellis's Transmetropolitan, is partly based on Thompson.
Adult Swim's animated series The Venture Bros. features a character named Hunter Gathers (who looks and acts much like Thompson) employed by the fictional Office of Secret Intelligence as a trainer.
Thompson's official biographer and longtime friend Douglas Brinkley said:
In 2004 Thompson, regarding politics, wrote: "Nixon was a professional politician, and I despised everything he stood for—but if he were running for president this year against the evil Bush-Cheney gang, I would happily vote for him." (Fear and Loathing, Campaign 2004, Rolling Stone)
The 1998 film adaptation of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas was directed by Monty Python veteran Terry Gilliam, and starred Johnny Depp (who moved into Hunter's basement to 'study' Thompson's persona before assuming his role in the film) as "Hunter Thompson/Raoul Duke" and Benicio Del Toro as "Dr. Gonzo". Thompson appeared in the scene at the club "The Matrix", sitting at a table. The film has achieved something of a cult following.
The film Breakfast With Hunter (2003) was directed and edited by Wayne Ewing. It documents Thompson's work on the movie Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, his arrest for drunk driving, and his subsequent fight with the court system.
"When I Die," (2005), also by Wayne Ewing, is a video chronicle of making Thompson's final farewell wishes a reality and the great send-off itself.
A new film is in production as of 2005, based upon Thompson's novel The Rum Diary. Depp is signed on to star in this new Thompson film. Del Toro was supposed to have directed and starred as Sala, but he withdrew from directing in January 2004; Officially he is not signed on to star. Bruce Robinson is directing instead.
Thompson was long rumored to have appeared on the early 90's Nickelodeon TV series, The Adventures of Pete & Pete, in the episode "New Years Pete." However, the creators have since debunked this in several interviews, explaining that the "Man on the Street" was simply an extra who, coincidentally, happened to be named Hunter Thompson. *
1937 births | 2005 deaths | American journalists | American novelists | American non-fiction writers | Columbia University alumni | Deaths by firearm | Hunter S. Thompson | Louisvillians | People from Colorado | Psychedelic advocates and proponents | Suicides by firearm | United States Air Force airmen | Writers who committed suicide | Journalists who committed suicide | American anti Iraq War activists
Хантер Томпсон | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | האנטר סטוקטון תומפסון | Hunter Stockton Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Томпсон, Хантер | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson
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