This is a list of states which were part of the Holy Roman Empire at any time within the empire's existence between 962 and 1806.

1700's: The Holy Roman Empire consisted of over 1800 separate immediate territories governed by distinct authorities.
1792: There were approximately 150 secular territorial rulers with the status of Imperial Estate.

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Table of contents
Table of states Key Table Grouped lists Ecclesiastical orders Livonian territories Territories of Old Princely Families Italian territories Territories of New Princely Families See also

Table of states

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Warning: The list is in development, and as yet far from complete.

Whilst any such list could never be truly definitive, nevertheless the list below attempts to be as comprehensive as possible.

It is not limited to feudal entities that possessed Reichsunmittelbarkeit, i.e. under direct authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, but includes quite some other lordships, sous-fiefs and allodial fiefs.

There is also a separate list of Imperial Free Cities, as well as a list of participants in the Reichstag as of 1792.

Key

• The "Circle" column shows the Imperial Circle (Reichskreis) that the state belonged to.
• The "Bench" column shows where the state was represented in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).

Circles		Benches
Aust	Austrian Circle	EL	College of Electoral Princes, the exclusive elite formally electing the Holy Roman Emperor
Bav	Bavarian Circle	EC	Spiritual Bench of the College of Princes (individual voice)
Burg	Burgundian Circle	PR	Secular Bench of the College of Princes (individual voice)
El Rhin	Electoral Rhenish Circle	RP	Rhenish prelates (College of Princes)
Franc	Franconian Circle	SP	Swabian prelates (College of Princes)
Low Rhen	Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle	FC	Franconian counts (College of Princes)
Low Sax	Lower Saxon Circle	SC	Swabian counts (College of Princes)
Upp Rhin	Upper Rhenish Circle	WE	Westphalian counts (College of Princes)
Upp Sax	Upper Saxon Circle	WT	Wetterau counts (College of Princes)
Swab	Swabian Circle	RH	Rhenish Bench of the College of Imperial Cities
None	"Circle-free"	SW	Swabian Bench of the College of Imperial Cities

Note that in the "Circle" column, "n/a" denotes a state that had ceased to exist before the Reichsreform.

Other abbreviations used in the list are:

Abp.	Archbishopric
Bp.	Bishopric
Co.	Countship (sometimes also called county)
D.	Duchy
Ldg.	Landgraviate
Mrg.	Margraviate
Pr.	Principality
RA	Reichsabtei (Imperial abbacy, an monastery enjoying Reichsumitelbarkeit)

Definition of Terms

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Imperial Abbey Reichsabt: A Reichsabt, literally 'Imperial Abbot' or 'Abbot of the Empire', was an Abbot whose abbey was granted within the Holy Roman Empire the status of Reichsabtei (or Reichskloster), literally 'Imperial Abbey' (or - Monastery), meaning that it enjoyed Reichsfreiheit, like an Imperial City, making him a prince of the church, with the rank of a Prince of the Empire, like a prince-bishop.

Imperial Circle: An Imperial Circle (in German Reichskreis, plural Reichskreise) was a regional grouping of states of the Holy Roman Empire, primarily for the purpose of organising a common defence and of collecting imperial taxes, but also as a means of organisation within the Reichstag (Imperial Diet).

Imperial Diet Reichstag (institution): The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and Germany until 1945.

Imperial Estate: An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (German singular: Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was an entity in the Holy Roman Empire with a vote in the Reichstag or Imperial Diet. Several states had no seats in the Empire, while some officials (such as the Hereditary Usher) were non-voting members; neither qualified as Imperial States.

Imperial Free City: In the Holy Roman Empire, an imperial free city (in Dutch: vrije rijksstad, German: freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes (Fürsten) of the Empire, such as dukes or prince-bishops. Free cities also had independent representation in the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire.

Imperial Immediacy Reichsfreiheit: The Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit (adjectives reichsfrei, reichsunmittelbar) was a privileged feudal and political status, a form of statehood, which a city, religious entity or feudal principality of minor lordship could attain whithin the Holy Roman Empire. It is translated as

imperial immediacy

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. A reichsfrei city, abbey or territory was under the direct authority of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Imperial Diet, without any intermediary Liege lord(s). Advantages were that reichsfrei regions had the right to collect taxes and tolls themselves, and held juridical rights (including the Blutgericht, 'high' justice including capital punishment) themselves. De facto Reichsfreiheit corresponded to a semi-independence with a far-reaching autonomy.

Imperial Reform: In 1495, an attempt was made at a Reichstag in the city of Worms to give the disintegrating Holy Roman Empire a new structure, commonly referred to as Imperial Reform (in German: Reichsreform).

Imperial State: An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (German singular: Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was an entity in the Holy Roman Empire with a vote in the Reichstag or Imperial Diet.

Mediatization: Mediatization, defined broadly, is the annexation of one monarchy by another monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the annexed state keeps his or her noble title, and sometimes a measure of power. Thus, for example, when a sovereign county is annexed to a larger principality, its reigning count might find himself subordinated to a prince, but would nevertheless remain a count, rather than be stripped of his title.

Prince of the Empire: A Prince of the Empire is any ruling Prince whose territory is a member of the Holy Roman Empire (not only German-speaking countries, but also many bordering and extensive neighbouring regions) and entitled to a voting seat (or in a collective voting unit, such as the Grafenbank) in Imperial Diet or "Reichstag".

Prince-abbot: A Prince-abbott is a cleric who is a prince of the church (like a prince-bishop) in the sense of an ex-offico temporal lord of a feudal entity, known as prince-abbacy or abbey-principality, in an area that is ruled by the head of an abbey. The designated abbey may be a monastery or a convent. Thus, because of the possibility of it being a convent, an abbey-principality is one of the only cases in which the rule can be restricted to female incumbents, styled princess-abbess. In many cases they were prince of the empire of a Reichsabtei in or near Germany, with a seat in the Reichstag (imperial diet).

Prince-Bishop: A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial prince of the church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent nobiliary titles held concurrently with their inherent clerical office. If the see is an archbishopric, the correct term is prince-archbishop; the equivalent in the regular clergy is a prince-abbot.

Prince-elector: The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire (German: singular, Kurfürst, plural, Kurfürsten) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Holy Roman Emperors.

Secularization: Secularization is a process of transformation as a society slowly migrates from close identification with the local institutions of religion to a more clearly separated relationship.

Notes Column

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In the "Notes" column, it is interesting to show, in capsule form, the a) territorial development of the different states or polities (acquisition or loss of possessions, union of rulers or dynasties, etc.); b) royal or noble dynasties, including their various branches, which ruled over territories or polities; c) transmission of succession rights (marriage, female succession, conquest, cession, pledge, etc.); d) attributes of "statehood" (right to mint coins, holding markets and fairs, entering into treaties and pacts, appointment of civil officials, etc.) and e) the size of territory and population of the various polities whenever data is available.

State of the Empire (Reichsstand)

The following excerpt from Francois Velde's "Unequal and Morganatic Marriages in German Law" provides an excellent overview on what a "State of the Empire" is. He has other very informative and well-researched articles in his "Heraldica" web site.

"The special status of these families manifested itself in the constitution of the Empire as it evolved in the 16th c. (Please see first a general presentation of the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.) To the status of territorial ruler corresponded a seat and vote in one of the colleges of the Reichstag, the Imperial Diet. In the late 16th c., the multiplication of votes due to territorial fragmentation led to reforms. After the Diet held at Augsburg in 1582, the list of votes remained fixed, notwithstanding further territorial divisions. Furthermore, the right to vote became attached to a land, rather than to a person or family (of course, land was inheritable within families). A member of the Diet with seat and vote (individual or shared) was called a Reichsstand, or state of the Empire.

"At some point (Abt 1911, 103 n2 cites various possible dates, from the turn of the 16th c. to 1653 to the 18th c.), the definition of Hochadel became congruent with being a Reichsstand (adjective: reichsständisch). The reason is that the Emperor, as 'fons nobilitatium,' had the power to create new princes, counts and barons of the Empire, a power which he began to use more frequently. The existing princes, counts and barons were obviously loathe to see the value of their title diminished. The members of the Diet complained and, after 1582, it became the rule that such new princes and counts would not of right have a seat at the Diet. Furthermore, in 1653 the Electoral Capitulation included strict rules on the process by which the Emperor could create new states of the Empire. In particular, any new member had to possess an immediate territory of sufficient size, and had to be accepted by his peers (princes or counts).

"Thus a distinction emerged between families that were part of the Diet in 1582 : the 'old princely' and 'old comital' (altfürstliche, altgräfliche) families -- families who were admitted to the Diet between 1582 and 1803:

the 'new princely' (neufürstliche) and 'new comital' (neugräfliche) families -- families or individuals who received the title of Reichsfreiherr, Reichsgraf or Reichsfürst but were not admitted to the Diet.

"Only the first two groups were part of the Hochadel. Those in the third group were titular counts and princes but in no way accepted as part of the Hochadel.

