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Duke University is a private coeducational research university located in Durham, North Carolina, USA. The school, which officially became Duke University in 1924, traces its institutional roots to 1838.King, William E. A Brief Narrative History. Duke University Libraries. 2002. Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students.Mock, Geoffrey. Duke's Black Faculty Initiative Reaches Goal Early. Duke University Office of News and Communication. 21 Nov 2002.
The university is ranked among the world's best institutions academically.The Times Higher World University Rankings. The Times Higher Education Supplement. Accessed on 12 June 2006. In 2006, U.S. News & World Report ranked the undergraduate division fifth in the nation and the medical, law, and business schools among the top eleven in the country.America’s Best Colleges 2006. U.S. News & World Report. 2005. Duke’s research expenditures are among the largest in the U.S. and the athletic program is one of the nation’s elite.Sponsored Research Expenditures. Association of University Technology Managers. 2004.Directors Cup. National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics. 2006.
Besides academics, research, and athletics, Duke is also well known for its sizeable campus and Gothic architecture, especially Duke Chapel. The forested environs surrounding parts of campus belie the university's proximity to downtown Durham. Duke's 8,709 acres (35 km²) contain three main campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort, North Carolina. Construction projects have updated both the freshmen-housed Georgian style East Campus and the main Gothic style West Campus as well as the adjacent Medical Center over the past five years. Other projects are underway on on all three campuses, including a 20- to 50-year overhaul of Central Campus, the first phase of which is expected to be completed in Fall 2008 at an estimated cost of $240 million.Graham, David. 1st Phase of Central to cost about $240M. The Chronicle. 21 March 2006.Process Timeline. Duke University: Central Campus Planning. Accessed on 20 June 2006.
History
Beginnings
Duke University started as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in 1838 in Randolph County in the present-day town of Trinity. A Chronology of Significant Events in Duke University's History. Duke University Archives. Accessed on 19 July 2005. The school was organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers, and in 1841, North Carolina issued a charter for Union Institute Academy. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851 and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church. In 1892, Trinity moved to Durham, largely due to generosity from Washington Duke and Julian S. Carr, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco industry.King, William E. A Brief Narrative History. Duke University Libraries. 2002.
In 1924, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment with a $40 million ($434 million in 2005 dollars) trust fund. The annual income of the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, three colleges, and Trinity College. President William Preston Few insisted that the university be named Duke University, and James B. Duke agreed that it would be a memorial to his father and family. Money from the endowment allowed the university to grow quickly. Duke's original campus (East Campus) was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian-style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Gothic style buildings on the campus one mile west were completed, and construction on West Campus culminated with the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935.King, William E. A Brief Narrative History. Duke University Libraries. 2002.
Expansion and growth
Engineering, which had been taught since 1903, became a separate school in 1939. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the only Rose Bowl ever played outside of California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942. Increased activism on campus during the 1960s prompted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to speak at the university on the civil rights movement's progress on November 14, 1964.A Chronology of Significant Events. Duke University Archives. Accessed on 11 June 2006. The former governor of North Carolina, Terry Sanford, was elected president in 1969, propelling the Fuqua School of Business's opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs. The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972. Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union was fully constructed two years later. In 1986, the men's soccer team captured Duke's first NCAA championship, and the men's basketball team followed with championships in 1991, 1992 and 2001.Recent history
Duke University's growth and academic focus have contributed to the university's reputation as an academic and research institution. The school has regularly sent three-member teams to the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, earning the title of the best collegiate undergraduate math team in the United States and Canada in 1993, 1996 and 2000. In nine out of the past ten years, Duke's team has finished in the top three, the only school besides Harvard to do so.The Mathematical Association of America's William Lowell Putnam Competition. Mathematical Association of America. Accessed on 3 July 2006.Construction continued on campus, with the 314,000 square foot Levine Science Research Center (LSRC) opening in 1994 to house interdisciplinary research, and construction has continued. In 1998, Duke President Nan Keohane initiated a five-year $1.5 billion Campaign for Duke fundraising effort. Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. ('47) endowed the Pratt School of Engineering with a $35 million gift in 1999. The Campaign for Duke ended in 2003 with $2.36 billion raised, making it the fifth largest campaign in the history of American higher education.The Campaign for Duke. Robertson Scholars Program. Accessed on 11 June 2006.
