Elizur Holyoke

Captain Elizur Holyoke (1624 - 1676) was the namesake of the mountain, Mount Holyoke, and (indirecty), of the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts.

Background

Holyoke arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony from the town of Tamwoth in Warwickshire, England in 1637 or 1638 at the age of 20. He and his family settled in Chelsea, Massachusetts where his father, Edward Holyoke, had a farm.

On September 20, 1640, Elizur Holyoke traveled to Springfield, Massachusetts and married Mary Pynchon, daughter of William Pynchon, the founder of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Holyoke and Pychon families appeared to be close friends, dating back to their days in England. Elizur and Mary Pynchon marriage was the first for the small community. (2)

In 1642, Elizur received 10 rods (English measurement of 16.5 linear feet per rod; a square plot of land) just off Chestnut Street in Springfield, MA. In 1643, other desirable lots were given to Elizur by his father-in-law, one being between what is now Worthington and Bridge Streets.

Land issues

In 1647, Elizur was the second largest land owner in Springfield, at 125 acres. William Pynchon had 237 acres. After William Pynchon's problems with the General Court of Boston and his eventual retreat to England, William’s son John Pynchon and Elizur Holyoke took control of Springfield, and in 1652 Elizur was appointed commissioner to govern the town of Springfield. (2)

In 1660, after the founding of Hadley and Northampton, a question arose regarding the exact boarders of Springfield, Massachusetts. The general court of Springfield, MA sent out two surveying parties to explore the surrounding regions. Elizur Holyoke served as head of one of these parties while Rowland Thomas headed the other party. While Holyoke traversed the east side of the Connecticut River, Thomas explored the west side of the Connecticut River. Lore holds that the two held a conversation over a narrow part of the river near Hockanum.

Mount Holyoke

It is commonly stated that Holyoke and Thomas gave their names to the mountains that stood at the end of their paths. Mount Holyoke was named for Elizur Holyoke, while Rowland Thomas named Mount Tom.

Career

In 1661, Elizur was chosen as Springfield's deputy to the General Court; 1662, he was appointed associate county judge - recorder of all courts; 1663, made the rank of Captain, and was a selectman and deputy to the general court; in 1675, the Holyoke home was destroyed during a raid by indians lead by Wequogan.

During the King Philips War, Capt. Elizur Holyoke was in command of the successful defense of Springfield, until his death in 1676, one account says not due directly to any injury. However, there are other accounts that say he was killed by the Wampanoag Indians on 5 Feb 1676.

Trivia

Contrary to some records both the city of Holyoke and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (now Mount Holyoke College) were named after the nearby mountain, Mount Holyoke, and not directly after Elizur Holyoke .
Elizur Holyoke's grandson Rev. Edward Holyoke was president of Harvard University from 1737 to 1769.

References

Harper, Wyatt. 'The Story of Holyoke. Holyoke, MA: Holyoke Centennial Committee, 1973.
Ella Merkel DiCarlo. "Holyoke - Chicopee; A Perspective." Transcript-Telegram (Holyoke, MA / 1982)
Josiah Gilbert Holland. "The Moutain Christening." notes circa 1660.
John Gibbs Holyoke. "Holyoke, A North American Family 1637 - 1992." Gateway Press, Inc. (Baltimore, 1993)