"Thus it would seem that having a seat and vote in the Reichstag would be a clear criterion for belonging to the Hochadel. But there were further complications:

"In principle, the possession of a territory was a pre-condition for admission in the Diet. However, in the second half of the 18th century a number of counts sat on the counts' benches without any such territory. They were called "personalists" because they had been admitted on a personal basis (ad personam), and some jurists did not consider them to be part of the upper nobility (e.g., Pütter 1795, 143).

"Possession of a large immediate territory was a condition for entry, but not a condition for remaining in the Diet. It happened that territories became subjected to another state of the Empire, thus losing immediate status; yet the owner remained in the Diet. Examples include XXX.

"Consequently, whereas, in the 16th century, it was fairly easy to say who was in the upper nobility and who wasn't, it had become more difficulty by the turn of the 19th century.

"Three concepts came into play:

immediate status (Reichsunmittelbarkeit),

sovereignty over a territory (Landeshoheit),

seat and vote at the Diet (Reichsstandschaft).

"The three were 'usually' related, in that the sovereign of a territory was a state of the Empire, and a state of the Empire usually had sovereignty over an immediate territory; but there were exceptions both ways. Various authors emphasized one or a combination of these elements. Thus, Runde (1791) required all three; Pütter emphasized sovereignty; Gönner and Leist emphasized seat and vote at the Diet (in distinction with the imperial knighthood, see below). Among 19th century authors, the main division was between those who required all three criteria , and those who considered Reichsstandschaft to be the sole criterion (Hohler, Klüber, Zoepf, Rehm).

"Using the second, slightly broader concept, at the end of the 18th century the high nobility consisted of those families which had seat and vote at the Imperial Diet, with title of either prince or count (the last baronial family died out in 1775), numbering about 25 princely (fürstliche) and 80 comital (gräfliche) families."

Table

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Aach	Lordship
Aachen	Imperial City			1306	1500: Westphalian Circle 1801: Annexed to France
Aalen	1360: Imperial City	SW			1500: To Swabian Circle 1803: Annexed to D. of Württemberg
Aalst (Imperial Flanders)	County out of the Brabantgau			imperial fief to County of Flanders (under the French crown) from 1056/1059
Aarberg Aarburg	HRE County				To Berne
Abensberg-Traun	1653: County of Abensberg and Traun				Acquired Egloff
Adendorf	1554: Lordship 1653: Barony 1711: County			1554: Partitioned from Saffig-Olbrück	1806: Raised to a principality as Pr. of the Leyen
Ahr	County	n/a	n/a	1107	1210: Annexed to Co. of Nürburg
Aichen	Lordship	n/a	n/a	1323: Partitioned from Lordship of Hohenrechberg	Partitioned several times 1738: Remaining partitions were annexed to Lordship of Osterberg
Albeck	Lordship	n/a	n/a		1383: Annexed to Ulm
Aldenburg HRE Count of Aldenburg, Lord of the Free Lordship of Knyphausen, Noble Lord of Varel	1646: HRE Nobility 1651: immediate Lords of Knyphausen and Varel 1651: HRE Barony
Aletzheim	County			1439: Partitioned from Lordship of Pappenheim	1697: Annexed to Co. of Pappenheim
Allersberg	Lordship	n/a		1343: Partitioned from Lordship of Wolfstein	1474: Annexed to Lordship of Sulzburg
Alpheim	County			1465: Partitioned from Co. of Neuenahr	1589: Annexed to Co. of Moers
Alsace (German: Elsaß)	Duchy			640	Partitioned into Lower Alsace and Upper Alsace 1469: Duke of Austria sold Upper Alsace to Duke of Burgundy 1477: Austria regained full control of Upper Alsace 1648: Upper Alsace annexed to France 1679: Lower Alsace annexed to France
Alsace and Burgundy	Bailiwick (Ballei) of Teutonic Order				1793: Council of Princes
Alt-Bruchhausen	County	n/a	n/a	1234: Partitioned from Co. of Bruchhausen	1338: Annexed to Co. of Hoya
Alt-Eberstein	County	n/a	n/a	1207: Partitioned from the Usgau	1283: Annexed to Co. of Neu-Eberstein
Alt-Katzenelnbogen	County	n/a	n/a	1245: Partitioned from Ldg. of Katzenelnbogen	1403: Annexed to Co. of Neu-Katzenelnbogen
Altena	County	n/a	n/a	10th century	1160: Merged with parts of Co. of Berg and became known as Altena-Berg 1180: Known as Altena again 1249: Merged with Co. of Mark 1367: Altena granted a charter by Count Engelbert III of Mark 1609: To Brandenburg 44.3 sq. km.
Altena-Berg	County	n/a	n/a	1160: Formed by merger of Altena with parts of Co. of Berg	1180: Became known as Altena
Altensteig	Lordship
An der Etsch "On the Adige"	Bailiwick (Ballei) of the Teutonic Order				c1260: Bailiwick founded 1512: Austrian Circle
Andechs	County
Andechs-Meran	Duchy
Andelfingen	Lordship
Anhalt	1212: County 1218: HRE Prince 1250: Principality 1863:Duchy of Anhalt 1918: Free State of Anhalt	Upp Sax	PR	1173: Split off from D. of Saxony	1252: Partitioned into Principalities of Anhalt-Aschersleben, Anhalt-Bernburg, and Anhalt-Zerbst; 1570: Reunified 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1603: Partitioned into Principalities of Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-Köthen, Anhalt-Plötzkau, and Anhalt-Zerbst 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Anhalt-Aschersleben	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1252: Created on partition of Pr. of Anhalt	1322:Annexed to Bp. of Halberstadt
Anhalt-Bernburg Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg, Duke of Saxony, Angaria & Westphalia, Count of Ascania, Lord of Bernburg & Zerbst	1603: Principality 1806: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1252: Created on partition of Pr. of Anhalt	1468: Annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst 1603: Re-established on partition of Pr. of Anhalt 1834: To Anhalt-Dessau 1863: To Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen
Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1727: Created on merger of Co. of Holzapfel and Pr. of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym
Anhalt-Dessau Duke of Anhalt(-Dessau), Duke of Saxony, Angaria & Westphalia, Count of Ascania, Lord of Bernburg, Zerbst & Gröbzig	1603: Principality 1807: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1396: Created on partition of Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst	1561: Annexed back to Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst 1603: Re-established on the partition of the Pr. of Anhalt 1853: Merges with Anhalt-Köthen to form Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen
Anhalt-Dornburg	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1667: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst	1742: Re-annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst
Anhalt-Harzgerode	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1635: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Bernburg	1709: Annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Köthen Anhalt-Kothen Anhalt-Cothen Duke of Anhalt-Köthen, Duke of Saxony, Angaria & Westphalia, Count of Ascania, Lord of Bernburg & Zerbst	1603:Principality 1807: Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen	Upp Sax	PR	1396: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst	1552: Annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Dessau 1603: Re-established on the partition of the Pr. of Anhalt 1847: To Anhalt-Dessau
Anhalt-Mühlingen	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1667: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst	1714: Re-annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst
Anhalt-Pless	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1755: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Köthen
Anhalt-Plötzkau	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1544: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Dessau	1553: Annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Zerbst 1603: Re-established on the partition of the Pr. of Anhalt 1665: Annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Köthen
Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1718: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt-Bernburg	1727: Merged with Co. of Holzapfel to form Pr. of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Anhalt-Zerbst	Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1252: Partitioned from Pr. of Anhalt	1396: Partitioned into Principalities of Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen 1544: Re-established on the partition of Pr. of Anhalt-Dessau 1796: Annexed to Pr. of Anhalt-Dessau
Anholt	1169: HRE Lordship 1621: HRE County	Low Rhen	WF		1169: Anholt castle built by William I, Prince-Bishop of Utrecht 1234: Ruled by Lords of Zuylen-Anholt 1300's: Granted immediate status during rule of Stephen I, Lord of Anholt, 1317-1343 1346: Lords of Anholt first minted money 1349: Granted city rights by Theodoric of Anholt 1380: Death of last male of Lord of Anholt; his daughter and heiress Herberga married Hermann III of Gemen died 1399: To Gemen 1402-1641: To Bronchhorst-Batenburg through marriage of Margaret of Gemen 1431: Emperor Sigismund confirmed Bronchhorst-Batenburgs as Lords of Anholt with the rights to mint coinage and hold festivals and immediate status 1641-1810: Inherited by the Princes of Salm-Salm through marriage to the heiress of Count Theodoric IV (d.1641) 1653: Imperial Estate of Bench of Counts of Westphalia 1738: Line of Salm-Salm died out; Anholt passed to the line of Salm-Hoogstraten (renamed Salm-Salm in 1739) ?-1813: French occupation 1815: To Prussia
Ansbach	Margraviate				1500: Franconian Circle
Antwerp Antwerpen	Margraviate	Burg			1512: Burgundian Circle
Aosta	1310: Duchy				1539-1563: French occupation
Appenzell	Imperial valley			1507: Split off from Abbey of St. Gall	1597: Partitioned into Appenzell Innerrhoden and Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Appenzell Ausserrhoden	Imperial valley			1597: Partitioned from Appenzell	1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Appenzell Innerrhoden	Imperial valley			1597: Partitioned from Appenzell	1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Arenberg Aremberg	?: County 1576: HRE Princely County 1644: Duchy	El Rhin	PR	c1177	1512: To Electoral Rhenish Circle 1580: HRE Council of Princes 1810: Mediatized
Arlon	County c1167: Margraviate	n/a		950	1214: United with County of Luxemburg 1221: Annexed to D. of Limburg
Arnsberg	County
Artois	1237: County	Burg			1512: Burgundian Circle
Asch	Lordship
Aschaffenburg	1803: Principality			1803	900's: Imperial Chancellor and Archbishop Willigis of Mainz acquired ownership of Aschaffenburg 1803: Granted to the Chancellor, Karl Theodor von Dalberg 1806: Annexed to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt 1814: To Bavaria
Aspremont-Lynden	1590: Imperial Barony Imperial County				1590: immediate Barons of Reckheim 1623: Imperial Estate
Auersperg HRE Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Gottschee, Princely Count of Thengen, Count of Wels, Lord of Schönberg & Seissenberg, etc.	1550: Imperial Barony 1630: Imperial County 1653: Imperial Prince 1664: Princely County			1795: Partitioned into iteslf, Pr. of Auersperg-Schönfeldscher and Auersperg-Zweig	1654: Imperial Estate 1654: HRE Council of Princes 1654-1791: Dukes of Silesia-Munsterberg and Frankestein 1663: Became immediate Lords of Thengen 1664: To Swabian Circle, Princes' Bench 1791: Non-immediate Dukes of Gottschee (in the Austrian hereditary lands)
Auersperg-Schönfeldscher	1795-1806: Principality			1795: Partitioned from Pr. of Auersperg	1806: Mediatised to Austria
Auersperg-Zweig	Principality			1795: Partitioned from Pr. of Auersperg	1806: Mediatised to Austria
Augsburg	1203: Bishopric Prince-Bishopric	EC		c888	1500: To Swabian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Annexed to Bavaria 1803: Secularized to Bavaria
Augsburg	1276: Imperial Free City	SW		1276	14 B.C.: Founded by Augustus 1488-1534: Joined Swabian League 1500: To Swabian Circle 1632-1635: Swedish occupation 1806Annexed to Bavaria
Austria Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, odomeria, & Illyria, King of Jerusalem, etc., Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany & Crakow, Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola & the Bukovina, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Markgrave of Moravia, Duke of the Upper & Lower Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza & Guastalla, Auschwitz & Zator, Teschen, Friaul, Raguse & Zara, Princely Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg, Goritia & Gradisca, Prince of Trient & Brixen, Markgrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia & in Istria, Count of Hohenems/Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc., Lord of Triest, Cattaro, the Slavic * Mark, Grand Voyvode of the Voyvodina of Serbia	c960: Margraviate 1156: Duchy 1359: Archduke 1453: Archduchy 1804: Empire of Austria	Aust	PR	960	833: Margraviate of Austria created 976: Austria separated from Duchy of Bavaria 1192: Inherited Styria 1379-1457: Partition into Austria (Albertine Line) and "Inner Austria" (Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, County of Tyrol and the "Vorlande", to Leopoldine Line)) 1457: Albertine line died out; Austria to Leopoldine line 1512: Austrian Circle 1520-1534: Administered Duchy of Wurttemberg 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Austria	Bailiwick (Ballei) of the Teutonic Order				1512: Austrian Circle 1793: Council of Princes