In the 2004 fiscal year, research expenditures surpassed $490 million, leading to a myriad of important breakthroughs.University Reports. Duke University Office of Public Affairs. Accessed on 11 June 2006. In 2005, three students were named Rhodes Scholars, a number only surpassed by one university.Recently Elected U.S. Rhodes Scholars. Rhodes Trust. Accessed on 3 July 2006. Since 1990, 18 students have been honored with this scholarship.Willen, Liz. Harvard Rhodes Scholar Factory Spurs Imitation at U.S. Colleges. Bloomberg. 29 Dec 2004. Research in May 2006 included a blueprint for an invisibility cloak using "metamaterials".Plan for cloaking device unveiled. BBC News. Accessed on 11 June 2006.
Academics
Profile
Duke's student body consists of 6,244 undergraduates and 5,993 graduate and professional students. The undergraduate student body, containing nearly 40% ethnic minorities, come from all 50 U.S. States and 85 countries. The undergraduate class of 2010 had an acceptance rate of 19%, the lowest in university history. Fifty-eight percent of high school valedictorians were rejected. For the class of 2009, 96% of accepted students ranked in the top 10% of their high school class, the average SAT score was 1480 (old scale) or 2210 (new scale), and the ACT average was 32.Class of 2009 Profile. Duke Admissions. Accessed on 13 June 2006.Duke Mails Admissions Decisions to More than 19,000 Applicants for the Class Of 2010. Duke News & Communications. Accessed on 2 May 2006.Dagger, Jacob. Top of the Crop. Duke Magazine. Feb 2006.Duke University has two schools for undergraduates: Trinity College of Arts and Sciences and Pratt School of Engineering. The university's graduate and professional schools include the Graduate School, the Pratt School of Engineering, the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, the School of Medicine, the School of Nursing, the Fuqua School of Business, the School of Law, and the Divinity School.
Duke students have been honored in recent years as Rhodes, Fulbright (22 students in 2005), Marshall, Goldwater, and Truman Scholars.Recently Elected U.S. Rhodes Scholars. The Rhodes Trust. Accessed on 3 July 2006.Twenty-two Duke Graduates, Grad Students Receive Fulbright Scholarships. Duke News & Communications. 26 Sept 2005.Two Juniors Win Truman Scholarships. Duke University Development. 9 April 2004. Duke meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated need and gave financial aid to 42% of students in 2005-06. The average award was approximately $27,000, with $21,500 as grants. Duke also offers several merit based scholarships (see undergraduate scholarships).Financial Aid Statistics. Duke Financial Aid. Accessed on 13 June 2006. Duke's endowment was valued at $3.8 billion in 2005 making it the sixteenth-largest endowment in the U.S.http://www.nacubo.org/documents/research/FY05NESInstitutionsbyTotalAssets.pdf 2005 NACUBO Endowment Study.] National Association of College and University Business Officers. 23 Jan 2006. Duke's special academic facilities include an art museum, several language labs, the Duke Forest, a lemur center, a phytotron, a free electron laser, a nuclear magnetic resonance machine, a nuclear lab, and a marine lab. Duke also is a leading participant in the National Lambda Rail Network and runs a program for gifted children known as the Talent Identification Program, or TIP.
Undergraduate
Duke offers 36 arts and sciences majors, five engineering majors, and 46 additional majors that have been approved under Program II, which allows students to design their own interdisciplinary major. Sixteen certificate programs are also available. Students may pursue a combination of a total of up to three majors/minors/certificates. Eighty percent of undergraduates enroll in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, while the rest are in the Pratt School of Engineering.About Pratt. Pratt School of Engineering. Accessed on 22 June 2006.
Trinity's curriculum operates under the revised version of "Curriculum 2000". It ensures that students are exposed to a variety of "areas of knowledge" and "modes of inquiry". The curriculum aims to help students develop critical faculties and judgment by learning how to access, synthesize, and communicate knowledge effectively, acquiring perspective on current and historical events, conducting research and solving problems, and developing tenacity and a capacity for hard and sustained work. Additionally, freshmen can elect to participate in the FOCUS Program, which allows students to engage in an interdisciplinary exploration of a specific topic in a small group setting.
