Hugh Montgomerie, 12th Earl of Eglinton KT (5 November 1739–14 December 1819) was a Scottish peer, politician, and composer. He was the grandfather of Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton.

Montgomerie sat as a Member of Parliament for Ayrshire off and on before 1796. That year he became Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire, which post he held until his death. In 1798, having previously succeeded to the earldom through his third cousin, he was elected a representative peer and moved to the House of Lords. In 1806 he was created Baron Ardrossan in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, enabling him to sit the Lords in his own right. He was made a Knight of the Thistle in 1814.

As large ship were unable to reach Glasgow due to silting of the River Clyde Montgomerie promoted and partially funded the Glasgow, Paisley and Ardrossan Canal. However funds ran out and the canal was only constructed from Glasgow to Johnstone via Paisley. The Glasgow terminous of the canal was at Port Eglinton. Though the warf is now filled in, the neighbouring Eglinton Street still bears his name.

Preparitory work on the canal from the new harbour created at Ardrossan was used as the basis for Glasgow Street, which is the main thoroughfare of the town.

Montgomerie was an amateur composer and cellist. His best known work is the dance tune "Ayrshire Lasses", and other composers dedicated works to him, including Thomas Arne and John Turnbull.David Johnson. "12th Earl of Eglinton", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed May 20 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).

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