B

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Baar	Landgraviate	Swab			1500: To Swabian Circle
Babenhausen	Lordship 1803: HRE Principality				1237: 1st mention of Babenhausen 1100's: Babenhausen and Schonegg part of Lordship of Kellmunz 1200-1300's: To Lords of Schonegg 1378: To Lords of Rechberg 1539: Anton Fugger bought Lordship of Babenhausen 1803: Lordships of Babenhausen, Boos and Kettershausen erected into Principality of Babenhausen for Fugger family 1806: To Bavaria Area: 52 sq. km.; Pop. 11,000
Babenhausen-Mindelheim-Cellmünz	Lordship			1432: Partitioned from Staufeneck-Babenhausen	1487: Divided into Frundsburg and Kronburg
Baden Grand Duke of Baden, Duke of Zähringen, Landgrave of Nellenburg, etc, Overlord & Hereditary Lordund Erbherr in the Baar & of Stühlingen, Heiligenberg, Hausen, Möskirch, Hohenhöwen, Wildenstein & Waldsberg, Mosbach & Dürn, Bischofsheim, Hardheim & Lauda, the Klettgau, Krautheim, Wertheim, Neudenau & Billigheim, Count of Salem, Petershausen & Hanau	1112: Margraviate 1362: HRE Margrave 1803: Electorate 1806: Grand Duchy	PR		c960	>1190: Partitioned into Baden-Baden and Baden-Hachberg 1387: Received a part of the County of Eberstein 1500: To Swabian Circle 1535: Partitioned into Upper Margraviate of Baden (Baden-Baden) and Lower Margraviate of Baden (Baden-Durlach) 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1771: Baden-Baden line extinct; Baden reunited 1806: Joined Confederation of the Rhine 1871: Joined the German Empire 1849: Republic of Baden 1918: Republic of Baden
Baden-Baden	Margraviate	Swab	PR	1190: Partitioned from Baden	1291: Partitioned into Baden-Baden, Baden-Eerstein and Baden-Pforzheim 1335: Divided between Baden-Eberstein and Baden-Pforzheim 1348: Partitioned from Baden-Pforzheim 1515: Partitioned into itself, Baden-Durlach and Baden-Sponheim 1536: Partitioned into itself and Baden-Rodemachern 1588: Annexed to Baden-Rodemachern 1622: Partitioned from Baden-Durlach 1771: United to form Baden
Baden-Durlach	Margraviate	Swab	PR	1515: Partitioned from Baden-Baden	1577: Partitioned into itself, Baden-Hachberg and Baden-Sausenburg 1771: United to form Baden
Baden-Eberstein	Margraviate			1291: Partitioned from Baden-Baden	1353: Annexed to Baden-Pforzheim
Baden-Hochberg Baden-Hachberg	Margraviate	Swab	PR	1190: Partitioned from Baden	1290: Partitioned into itself and Baden-Sausenburg 1415: Annexed to Baden-Baden 1482: Partitioned from Baden-Baden 1488: Annexed to Baden-Baden 1577: Partitioned from Baden-Durlach 1591: Annexed to Baden-Durlach
Baden-Pforzheim	Margraviate	n/a	n/a	1291: Partitioned from Baden-Baden	1315: Partitioned into itself and Baden-Baden 1361: Annexed to Baden-Baden
Baden-Rodemachern	Margraviate	Swab		1537: Partitioned from Baden-Baden	1575: Partitioned into itself and Baden-Rodenheim 1596: Annexed to Baden-Durlach 1622: Partitioned from Baden-Durlach 1666: Annexed to Baden-Baden
Baden-Rodenheim	Margraviate	Swab		1575: Partitioned from Baden-Rodemachern	1620: Annexed to Baden-Durlach
Baden-Sausenberg	Margraviate	Swab	PR	1290: Partitioned from Baden-Hachberg	1503: Annexed to Baden-Baden 1577: Partitioned from Baden-Durlach 1604: Annexed to Baden-Durlach
Baden-Sponheim	Margraviate	Upp Rhen		1515: Partitioned from Baden-Baden	1533: Annexed to Baden-Baden
Badenweiler	Lordship
Baindt	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Bamberg	1007: Bishopric c1242: Prince-Bishopric	Franc	EC	1007	1500: Franconian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Annexed to Bavaria 1803: Secularized to Bavaria
Bar Bar-le-Duc Barrois	951: County 1354: Duchy	Upp Rhen		951	959-1033: Under Lorraine (Lotharingia) 1197-1214: Union of Bar and Luxemburg 1301: Vassal of King of France for the Western part of his territory (Barrois Mouvant) and a vassal of the Holy Roman Emperor for the easter part 1354: Emperor Charles IV granted title of Margrave of Pont-a-Mousson and rank of Prince to Duke of Bar 1399: Bar inherited Lordship of Cassel 1473: Union of Duchy of Bar and Duchy of Lorraine 1480: Permanently united with the Duchy of Lorraine 1508: Inherited by Lorraine 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1634-1659, 1670-1697, 1702-1714: French occupation 1766: Together with Lorraine, permanently annexed to France
Barby	1497: HRE County	Upp Sax		1497	961: 1st mention of Barby 974: Emperor gave Barby to his sister, Mathilde, Abbess of Quedlinburg 1050: To Lords of Arnstein as an imperial fief Partitioned into: Barby-Arnstein (1209-1284), Barby-Barby (1213-1651), Barby-Lindow (1211-1372), Barby-Mühlingen (1565-1659) and Barby-Ruppin 1524: Barby-Rupin to Brandenburg 1651: Barby-Barby to Barby-Mühlingen (1360-1524) 1659: Barby-Mühlingen to Saxe-Weissenfels 1372: Barby-Lindow to Anhalt 1659: To Elector of Saxony
Barmstedt					Acquired by Rantzau
Basel	Bishopric	Upp Rhen	EC	999	1579: Allied to the Swiss Confederation 1792: Annexed to the Rauracian Republic 1793: Council of Princes 1801: Mediatised to Baden and France
Basel	1386: Imperial Free City	n/a			374: 1st mentioned as "Basilea" To Bishops of Basel 1356: Acquired sovereign rights (own currency, customs and judiciary) 1501: Joined Swiss Confederation
Bassenheim	Lordship
Bavaria King of Bavaria, Count-Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Franconia & in Swabia, etc.	888: Duchy 1623: Electorate 1805: Kingdom	Bav	EL	6th century	888: Bavaria a stem duchy 889-1180: Ruled by the Welfs 1180-1918: Ruled by the Wittelsbachs 1185: Inherited lands of Burgraves of Regensburg 1214: Invested with County Palatinate of the Rhine 1238: Inherited lands of Counts of Valai Incorporated lands of Counts of Bogen Incorporated lands of Counts of Wassenburg 1255: First division into Upper (including Palatinate and Regensburg) and Lower Bavaria 1310: Division into Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt 1314: Division into Palatinate (including Upper Palatinate) and Bavaria 1340: Lower Bavaria line died out 1349: Partition of Wittelsbach patrimony into: Upper Bavaria and Brandenburg; Bavaria-Munich; Lower Bavaria; and Holland, zeeland, Frisia and Hainaut 1392: Division into Bavaria-Ingolstadt (extinct 1447), Bavaria-Landshut (extinct 1503) and Bavaria-Munich 1500: Bavarian Circle 1545: Bavaria reunited after many divisions 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1618: Acquired Mundelheim from Barons of Maxlrain Acquired Landgraviate of Leuchtenberg 1623: Electoral vote of Palatinate transferred to Bavaria 1623: Acquired Upper Palatinate 1806: Joined Confederation of the Rhine
Bavaria-Ingolstadt	Duchy			1392: Partitioned from Bavaria-Landshut	1445: Annexed to Bavaria-Munich
Bavaria-Landshut	Duchy			1353: Partitioned from Lower Bavaria	1503: Annexed to Bavaria-Munich
Bavaria-Munich	Duchy			1392: Partitioned from Bavaria-Landshut	1505: Became D. of Bavaria