Pratt's curriculum, on the other hand, is narrower in scope, but still accommodates double majors in a variety of disciplines. The school emphasizes undergraduate research—opportunities for hands-on experiences arise through internships, fellowship programs, and the structured curriculum. Furthermore, for the class of 2005, 24% of Pratt undergraduates studied abroad, small compared to the percentage for Trinity undergradutes (46%), but much larger than the national average for engineering students (1.5%).Duke Study Abroad Statistics. Trinity College of Arts and Sciences. Accessed on 22 June 2006.Pratt Students. Pratt School of Engineering. Accessed on 22 June 2006.Loftus, Margaret. A Broader Perspective. American Society for Engineering Education. Jan 2006.Undergraduate Science and Engineering Students and Degrees. National Science Foundation. Accessed on 22 June 2006.
Research
Duke University’s research expenditures topped $490 million in 2004.University Reports. Duke University Office of Public Affairs. Accessed on 11 June 2006. In 2002-2003, Duke had the highest growth rate in NIH funding of the country's top 15 medical schools, receiving more than $245 million.The Rise of Research. Duke University: Year in Review. Accessed on 13 June 2006. Throughout history, Duke researchers have made several important breakthroughs, including biomedical engineering department's development of the world's first real-time, three-dimensional ultrasound diagnostic system and the first engineered blood vessels.Research – Duke BME. Pratt School of Engineering. Accessed on 13 June 2006. In the mechanical engineering department, Adrian Bejan developed the constructal theory, which explains the shapes that arise in nature. Duke has pioneered studies involving nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and complex systems in physics. In May 2006, Duke researchers mapped the final human chromosome, which made world news as the Human Genome Project was finally complete.Final genome 'chapter' published. BBC News. Accessed on 11 June 2006. Reports of Duke researchers' involvement in new AIDS vaccine research surfaced in June 2006.AIDS Vaccine Research Offers New Insights On Survival. Medical News Today. 13 June 2006.Rankings
In the 2006 U.S. News & World Report ranking of American national universities, Duke tied with Stanford for 5th. Duke was ranked the 11th-best university (tied with the London School of Economics) in the world in 2005 by The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES). In regard to "staffing level" (a measure of the amount of attention students receive from faculty as well as the number of international faculty and students), THES ranked Duke the 5th best university in the world. Duke was ranked 32nd globally and 24th nationally by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2005.Top 500 World Universities. Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Accessed on 7 July 2006. A survey by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education in 2002 ranked Duke as the best university in the country in regards to the integration of African American students and faculty.Ranking America's Leading Universities on Their Success in Integrating African Americans. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. 2002.In U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Graduate Schools 2007", Duke's medical school ranked 6th for research and tied for 6th in primary care. The law school ranked 11th, the business school tied for 11th, and the engineering school ranked 30th. In the rankings of doctoral programs, Duke ranked 5th in ecology and evolutionary biology, 5th in biomedical engineering, tied for 12th for doctoral programs in the sciences, tied for 21st in mathematics, tied for 25th in computer science, tied for 29th in physics, and ranked 38th in chemistry.
Campus
Duke University owns 217 buildings on 8,709 acres (35 km²) of land, which includes the 7,200 acre (29 km²) Duke Forest.Quick Facts About Duke. Duke News & Communications. Accessed on 1 July 2006. The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses, and the Medical Center. All the campuses are connected via a free bus service that runs frequently throughout the week. On the Atlantic coast in Beaufort, Duke owns 15 acres as part of its Marine Lab. One of the major public attractions on the Duke Campus is the 55 acre Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the 1930s.
As of November 1, 2005, Duke has spent $835 million dollars on 34 major construction projects initiated since February 2001.Mueller, Jared. Campus reaps benefits of facilities boom. The Chronicle Online. 1 Nov 2005. At that time, Duke initiated a five year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence". Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, and divinity schools, a new library, an art museum, a football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, and two genetic research buildings. By the end of 2006, the French Science Center, two medical-research buildings, a nursing-school addition, and a student plaza will be constructed.Dagger, Jacob. [http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/030406/building1.html Stones, Bricks, and Mortar: Building for Success. Duke Magazine. Mar-Apr 2006.
Libraries and museums
With more than 5.3 million volumes, the Duke University Library System is one of the ten largest private university library systems in the U.S.The Nation's Largest Libraries. American Library Association. Aug 2005. It contains 17.7 million manuscripts, 1.2 million public documents, and tens of thousands of films and videos. Besides the main William R. Perkins Library, the university also contains the separately administered Ford (business), Divinity School, Duke Law, and Medical Center Libraries.About Duke Libraries. Duke University Libraries. Accessed on 14 July 2005.Bostock Library, named for Board of Trustee member Roy J. Bostock, opened in the fall of 2005 as part of the University's Strategic Plan to supplement Duke's libraries. It contains over 80 study carrels, 500 seats, and nearly 100 computer stations, as well as over 70,000 linear feet of shelving for overflow books from Perkins Library as well as for new collections.
