Djer is the second Egyptian king of the first dynasty. Manetho gives him the name Athothis, or Atoti.

Almost nothing is known about the life of Djer. According to Manetho, he reigned 57 years, but according to modern research (Von Beckerath's Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten) his reign lasted only two years (3000 BC-2999 BC).

He probably fought several battles against the Libyans in the Nile delta.

Like his predecessor, Hor-Aha, he was buried in the holy place Abydos. Close to his grave is another, that probably belongs to his wife Merneith, mother of the later king Den, and possibly his regent during his youth.

From the Eighteenth dynasty, his tomb was revered as the tomb of Osiris.

The evidence for Djer's life is:

• tomb in Umm el-Qa'ab, Abydos;
• seal prints from graves 2185 and 3471 in Saqqara;
• inscriptions in graves 3503, 3506 and 3035 in Saqqara

Further reading

• Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, London/New York 1999, ISBN 0415186331, 71-73

Pharaohs

Djer | Djer | Dyer | Djer | Djer | Džeras | Djer | ジェル | Djer | Dżer | Djer | Djer | Джер | Džer | Djer