Bavaria-Straubing	Duchy			1353: Partitioned from Lower Bavaria	1425: Divided between Bavaria-Ingolstadt, Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Munich
Bayer-Naumburg	Lordship			1316: Partitioned from Querfurt	1496: Annexed to Mansfeld
Bayreuth					1500: Franconian Circle
Beckenried	HRE Abbey
Bedburg	County			1465: Partitioned from Neuenahr	1519: Annexed to Mörs
Beichlingen	Lordship			1144	1275: Partitioned into Beichlingen-Beichlingen and Beichlingen-Rothenburg 1567: Annexed to Gleichen
Beilstein	Lordship 1679: County (for House of Metternich)	??			1500: Westphalian Circle 1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle To Prince Metternich
Belfort	Jurisdiction				1200's: To Counts of Montbeliard 1307: Granted a charter To Austria 1648: Ceded to France Louis XIV of France gave it to Cardinal Mazarin
Benevento	576: Duchy			576	899: Atenulf I of Capua conquered Benevento and united the 2 duchies 1053: To Papal States
Bentheim Count of Bentheim, Tecklenburg, Steinfurt & Limburg, Lord of Rheda, Wevelinghoven, Hoya, Alpen, Helpenstein, Baron of Lennep, Hereditary Advocate* of Köln	1421: County 1486: HRE County	Low Rhen	WE	1050	1115: Passed to Count Otto of Salm Marriage of Otto's heiress, Sophia (d.1176), Countess of Rheineck, Salm and Bentheim to Dirk VI, Count of Holland 1176: Passed to Counts of Holland 1263: Annexed County of Tecklenburg 1277: Partitioned into Bentheim-Tecklenburg and Bentheim-Bentheim 1421: Bentheim became an immediate fief of the Empire 1500: Westphalian Circle 1606/1610: Division into Bentheim-Tecklenburg (with Rheda and Hohenlimburg) and Bentheim-Steinfurt 1753: Bentheim was seized by the Elector of Hanover 1803: Bentheim reunited with Bentheim-Steinfurt ?-1804: Mortgaged to Hanover 1806: Bentheim mediatised to Berg 1810: Annexed to France 1815: To Hanover
Bentheim-Alpen	1606-1629: County
Bentheim-Bentheim	1277-1530, 1643-1753, 1753-1803: County			1277: Partitioned from Bentheim (like Bentheim-Tecklenburg)	1530: Line of Bentheim-Bentheim became extinct; Bentheim granted to Arnold II of Bentheim-Steinfurt 1753-1803: Seized by the Elector of Hanover 1803: Bentheim reunited with Bentheim-Steinfurt
Bentheim-Limburg	1606-1632: County
Bentheim-Lingen	1450-1555: County
Bentheim-Steinfurt	1454-1803: County Prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt in Prussia	Low Rhen	WE	1454: Split off from Co. of Bentheim-Bentheim	1643: Partitioned into Bentheim-Steinfurt and Bentheim-Bentheim 1806: Mediatised to Berg (which obtained Bentheim) and Prussia (which obtained Steinfurt)
Bentheim-Tecklenburg	1277-1557: County 1817: Prince of Bentheim-Tecklenburg in Prussia			1277: Partitioned from Bentheim (like Bentheim-Bentheim)
Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda	1606-1806: County			1606: Partitioned from Bentheim-Steinfurt	1806: Mediatised to Prussia
Bentinck HRE Count of Bentinck and Aldenburg, Lord of the free Lordship of Knyphausen, Noble Lord of Varel	1732: HRE Counts				1733/1800 immediate Lords of Knyphausen & Varel Aug 1806-1807 sovereign Lords of Knyphausen & Varel 1814/15 Lords of Knyphausen & Varel under the overlordship of Oldenburg
Berchtesgaden Prince, Provost and Lord of Berchtesgaden	1108: Abbey 1486: Prince-Abbot Provostry	Bav		1491	1500: Bavarian Circle 1803:Annexed to Salzburg 1793: Council of Princes 1805: Annexed to Austria 1809: Annexed to Bavaria
Berg	1101: County 1380: Duchy	Low Rhen	PR	1093	1437: To Duchy of Julich 1511: To Duchy of Cleves 1521: United with Mark and Cleves 1609: War of Successions 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1609: To Palatinate-Neuburg 1614: To Palatinate-Neuburg 1685: To Electoral Palatinate 1799: To Bavaria 1801: Annexed to France 1803: To Bavaria 1811: To France 1815: To Prussia
Bern Berne	1218: Imperial Free City			1218: Split off from Zähringen	1191: Founded by Duke Berthold V of Zahringen 1353: Joined the Swiss Confederation 1415: Invaded and acquired Aargau 1536: Invaded and acquired Vaud 1648: Left the Empire 1798: French occupation
Besançon Besancon	Archbishopric		EC		1512: Burgundian Circle 1792: Annexed to France 1793: Council of Princes
Besançon Besancon	1184: Imperial City	Burg			1300's: Taken by Dukes of Burgundy 1477-1674: Passed to Habsburgs 1648: Annexed by Free County (a special Co.) of Burgundy ("Franche-Comté") 1674: Ceded to France
Biberach an der Riß	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1180	1803: Annexed to Württemberg
Billungenmark	Margraviate			928	983: Conquered by the Bodriches
Bilstein	County			1073	1303: Annexed to Hesse
Bitburg	Abbacy
Bitsch	Lordship				To Zweibrucken
Blamont	Lordship
Blankenburg	Principality	Low Sax		c1082	1368: Annexed to Regenstein
Blankenheim	County			1149: Partitioned from Blankenheim-Schleiden	Annexed to France in 1803
Blankenheim and Gerolstein	County	Low Rhen		1488: Partitioned from Blankenheim	1533: Partitioned into Blankenheim and Gerolstein and Bettingen
Blankenheim-Schleiden	Lordship			c1115	1149: Partitioned into Blankenheim and Schleiden
Bludenz	County				1394: To Austria
Blumenegg	Lordship 1396: Imperial County			1804: Lordship of Blumenegg-Sankt Gerold to Austria
Bohemia	845: Principality Duchy 1198: Kingdom	None	EL	c890: Joined the Empire	1356: Prince-Elector 1526: Passed to Austria
Bonndorf	County	Swab
Boos	Lordship				1803: To Principality of Babenhausen for Fugger house
Bopfingen	Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Annexed to Württemberg
Bouillon	County Duchy			959; 1496; 1559	1095, 1522: Annexed to Prince-Bishopric of Lüttich (Liége) 1552, 1676: Annexed to France
Brabant	1085/1086: Landgraviate 1090: Duchy1183/1184: Duchy Claimed status of archduchy	Burg	PR	1000's: Emerged from division of the Duchy of Lower Lorraine into several feudal states	1283: John I of Brabant bought the Duchy of Limburg from Adolph V of Berg 1430: Passed to D. of Burgundy 1477: Passed to the House of Habsburg 1512: Burgundian Circle 1556: Passed to the Spanish Habsburgs 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1609: northern Brabant awarded to the United Provinces; southern portion remain part of Spanish (later Austrian) Netherlands
Brakel	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH		Held by Bp. of Paderborn
Brandenburg	Margraviate 1356: HRE Prince-Elector	Upp Sax	EL	1157: Originally created as the "Northern March"	1415: Hohenzollerns purchase Brandenburg from HRE
Brandenburg	Bishopric	Upp Sax	EC	949	1569: Annexed to the secular Electorate of Brandenburg
Brandenburg-Ansbach	Margraviate	Franc	PR	1440 as a partition of Bgv. Nuremberg	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1791: Passed to Brandenburg
Brandenburg-Bayreuth	Margraviate	Franc	PR	1440 as a partition of Bgv. Nuremberg	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1769: Passed to Brandenburg-Ansbach