Nasher Museum of Art opened in the fall of 2005, replacing the undersized Duke University Museum of Art (DUMA). The museum, designed by Rafael Viñoly and named for Duke alumnus and art collector Raymond Nasher, contains over 13,000 pieces of art, including works by Andy Warhol, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Pablo Picasso.
West, East, and Central Campuses
West Campus, the heart of Duke University, houses all the sophomores, along with some juniors and seniors. Additionally, most of the academic and administrative centers reside there. "Main" West Campus, with Duke Chapel at its center, contains the majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and Medical Center are to the north. The campus, spanning 720 acres, includes Science Drive, which consists of science and engineering buildings. Finally, most of the campus eateries and sports facilities including the historic basketball stadium, Cameron Indoor Stadium, are on West.East Campus, the original location of Duke University, functions as a freshman campus as well as the home several academic departments. All freshmen—and only freshmen except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants—live on East in order to build class unity. The campus encompasses 97 acres and is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away from West Campus. The Art History, History, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies Departments are housed on East. Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program also reside on East. East Campus, a fully self-sufficient campus, contains the freshman dormitories, a dining hall, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium, a theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, and several academic buildings. Separated from downtown by a short walk, the area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972.
Central Campus, consisting of 122 acres between East and West campuses, houses around 850 juniors and seniors and about 200 professional students in apartments. It is home to the Nasher Museum of Art, the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Duke Police Department, the Duke School for Children, a Ronald McDonald House, and some administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, tennis courts, a sand volleyball court, a swimming pool, barbecue and picnic shelter as well as BBQ grills, a general gathering building called Devil's Den, and a convenience store.
Currently, there is a 20 to 50-year plan to completely restructure Central Campus. The idea is to develop an "academic village", serving as a mecca for the Duke community. The first phase, costing $240 million, involves replacing the outdated apartments. Other additions in the first phase include dining, academic, recreational, and service facilities. A key goal of the Central renovations is to reintegrate the area with the rest of the Duke campus, as it is connected to the other campuses by a circuitous, inefficient bus route.Duke University: Central Campus Planning. Duke University: Central Campus Planning. 2006.
Key places
Established in 1931, the Duke Forest today consists of 7,200 acres (29 km²) in six divisions located just west of Duke University's West Campus. Duke Forest is one of the largest continually-managed forests in the United States and demonstrates many different forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. The forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometerological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study. More than 30 miles (48 km) of trails are open to the public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding.Located inside the Duke Forest, the Duke Lemur Center (DLC) is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered prosimian primates. Founded in 1966, the Duke Lemur Center spans 85 acres (3.44 km²) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of lemurs, galagos and lorises.
Situated between West Campus and the apartments of Central Campus, the Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the early 1930s, occupy 55 acres (2.2 km²) and are divided into three major sections: the original Terraces and their immediate surroundings, the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants (containing a representation of the flora of the Southeastern United States), and the Culberson Asiatic Arboretum (devoted to plants of Eastern Asia). There are five miles (8 km) of allées, walks, and pathways throughout the Doris Duke Visitor’s Center and the surrounding gardens.
Directly north of West Campus, Duke University Medical Center (DUMC) combines one of the top-rated hospitals and one of the top-ranked medical schools in the U.S. Founded in 1930, the Medical Center occupies 7.5 million square feet (700,000 m²) in 90 buildings on 210 acres (8.5 km²).
Although located in the town of Beaufort, NC, Duke University Marine Lab on Pivers Island is part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, only 150 yards across the channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938. The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML).
Athletics
Duke's 26 varsity sports teams, known as the Blue Devils, compete in the NCAA's Division I Atlantic Coast Conference. Duke's teams have won eight NCAA team national championships—the women's golf team has won four (1999, 2002, 2005 and 2006), the men's basketball team has won three (1991, 1992, and 2001), and the men's soccer team has won one (1986). Historically, Duke's major rival has been the Tar Heels of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, especially in basketball (see Duke-UNC rivalry). The rivalry has led people to identify the two differing shades of blue in relation to their respective university—calling the lighter powder blue "Carolina blue" and the darker blue "Duke blue".Duke and UNC Students Expand Rivalry. BattleofTheBlues.com. Accessed on 15 July 2006.
