Diamantino is a small town in Mato Grosso state in Brazil. Its has a population of 2147, and is near the Diamantino river. It is 1837 feet above sea-level, and sits at the foot of the Mato Grosso plateau. Its history dates from 730 as a gold mining settelment. In 1746, diamonds were discovered, which made the town's population swell and prosper. The amount of diamonds was greatly underestimated, and the town population has gone into steady decline ever since. Ipecacuanha and vanilla beans grown and exported presently.