Brandenburg-Kulmbach	Margraviate			1655: Partitioned from Brandenburg-Bayreuth	1726: Re-annexed to Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Brandenburg-Küstrin	Margraviate			1535: Partitioned from Brandenburg	1571: Re-annexed to Brandenburg
Brauneck	County			1230 as a partition of Hohenlohe	Partitioned several times. 1340, 1391, 1448: All re-annexed to Hohenlohe
Breda	Barony				1000's: A direct fief of the Holy Roman Emperor 1327: Adelheid of Gaveren sold Breda to John III, Duke of Brabant 1350: Breda sold to John II of Wassenaar (d.1377) 1403: To Counts of Nassau by the marriage of Johann of Polanen, heiress of Breda, to Engelbert I of Nassau
Bregenz	County	Swab	SW	950	802: 1st mention of Bregenz castle 926: 1st mention of Ulrich VI as "Count of Bregenz" 970: Division of the House of Bregenz (Pfullendorf, Lustenau) Annexed to Tübingen 1152/1160: Line of Counts of Bregenz died out 1171: Marriage of Hugo II (d.1182), Count Palatine of Tubingen with Elizabeth (d.1216), heiress of Montfort and Bregenz 1180: Annexed to Montfort 1451/1458: Annexed to Austria 1782: Annexed to Bavaria
Brehna	County
Breisgau	County Landgraviate	n/a	SW	771	1077: Annexed by Zähringen 1512: Austrian Circle
Breisgau	Duchy	Aust	SW	1801	1803: Reconstituted as Breisgau-Modena
Breisgau-Modena	Duchy	Aust	SW	1803	1805: Divided between Baden and Württemberg
Breiteneck Breitenegg	HRE Lordship	Bav			1500: Bavarian Circle To Tilly
Bremen	845: Archbishopric	Low Sax	EC	787	1648: Secularized as a duchy to Hanover
Bremen	Duchy	Low Sax		1648: Secularized from Abp. of Bremen	Originally held by Sweden 1719: Passed to Hanover
Bremen	1646: Imperial Free City	Low Sax	RH	1202	1358: Joined Hanseatic League 1648: Assigned to Sweden by Treaty of Westphalia 1719: Ceded to Hanover by Sweden
Brena	Barony			1156	1290: Annexed by Saxe-Wittenburg
Breslau	Bishopric				Bishop bought Duchy of Grottkau from Duke of Silesia-Brieg and added it to the episcopal territory of Neisse Prince of Neisse and Duke of Grottkau
Breslau	Duchy
Bretzenheim HRE Prince of Bretzenheim	1774: HRE Count of Bretzenheim 1780: immediaqte Lord of Bretzenheim HRE Prince of Bretzenheim 1790: Imperial Estate	Upp Rhen		1790 for the Wittelsbach-Bretzenheim branch	1769: Counts of Heydeck To Velen 1802: Central German territories annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt 1804: Southern German territories annexed by Austria
Brieg	Principality
Brixen	1027: Bishopric 1179: Prince-Bishopric	Aust	EC	1179	1512: Austrian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized and annexed by Austria to Krain (Carniola) 1805: To Bavaria 1814: To Austria 1918: To Italy
Broich	Lordship			1093: 1st mention of Lords of Broich	883: Broich castle for defense against Viking attacks Under overlordship of Dukes of Berg Freed from Dukes of Berg 1372: Line of Lords of Broich became extinct; passed to Counts of Limburg-Styrum 1413: Dukes of Berg regained overlordship after decline of Counts of Limburg 1432: Dukes of Cleves conquered Broich 1439: Start of new line called Counts of Limburg-Broich 1508: To Counts of Dhaun-Falkenstein 1682: To Counts of Leiningen 1806: Lordship of Broich abolished.
Bruchhausen	County			1199	1234: Partitioned 1338, 1388: Annexed by Co. of Hoya
Bruchsal and Odenheim	Abbacy				1793: Council of Princes
Brunswick	Duchy	n/a	n/a		1267: Division into Brunswick and Luneburg
Brunswick-Bevern	Duchy			1666: Partitioned from Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	1735: Annexed to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1735: Partitioned from Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Brunswick-Calenberg	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1495: Partitoned from Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	1584: Annexed to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1641: Partitioned from Brunswick-Lüneburg	1692: Became the Electorate of Hanover
Brunswick-Celle	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1527: Partitioned from Brunswick-Lüneburg	1569: Partitioned into Brunswick-Dannenburg and Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brunswick-Celle	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1641: Partitioned from Brunswick-Lüneburg	1705: Annexed to Hanover
Brunswick-Göttingen	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1279: Partitioned from Brunswick	1345: Partitioned into itself and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1442: Annexed to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Brunswick-Grubenhagen	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1279: Partitioned from Brunswick	1322: Partitioned into itself and Brunswick-Osterode 1526: Annexed to Brunswick-Osterode
Brunswick-Lüneburg Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg	1235: Duchies of Brunswick and Luneburg	Low Sax	PR		1235: Emperor Frederick II created duchies of Brunswick and Luneburg 1267: Division into Brunswick and Luneburg 1285: Duchy of Brunswick divided into Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Brunswick Gottingen and Brunswick-Grubehnagen 1292: Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel line died out 1345: New line of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel founded 1369: Line of dukes of Luneburg died out 1369: To Saxony 1388: Luneburg incorporated into Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel 1432: Brunswick divided into Brunswick-Calenberg and Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel 1463: Elder Brunswick-Gottingen died out 1396: Brunswick-Grubenhagen line died out 1527: Partitioned 1582: Inherited 1/2 of County of Hoya 1585: Inherited County of Diepholz 1633: Inherited Principlaity of Grubenhagen 1689: Inherited Duchy of Launeburg Inherited by Calenberg (personal union)
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1345: Partitioned from Brunswick-Göttingen	1373: Partitioned into itself, Brunswick-Einbeck and Brunswick-Lüneburg 1495: Partitioned into itself and Brunswick-Calenberg 1666: Partitioned into itself and Brunswick-Bevern 1735: Partitioned into itself and Brunswick-Bevern
Buchau	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Buchau	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized
Buchhorn	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1089	1803: Mediatized
Burgau	Margraviate				1301: Acquired by Austrian Habsburgs 1304: Imperial fief of Burgau invested in sons of King Albert I
Burgbrohl	Lordship			1451: Partitioned from Saffig	1533: Annexed to Saffig-Olbrück
Burgundy Franche-Comte	915: "Free" County County Palatine	Burg	PR	1127	1330: Passed to D. of Burgundy 1405-1556: To Dukes of Burgundy 1556: To Habsburg Kings of Spain 1678: Annexed to France
Burgundy	Duchy				1582: HRE Council of Princes
Bürresheim Burresheim	Lordship
Burtscheid	Abbacy				1793: Council of Princes
Butzweiler	Lordship
Buxheim	Abbacy