In the past ten years, Duke has finished in the top 30 every year in the NACDA Director's Cup, an overall measure of an institution's athletic success. In the past two years, Duke has finished eighth (2006) and fifth (2005).Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2006). National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics. 29 June 2006.Sports Academy Directors' Cup (2005). National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics. 2005. Duke teams that have been ranked in the top ten nationally in the 2000s include men's and women's basketball, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's lacrosse, women's field hockey, and men's and women's golf. Eight of these teams were ranked either first or second in the country during 2004-5.Duke Athletics: Rankings. GoDuke.com. Accessed on 6 Jun 2006. Overall, 94% of Duke's varsity athletes graduate, the highest percentage in Division I.Colgate ranks highly in NCAA's new academic measurement. Colgate University News. 4 Mar 2005.
Men's basketball
Duke men's basketball, one of the best-known teams in college sports, is the fourth winningest college basketball program of all-time. The program's home facility is the historic Cameron Indoor Stadium. The team's success has been particularly outstanding over the past 25 years under coach Mike Krzyzewski (often simply called "Coach K"). Their successes include becoming the only team to win three national championships since the NCAA Tournament field was expanded to 64 teams in 1985, ten Final Fours in the last 21 years, and five straight ACC tournament championships from 1999 to 2003. Coach Kryzyzewski also was selected in October of 2005 to coach the U.S. Olympic Basketball team.Coach K – Coach. Coach K.com. Accessed on 14 July 2006.Football
The football team has been one of the least successful football programs in Division I-A over the past twenty years. The most famous Duke football season came in 1938, when Wallace Wade coached the "Iron Dukes" and shutout all their regular season opponents. Duke reached the national championship game, their first Rose Bowl appearance, where they lost 7-3 when USC scored a touchdown in the final minute of the game.Young, Jim. The 1938 Iron Duke: A Lasting Legacy. Duke Magazine. August 2003. Wade's Blue Devils lost another Rose Bowl to Oregon State in 1942, this one held at Duke's home stadium due to Pearl Harbor.The 1942 Durham Rose Bowl. Duke University Archives. Accessed on 14 July 2006. The graduation rate of Duke's football players is consistently among the highest among Division I-A schools. Duke has topped the list 12 years, earning it the most Academic Achievement Awards and twice as many as the closest contender.SMU Receives 2006 AFCA Academic Achievement Award. American Football Coaches Association. 2006.Student life
Residential life
Duke requires its students to live on campus for the first three years of undergraduate life, except for a small percentage of second semester juniors who are exempted by a lottery system. This requirement is justified by the administration as an effort to help students connect more closely with one another and sustain a sense of belonging within the Duke community.RLHS: Housing. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006.RLHS: Mission. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 7 July 2006. Thus, 85% of all undergradutes live on campus.Campus Life. U.S. News & World Report. Accessed on 20 June 2006. All freshmen are housed in one of fourteen dormitories on East Campus. These buildings range in occupancy size from only 50 residents (Epworth—the oldest dorm, built in 1892 as "the Inn") to 190 residents (Gilbert-Addoms).Epworth. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006.Gilbert-Addoms. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006. Most of these are in the Georgian style typical of the East Campus architecture, although a few newer ones differ in style. Two learning communities, incorporating the residential component of the Duke experience with students of similar academic and social interests, reside on East.RLHS: Communities. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006.Sophomore year students are required to reside on West Campus, again to build class unity. Juniors and seniors can elect to live on West Campus, space permitting. West Campus contains six quadrangles—the four along "Main" West were built in 1930, while two newer ones have since been added. West Campus is home to four learning communities including Campus Wellness and the Leadership and Civic Engagement communities. These groups are allocated "sections" of the quadrangles, thereby living close to one another, but still within the context of a larger living community. Additionally, 25 "selective living groups" are housed within sections on West, including 15 fraternities.Selective Living Groups. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006. Lastly, Central Campus provides housing for approximately 1,050 students (of which about 850 are undergraduate juniors or seniors) in 45 apartment buildings.Central Campus. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006. The majority of seniors, however, choose to live off campus.