C

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Calvelage	County			1072	1170: Annexed to Ravensberg
Calw	County				1075: 1st mention of Calw 1155: Acquired Lowenstein 1189: Acquired Vaihingen Division into Calw-Lowenstein and Calw-Vaihingen 1277: Counts of Calw-Lowenstein died out; territories purchased by an illegitimate branch of the Habsburgs 1282: Counts of Calw died out; territories inherited by Counts of Tubingen 1361: Counts of Calw-Vaihingen died out; territories inherited by Counts of Wurttemberg
Cambrai	Bishopric	Low Rhen
Cambrai	Imperial City	Burg			1677: Annexed to France
Cappenberg
Carinthia	970: Margraviate 1180: Duchy	Aust	PR	876; 927; 976; 995	1286: To Counts of Gorizia 1335: To Habsburg Austria 1512 Austrian Circle 1804: To Kingdom of Illyria
Carniola	1002: Margraviate 1364: Duchy	Aust	PR	1040	1054: Emperor Henry II creates a separate Carniola as a fief Duchy of Carinthia 1071-1090: To Aquileia 1237-1251: Imperial Administration 1259-1269: To Aquileia 1270-1918: To Habsburgs 1512: Austrian Circle 1803: Imperial Estate in Bench of Princes 1805-1806: French occupation
Castell	1200: County	Franc		1200	1254: Partitioned into Elder and Younger lines 1347: Elder branch extinct; Castell reunited 1500: Franconian Circle 1597: Partitioned into Castell-Remlingen and Castel-Rüdenhausen
Castell	County			1709: Partitioned from Castell-Castell	1772: Re-annexed to Castell-Castell Composed of 3 territories and 28 villages
Castell-Castell	1668: County			1668: Partitioned from Castell-Remlingen	1709: Division into Castell-Castell and Castell>br>1772: Annexed Castell 1806: Mediatised to Bavaria
Castell-Remlingen	1597: County			1597: Partitioned from Castell	1668: Division ito Castlell-Remlingen and Castell-Castell 1762: Re-annexed to Castell
Castell-Rüdenhausen	County			1597: Partitioned from Castell
Castels	High Jurisdiction
Chablais	1310: Duchy
Chatelot	Lordship
Chiemsee	Bishopric
Chur	Bishopric	Aust	EC	1170	1512: Austrian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1798: Annexed to the Helvetic Republic
Churwalden	Jurisdiction
Cilli Cilly	1341: County 1436: HRE Principality of Cilli and Ortenburg				1456: Counts of Cilli died out; estates inherited by Habsburgs
Cläven	Lordship			909	Partitioned in 950
Clemont	Lordship
Cleves Kleve	1000's: County 1417: Duchy	Low Rhen	PR	719	1368: United with County of Mark 1521: United with Julich, Berg, Cleves and Mark 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1609: War of Succession 1614 to Brandenburg ?-1672: Occupied by United Provinces To Prussia 1795: French occupation 1815: To Prussia
Colloredo	Principality (personalist)	n/a	FR	1763	1788: Renamed to Colloredo-Mansfeld
Colloredo-Mansfeld	Principality (personalist)	n/a	FR	1788: Renamed from Colloredo	1803: Purchased a portion of Limpurg, and Rieneck
Colmar	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Cologne Köln (in German)	Archbishopric 1356: HRE Prince-Elector	El Rhin	EL	954	1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1803: Annexed to Ldg. of Hesse-Darmstadt
Cologne	Free City	Low Rhen	RH	1288	1794: Annexed to France
Comburg	Imperial Abbey
Corvey (Korvey)	877: Abbey c1582: Prince-Abbot 1783: Prince-Bishopric Principality	Low Rhen		877	1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized as a principality to Nassau-Dillenburg
Cottbus	Lordship				1156: 1st mention of Cottbus 1199-1445: To Lords of Cottbus 1462: To Prince-Electors of Brandenburg
Croy Dukes of Croÿ, HRE Prince	Duchy 1767: HRE Prince				1590: non-immediate Counts of Solre in the Spanish Low Countries 1677: Prince of Solre in the Spanish Low Countries 1767 non-immediate Dukes of Croÿ in France 1803: immediate Lords of Dülmen

D

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Dagstuhl Dachstuhl	Lordship	Upp Rhen			1290-1375: To Lords of Dagstuhl 1375-1625: To Lords of Flenkenstein, Kriechingen, Rollingen and Brucken 1625-1696: To Lords of Sotern 1696-1802: To Counts of Oettingen-Baldern and Sotern 1802-1803: To Princes of Oettingen-Wallerstein
Dannenberg	Principality
Danzig	1454: Imperial Free City
Dauphine					1335: To France
Davos	High Jurisdiction
Degenberg	HRE County				1602: Line died out To Bavaria
Delmenhorst	County	Low Rhen		1278; 1440; 1577	Younger partition of Oldenburg 1438, 1482, 1647: Re-annexed to Oldenburg
Diepholz	Barony 1524: County	Low Rhen		1278	1583: Annexed to Brunswick Line died out
Diessen	HRE County				c1326: To Bavaria
Diessenhofen	Imperial city			1415	to 1442
Dietrichstein HRE Prince of Dietrichstein in Nikolsburg/Nicolsburg, Count of Proskau, Lord of Trasp	1514: HRE Barony 1612: HRE County 1631: HRE Principality 1654: HRE Princes of Dietrichstein				1654: HRE Council of Princes 1654: Imperial Estate 1684: immediate Lords of Tarasp 1802: Acquired County of Leslie 1803: Lost Tarasp to Swiss Confederation
Diez	County			1101	1522: Divided between Eppstein-Königstein and Hesse-Cassel
Diez-Birstein	County			1189: Partitioned from Diez	1322: Annexed to Diez-Weilnau 1438: Passed to Isenburg
Diez-Weilnau	County			1234: Partitioned from Diez	1438: Annexed to Nassau-Dillenburg
Dinkelsbühl	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1274	1802: Annexed to Bavaria
Disentis	HRE Abbey	in Switzerland		c. 720	part of Grey League
Donauwörth	Imperial City			c. 1250	1714: Annexed to Bavaria (also between 1606 and 1705)
Donzdorf	Lordship 1699: County			1605: Partitioned from Aichen	1738: Annexed to Osterberg
Dornbirn	Lordship
Dortmund	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH	1220	1803: Annexed to Nassau-Orange
Dreis	HRE Lordship
Drenthe	County				1512: Burgundian Circle 1579: To United Provinces
Duisburg	Imperial City	n/a			1290: Annexed to Cleves
Düren	Imperial City	n/a			Annexed to Jülich
Dyck	Lordship

E

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

East Frisia East Friesland Prince and Lord of East Frisia, Lord of Esens, Stadesdorf and Wittmund	1465: County 1654: HRE Prince 1662: Principality	Low Rhen			1667: HRE Council of Princes 1744: Inherited by Prussia 1807: Ceded to France 1807: Incorporated into Kingdom of Holland 1810: French occupation 1813: Russian occupation 1813: To Prussia 1815: To Hanover
Eberstein	County	Swab		1574: Partitioned from Neu-Eberstein	1387: Portion of Eberstein went to the Margraves of Baden 1660: Divided between Baden, Speyer and Württemberg
Echternach	Abbacy				698: Echternach was built
Edelstetten HRE Prince Esterházy of Galántha, Princely Count of Edelstetten, Count of Forchtenstein	Lordship 1804: HRE Princely County				1804: To Princes Esterházy of Galántha
Eggenberg HRE Prince of Eggenberg, Duke of Krummau, Princely Count of Gradisca, Count of Adelsberg, Lord of Aquileja	Principality	Aust	PR	1647: Acquired Gradisca 1653: HRE Council of Princes	1717: Extinct
Eglingen	Lordship	Swab		To Counts of Gravenegg 1723: To Thurn und Taxis
Eglofs Egloff	Lordship County	Swab			To Abensberg-Traun To Windisch-Gratz
Ehrenburg	Lordship
Ehrenfels	Lordship				1500: Bavarian Circle
Eichstätt Eichstatt Eichstadt	741:Bishopric 908-1802: Imperial Prince-Bishopric	Franc	EC	908	1500: Franconian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Annexed by Bavaria 1803: Annexed to Salzburg
Eilenburg	Countyy			976	1017: Annexed to Meißen
Einsiedeln	Abbacy 965: Prince-Abbot 1274: HRE Principality				1798: Annexed to Confederatio Helvetica
Elchingen	1128: Abbacy	Swab			1128: Abbey founded by Counts of Dillingen 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Dissolved and secularized 1803: Annexed to Bavaria
Elbing	Imperial Free City				1457: To Poland
Ellwangen	Abbacy 1460: Provostry 1215: Imperial Prince-Provostry 1460: "College of Secular Canons"	Swab		1011	1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized and annexed to Prussia
Elten	Abbacy
Eltz	Lordship
Engadin and Winterthur	Lordship			950: Partitioned from Cläven	1095: Extinct
Engelberg	1124: Priory 1128: Abbacy			1124	1425: Associated member of Swiss Confederation 1798: Annexed to Helvetica To Nidwalden 1815: To Obwalden
Enzberg	Lordship
Eppstein	County			1172	1391: Partitioned into Eppstein-Königstein and Eppstein-Münzenberg
Eppstein-Königstein	County			1391: Partitioned from Eppstein	1535: Annexed to Stolberg
Eppstein-Münzenberg	County			1391: Partitioned from Eppstein	1522: Annexed to Eppstein-Königstein
Erbach HRE Count of Erbach, Lord of Breuberg & Wildenstein	Lordship 1532: HRE County	Franc		1213	1532: Imperial estate 1717: Division into Erbach-Furstenau, Erbach-Erbach and Erbach-Schonberg 1500: Franconian Circle 1806: Mediatised
Erbach-Breuburg	1532: HRE County			1647: Partitioned from Erbach	1653: Annexed to Erbach-Erbach
Erbach-Erbach	1532: HRE County			1647: Partitioned from Erbach 1818: Inherited County of Wartenberg-Roth
Erbach-Fürstenau	1532: HRE County			1647: Partitioned from Erbach
Erbach-Schonberg	1532: HRE County				1903: Granted title of Prince
Erbach-Wildenstein	1532: HRE County			1647: Partitioned from Erbach	1669: Annexed to Erbach-Erbach
Ermland	1251: Sovereign HRE Principality				1243: Hochstift 1454: To Poland as part of Royal Prussia 1466: Under direct Plisch Crown 1479: Autonomous Prince-Bishopric under Polish Crown 1777: Abolished at Prussian annexation
Essen	c850: Abbacy 1661: HRE Princess-Abbacy	Low Rhen		1041	874/947: Imperial immediate status 1228: Abbess called HRE Princess 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Annexed to Prussia 1806: Joint condominium of Prussia and Berg 1806 Annexed to Berg 1815: To Prussia
Esslingen am Neckar	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Annexed to Württemberg
Esterau	Lordship				1643: To County of Holzapfel
Esterházy von Galántha	Principality	Bav	PR		1804: Purchased Edelstetten from Ligne (College of Princes)