Greek and social life
Fraternities and sororities are prominent on campus, but not overwhelming, as 29% of men and 42% of women pledge a Greek group.Campus Life. U.S. News & World Report. Accessed on 20 June 2006. While 15 of the 16 Interfraternity Council (IFC) recognized fraternity chapters live in sections within West Campus quads, the ten Panhellenic Association Sorority Chapters have no such living arrangement.Selective Living Groups. Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Accessed on 20 June 2006. Seven National Pan-Hellenic Council (historically African American) fraternities and sororities hold chapters at Duke.National Pan-Hellenic Chapters. Duke Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life. Accessed on 20 June 2006. Other fraternities not recognized by IFC typically have houses off-campus, which must be owned by seniors.The nearby bars and clubs on Durham's Ninth Street and the surrounding areas are a popular outlet for Greek and "independent" students alike. Students sometimes refer to their social life as occurring within the "Duke Bubble"—emphasizing the isolation of the Duke campus from the surrounding community and the relatively low levels of interaction between Durham residents and Duke students.Mendel, Tom. Memories through the lens. The Chronicle. Accessed on 20 June 2006. Fraternity chapters frequently host parties in their sections, which typically are more open to non-members than similar functions at other institutions due to the fact that independents live in the same building as the fraternity members. In the mid 1990s, the administration significantly reduced the number of on-campus kegs by requiring students to not only purchase kegs directly from the university, but also to hire expensive university bartenders. According to administrators, the rule change was intended as a way to increase on-campus safety,Moulton, Jessica. Keg prices reduced by $10; bartenders remain expensive. The Chronicle. Accessed on 20 June 2006. but many students see the administration's increasingly strict policies as an attempt to undermine social life at Duke.DeLuca, Jerry and Vrettos, Christopher. Honestly, the administration wants no kegs. The Chronicle. Accessed on 20 June 2006. As a result, off-campus parties have become more frequent in the past few years as they are not under the umbrella of Duke's policies. However, these off campus parties have come under fire as they have escalated in debauchery and the widely reported lacrosse scandal broke. Many of these houses are situated in the midst of family homes prompting neighbors to complain about excessive noise and other violations. Police have responded by invading several houses hosting parties, breaking them up, handing out citations, and arresting others.Mueller, Jared. Buchanan Blues. The Chronicle. Accessed on 20 June 2006.
Athletics, particularly men's basketball, is a significant component of Duke's social life. Duke's students have been recognized as some of the most creative, original, and abrasive fans in all of collegiate athletics.Cameron’s Craziest. ESPN. Accessed on 20 June 2006. Students, often referred to as Cameron Crazies, show their support of the men's basketball team by "tenting" for home games against key ACC rivals, especially UNC. Because tickets to all varsity sports are free to students, setting up a line of tents weeks in advance of big games has evolved as the only sure way of being admitted. The total number of participating tents is capped at 100 (each tent can have up to 12 occupants), though interest is such that it could exceed that number if space permitted. Tenting involves setting up and inhabiting a tent on the grass by Cameron Indoor Stadium, an area known as Krzyzewskiville, or K-ville for short. There are different categories of tenting based on the length of time and number of people that must be in the tent. At night, K-ville often turns into the scene of a party or occasional concert. The men's basketball coach, Mike Krzyzewski, is known to occasionally buy pizza for the inhabitants of the tent village.Kville. Duke Student Government. Accessed on 20 June 2006.
Activities
Approximately 400 student clubs and organizations run on Duke's campus. These include numerous student government, special interest, and service organizations.Activities and Organizations. Duke University Admissions. 20 June 2006. Duke Student Government (DSG) charters and provides most of the funding for these organizations, and represents students' interests when dealing with the administration.Duke Student Government. Duke Student Government. Accessed on 20 June 2006. One of the most popular activities on campus is competing in sports. Duke has 35 sports clubs and 29 intramural teams that are officially recognized.Clubs. Duke: HPER. Accessed on 20 June 2006. According to The Princeton Review, Duke is one of 81 institutions in the country with outstanding community service programs.Duke civic engagement program earns national recognition. Duke University Division of Student Affairs. 2005. Duke's Community Service Center (CSC) oversees 31 student-run service organizations that run in Durham and the surrounding area. Examples of such programs include a weeklong camp for children of cancer patients (Camp Kesem) and a group that promotes awareness about sexual health, rape prevention, alcohol and drug use, and eating disorders (Healthy Devils). The Duke-Durham Neighborhood Partnership, started by the Office of Community Affairs, attempts to address major concerns of local residents and schools by utilizing university resources. Another community project, "Scholarship with a Civic Mission", is a joint program between the Hart Leadership Program and the Kenan Institute for Ethics. Other programs include: Project CHILD, a tutoring program involving 80 first-year volunteers; Project HOPE, an after-school program for at-risk students in Durham which was awarded a $2.25 million grant from the Kellogg Foundation in 2002; and Project BUILD, a freshman volunteering group that dedicates 3300 hours of service to a variety of projects such as schools, Habitat for Humanity, food banks, substance rehabilitation centers, and homeless shelters.Community Service Center. Duke University Division of Student Affairs. Accessed on 14 June 2006. Some courses at Duke incorporate service as part of the curriculum in order to augment material learned in class such as in psychology or education courses (known as service learning classes).Dean, Ashley. Duke Students Mix Service With Academics. The New York Times. 11 Nov 2005.The Chronicle, Duke's independent undergraduate daily newspaper, has been continuously published since 1905 and has a print readership of about 30,000.The Chronicle: About Us. The Chronicle. Accessed on 14 July 2006. Its editors are responsible for coining the term "Blue Devil". The newspaper won Best in Show in the tabloid division at the 2005 Associated Collegiate Press National College Media Convention.The Chronicle heralded at conference. The Chronicle. 31 Oct 2005. Cable 13, established in 1976, is Duke's all student-run television station. It stands as a popular activity for students interested in film production and media, but is not commonly watched by the wider student body.Cable 13. Cable 13. Accessed on 20 June 2006.
Several cultural groups exist on campus such as the Asian Student Association, AQUADuke (Alliance of Queer Undergraduates), Black Student Alliance, Dance Black, Diya (South Asian Association), Freeman Center for Jewish Life, Mi Gente (Latino Student Association), International Association/International Council, Muslim Student Association, Native American Student Coalition, Newman Catholic Student Center, and Students of the Caribbean.Cultural & Ethnic Organizations. Duke University Admissions. Accessed on 19 June 2006.
Alumni
Duke alumni are active through organizations and events such as the annual Reunion Weekend and Homecoming. There are 75 Duke clubs in the U.S. and 38 international clubs.Duke Clubs in U.S.. Duke Alumni Association. Accessed on 5 July 2006. For the 2004-2005 fiscal year, Duke ranked fourth in alumni giving rate among U.S. colleges and universities.Alumni Giving Rates. U.S. News & World Report. Accessed on 5 July 2006. A number of Duke alumni have made significant contributions in the fields of government, law, academia, business, arts, journalism, and athletics, among others.
Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, Elizabeth Dole, senior United States Senator of North Carolina and former President of the American Red Cross, and Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile from 2000 to 2006, are the most notable alumni with involvement in politics. In the research realm, Duke graduates who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics include Hans Dehmelt, Robert Richardson, and Charles Townes.
Several alumni hold top positions at large companies. The current or former Chairman, President, Vice president, or CEO of the following Fortune 500 companies is a Duke alumnus: BB&T Corporation (John A. Allison IV), Bear Stearns (Alan Schwartz), Boston Scientific Corporation (Peter Nicholas), Cisco Systems (John Chambers), ExxonMobil (Rex Adams), General Motors Corporation (Rick Wagoner), Morgan Stanley (John J. Mack), Norfolk Southern (David R. Goode), Northwest Airlines (Gary L. Wilson), PepsiCo, Inc. (Karl von der Heyden), and Pfizer (Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.). A Duke alumnus is Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (Kevin Martin) and Public Broadcasting System (Rex Adams). Another alumna, Melinda Gates, is the co-founder of the $29.2 billion Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the nation's wealthiest charitable foundation.Foundation Fact Sheet. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Accessed on 3 July 2006.The Nation's 10 Wealthiest Foundations. The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Accessed on 3 July 2006.
Notable alumni journalists and media personalities include John Feinstein, Charlie Rose, and Judy Woodruff. Sean McManus is president of both CBS Sports and CBS News, while Dan Abrams is General Manager of MSNBC. Editors of several publications such as Fortune Magazine (Rik Kirkland), New York Magazine (Clay Felker), and The Wall Street Journal (John Harwood) are alumni. In the arts realm, Annabeth Gish (actress in the X-Files and The West Wing), and Randall Wallace (screenwriter, producer, and director, Braveheart, Pearl Harbor, We Were Soldiers), headline the list. Finally, several athletes have become stars at the professional level, especially in basketball’s NBA. Grant Hill is among the most famous.
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