F

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Fagnolle Fagnolles	Lordship 1770: HRE County	Low Rhen			To House of Ligne
Falkenstein	County	Upp Rhen
Feldkirch	Lordship County				1375/1379: To Austria (Leopoldine line)
Finstingen	Lordship County				1458: To Lorraine
Fischbach	?
Flanders	862: County	Burg	PR	862	1405: To D. of Burgundy; fief of France (except 'Imperial Flanders', mainly the former countship of Aalst) 1512: Burgundian Circle 1529: Ceded to Habsburg
Fleckenstein	1467: HRE Barony				1250:L Division into Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl, Fleckenstein-Soultz-sous-Forêts and Fleckenstein-Bickenbach
Franconia	Stem Duchy			8th Century	1196: Discontinued
Franconia	Duchy			1633: Created for the Duke of Saxe-Weimar	1639: Abolished
Frankfurt	1372: Free Imperial City 1806-1810: Principality 1810: Grand Duchy Free City	Upp Rhen	RH	1372
Franzenheim	Lordship				1813: Prussian occupation 1866: Annexed to Prussia
Frauenalb	Abbacy
Frauenchiemsee	RA
Fraumünster	853: Imperial Abbacy Imperial Duchess-Abbey				853: Founded by Emperor Louis the German for his daughter, Hildegard, endowed it with lands and placed under the emperor's direct authority 1045: Emperor Henry III granted it right to hold markets, collect tolls and mint coins 1524: Abolished by Zürich
Freiburg Fribourg	1218: Imperial Free City			1157: Freiburg town founded	1277: To Habsburgs 1452: To Savoy 1478: Imperial Free City 1481: Joined Swiss Confederation
Freiburg im Breisgau	County				1368: To Austria (Leopoldine Line)
Freising	738: Bishopric 1220: Prince-Bishopric	Bav	EC	724: Founded as a monastery	1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized to Bavaria
Freudenberg	Lordship 962: Imperial Abbacy				1801: Annexed to France ;1815: Annexed to Prussia
Fribourg	Habsburg
Fribourg	Imperial City			1478	1481: Canton of Switzerland
Friedberg	County 1785: Princely County of Friedberg and Scheer				To Thurn und Taxis
Friedberg	Imperial City	Upp Rhen	RH	1217	1803: Mediatized
Friedrichshafen See Buchhorn
Friesland	Lordship	Burg			1512: Burgundian Circle
Friuli	Duchy				1512: Austrian Circle
Fugger Count of Kirchberg & Weissenhorn	1514/1530: HRE County of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn	Swab			1511: Granted Imperial noble status 1507: Owners of non-immediate County of Kirchberg(acquired by pledge) Acquired (by pledge) Lordship of Weissenhorn 1536: Immediate Lords of Glott 1534: Obtained the right to coin money 1538: immediate Lords of Babenhausen 1541: Obtained rights of jurisdiction over Fugger lands 1563: Estate of the Swabian Imperial Circle in the bench of Counts Mediatised to Bavaria and Wurttemberg Acquisitions (date) of House of Fugger: Gablingen (1527), Mickhausen (1528), Burgwalden (1529), Oberndorf (1533), Güter in Ungarn (1535), Pflege Donauwörth (1536), Glött (1537), Babenhausen und Brandenburg (1539), Pleß (1546), Rettenbach (1547), Güter im Elsaß (1551), Kirchheim (1551), Duttenstein (1551), Eppishausen (1551), Niederalfingen (1551), Stettenfels (1551), (Ober-)Reichau (1551), Kettershausen und Bebenhausen (1558) 1806: Ceded to Bavaria
Fugger-Babenhausen HRE Prince Fugger of Babenhausen, Lord of Boos, Heimertingen, Wald, Wellenburg, Burgwalden & Markt, Count of Kirchberg & Weissenhorn	1514: HRE County 1803: HRE Principality
Fugger-Glott Count Fugger of Glött, Lord of Oberndorf, Count of Kirchberg & Weissenhorn
Fugger-Kirchheim Count Fugger, Lord of Kirchheim, Count of Kirchberg & Weissenhorn
Fulda	1156: HRE Prince-Abbacy 1170: Imperial Abbacy 1752: Prince-Bishopric	Upp Rhen	EC	744: Founded as the Benefictine Abbey of Fulda	1157: Fulda received its charter 1576-1602: Annexed to the Teutonic Order 1803: Secularized and annexed to Nassau-Dillenburg 1793: Council of Princes 1806: French administration 1807: Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia 1815: To Hesse-Kassel 1867: Annexed to Prussia Area (1902): 40 sq. mi.; Pop.: 100,000
Furstenberg	1660: HRE Barons				NOTE: Different from family of Princes of Furstenberg
Fürstenberg Furstenberg HRE Prince of Fürstenberg, Landgrave in the Baar & of Stühlingen, Count of Heiligenberg & Werdenberg, Baron of Gundelfingen, Lord of Hausen im Kinzinger Thal, Trochtelfingen, Möskirch, Hohenhöwen, Wildenstein, Jungnau, Waldsberg, Werenwag, Weitra & Püglitz	1250: County			1250	Acquired Landgraviate of Baar Acquired Lordship of Gundelfingen Acquired Lordship of Hausen Acquired Lordship of Heiligenberg Acquired Lordship of Howen Acquired Lordship of Messkirch 1639: Acquired Landgraviate of Stuhlingen Acquired Lordship of Purglitz Acquired Lordship of Taikowitz Acquired Lordship of Weitra 1408: Partitioned into Fürstenberg and Dillingen Partitioned into Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg and Fürstenberg-Wolfach 1667: HRE Council of Princes
Fürstenberg-Baar	1441-1559: County			1441: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg	1483: Inherited Furstenberg-Geisingen 1490: Furstenberg-Wolfach 1559: Partitioned into Fürstenberg-Blomberg and Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Fürstenberg-Blomberg	1559-1614: County			1559: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Baar	1614: Partitioned into Fürstenberg-Mötzkirch and Fürstenberg-Stühlingen
Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg	1408-1441: County 1704-1716: County 1716-1804: Principality			1408: Partitioned from Fürstenberg 1704: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Stühlingen	1441: Partitioned into Fürstenberg-Baar and Fürstenberg-Geisingen 1762: Partitioned into Furstenberg-Furstenberg and Furstenberg-Purglitz 1804: Inherited by Fürstenberg-Pürglitz
Fürstenberg-Geisingen	1441-1483: County			1441: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg	1483: Annexed to Fürstenberg-Baar
Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg	1559: County 1664: Principality			1559: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Baar	1716: Annexed to Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
Fürstenberg-Mötzkirch	1614: County 1716: Principality			1614: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Blomberg	1744: Annexed to Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
Fürstenberg-Pürglitz	1614-1704: Principality			1762: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
Fürstenberg-Stühlingen	1614-1704: County 1716: Principality			1614: Partitioned from Fürstenberg-Blomberg	1704: Partitioned into Furstenberg-Furstenberg and Furstenberg-Weitra
Furstenberg-Weitra				Partitioned from Furstenburg-Stuhlingen	1759: Partitioned into Furstenberg-Weitra and Furstenberg-Taikowwitz 1806: Mediatised to Austria
Further Austria	Not a single polity			1278	Included numerous counties, lordships, etc, in south-western Germany 1805: Remaining territories annexed by Baden, Bavaria, and Württemberg
Füssen	Abbacy

G

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Gandersheim	Abbacy				856: Abbey of Gandersheim founded by Duke Ludolf of Saxony 1793: Council of Princes 1803: To Brunswick
Gelderland Guelders Gelre Geldern	1096:County 1317: HRE Prince 1339: Duchy				1179: Inherited County of Zutphen by marriage 1247: Acquired the pawned Imperial city of Nijmegen 1393: Inherited Duchy of Julich 1473: To the Dukes of Burgundy 1512: Burgundian Circle 1579: Joined the Union of Utrecht 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1672: French occupation 1713: Southern Gelderland fell to Prussia 1795: To Batavian Republic To Kingdom of Holland 1810: To France 1815: Tol Kingdom of The Netherlands
Gelnhausen	Imperial Free City			1170	1745: Annexed to Hesse-Cassel
Gemen	Lordship	Low Rhen		962: 1st mention of Gemen	1282: Gemen a fief of the Counts of Cleves 1492: Lords of Gemen extinct; passed to Counts of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg through the heiress Cordula of Gemen Combined with Schaumburg to form County of Schaumburg and Gemen 1640: Passed to the Counts of Limburg-Styrum 1644: In a partition, Gemen passed to the line of Limburg-Styrum-Gemen 1782: With extinction of Gemen branch, Gemen inherited by the line of Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aicheheim 1800: Passed to the Barons of Bomelberg 1806: Mediatized to the Princes of Salm-Kyrburg 1810: To France 1814: To Prussia
Geneva	County			1034	1401-1405: Amadeus VIII purchased all rights to Geneva from their legatees and from the Bishopric of Geneva
Geneva	Bishopric 1154: Prince-Bishopric	Upp Rhen
Geneva	1533: Free Imperial City				1156: Ruled by Bishops of Geneva
Gengenbach	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Gengenbach	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized to Baden
Gernrode	Abbacy			c959/961 by Margrave Gero	961: Under Imperial protection 1512: To Upper Saxon Circle 1610: Secularized to Anhalt 1793: Council of Princes
Gerlachsheim	Lordship 1804: HRE Principality of Krautheim and Gerlachsheim				To Salm-Reifferscheid
Gerolstein and Bettingen	County			1533: Partitioned from Blankenheim and Gerolstein	1697: Annexed to Blankenheim
Geyer-Giebelstatt	1685: HRE County
Giech HRE Count & Lord of Giech	Lordship 1680: HRE Barony 1695: HRE County	FR	FR	1333	1720-1723: immediate Lords of Wittem 1726: Imperial Estate 1791: Under ovelordship of Prussia
Giengen	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized to Württemberg
Gimborn	1631: Imperial Lordship 1682: County				Since the 1200's, Gimborn belonged to the Lords of Sankt Gereon in Cologne, Berg, Mark, Kruwell, Burtscheid, Nesselrode and Harff 1273: Pawned by Count Adolf of Berg to Count Engelbert of Mark 1400's: Gimborn is mentioned as a fief of Sankt Gereon in Cologne 1610: Gimborn elevated to the "Unterherrschaft" of Brandenburg 1782/1783: Sold to the Counts of Wallmoden 1806: To the Grand Duchy of Berg 1815: To Prussia
Gimborn-Neustadt	Lordship 1631: HRE County
Glarus	Imperial valley			1415	1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Glatz	1459: County				981: To Bohemian Prince Slavnik 995-1305: To Premyslid dynasty 1459: Counts of Glatz elevated to HRE Prince 1477: Granted Lordship of Hummel by Bohemian King 1526: Passed to Austrian Habsburgs together with Bohemia 1763: To Prussia
Gleichen	1162: County			1228: Partitioned from Tonna	1124 and 1137: Passed to Archbishopric of Mainz To Counts of Tonna (extinct 1631) 1345: Partitioned 1631: Territory divided among Hohenlohe, Mainz, Schwarzburg and Trautenburg 1639: To Hatzfeld 1803: To Prussia
Gleichenstein	County			1227: Partitioned from Tonna	1294: Annexed to Mainz
Gmünd - see under "Schwäbisch Gmünd"
Godesberg	County			1276: Partitioned from Neuenahr	1465: Partitioned into Alpheim and Bedburg
Goldineshundare	County			950: Partitioned from Cläven	1067: Extinct
Goltstein	1694: HRE Count				1771: immediate LOrds of Slenaken
Gondorf	Lordship			1611: Partitioned from Saffig	1692: Annexed to Nickenich
Gorizia Gorz	County 1365: HRE Princely County 1754: Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca	n/a			1031: To Counts of Eppenstein 1090: To Counts of Lurn Acquired Tyrol by marriage 1258: Division into Gorz and Tyrol (extinct 1335) 1500: Inherited by Austria 1747: United to form Gorizia and Gradisca 1809: French occupation
Goslar	Imperial City	Low Sax	RH		1803: Mediatized
Gräfenthal Grafenthal	Lordship			1439: Partitioned from Pappenheim	1536: Re-annexed to Pappenheim
Gradisca	1647: County 1754: Princel County of Gorizia and Gradisca	Aust	n/a	1511: Annexed to Austria	1647: To Eggenberg 1717: To Austria 1747: United to form Gorizia and Gradisca
Granges	Lordship
Gravenegg					Acquired Eglingen
Grävenitz Gravenitz HRE Count of Grävenitz	1707: HRE Counts				1718-1731: immediate Lords of Welzheim 1726: Imperial Estate
Grävenstein Gravenstein	Lordship
Greifensee	Lordship
Greyerz	County
Groningen	Lordship				1512: Burgundian Circle 1579: To United Provinces
Grubenhagen - see "Brunswick-Grubenhagen"
Grubenslagen	Principality
Guelders	c1088: Landgraviate 1339: Duchy, claimed the status of archduchy	Burg	PR	1082 / 1096	1543: To Burgundy After 1581: divided between United Provinces and Southern Netherlands 1795: Annexed to France
Gundelfingen	Lordship	Swab
Gurk	1072: Bishopric Prince-Bishopric	Aust		1072	1803: Annexed to Carinthia by Austria
Gutenstein	Lordship
Gutenzell	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes

H

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Haag	HRE County				1500: Bavarian Circle 1567: Line died out; to Dukes of Bavaria
Habsburg	County			1040	1305: Annexed to Austria, gave its name to the archducal dynasty which became the de facto imperial dynasty 1414: Annexed to Bern
Habsburg-Lauffenburg Habsburg-Laufenburg	County			1239: Partitioned from Habsburg	Partitioned several times 1282-1408: Acquired Landgraviate of Klettgau 1408: Partitions all annexed to Sulz
Hadeln	"Framer Republic"				1689: Imperial Estate 1731: To Hanover
Haguenau Hagenau	Imperial Free City	Upp Rhen		1260	1648: Annexed to France
Hagenau	"Landvogtei"
Hainaut (in French), Henegouwen (in Dutch), Hennegau (in German)	County (unification of countship of Bergen, margraviate of Valenciennes and the southern countship of the Brabant shire)	Burg	PR	1071	1299: United with the County of Holland 1436: To Burgundy 1512: Burgundian Cirlce
Hainburg	County			1240: Partitioned from Regenstein	1368: Re-annexed to Regenstein
Halberstadt	Bishopric	Low Sax	EC	996	1648: Secularized as a principality to Brandenburg
Halberstadt	Principality			1648: Secularized from Bp. of Halberstadt
Haldenstein	Barony
Hall - see under "Schwäbisch Hall"
Hallermund	County	Low Rhen		c1163	1398: Annexed to Corvey 1408: Annexed to Minden 1436: Annexed to Brunswick 1707: Annexed to Platen-Hallermund
Hals	County			12th Century	1443: Annexed to Leuchtenberg
Hamburg	Imperial City	Low Sax	RH	1189
Hanau Count of Hanau, Rhineck and Zweibrücken, Lord of Münzenberg, Lichtenberg and Ochsenhausen	1429: HRE County 1803: HRE Principality			1178	1243: 1st mention of Hanau castle 1255: Acquired Lordship of Munzenberg 1451: Division into Hanau-Munzenberg and Hanau-Lichtenberg 1458: Division into Hanau-Babenhausen, Hanau-Munzenberg and Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480:Acquired Lordship of Lichtenberg Reunited 1736: Passed to Hesse-Kassel 1803: To France 1810: Grand Duchy of Frankfurt 1813: To Hesse-Kassel 1866: To Prussia
Hanau-Babenhausen	1429: County			1451: Partitioned from Hanau	1481: Became Hanau-Lichtenberg
Hanau-Lichtenberg	1429: County 1696: HRE Principality	Upp Rhen		1481: Superseded Hanau-Babenhausen	1642: Inherited extinct line of Hanau-Munzenberg 1736: Line extinct; divided between Hesse-Darmstadt and Mainz 1785: United to Hesse-Kassel
Hanau-Munzenberg	1429: County				1642: Male line extinct; united with Hanau-Lichtenberg 1736: Inherited by Hesse-Darmstadt
Hanover	Duchy 1692: HRE Prince-Elector	Low Sax	EL	1636
Harburg	Principality
Hardegg	HRE County
Harrach	County (personalist)	n/a	SW	1628
Harmersbach	Imperial Valley
Hartelstein	Lordship			1460: Partitioned from Saffig	1477: Annexed to Saffig-Olbrück
Hatzfeld HRE Prince of Hatzfeld-Gleichen-Trachenberg, Baron of Wildenburg, Lord of Crottorf, Schönstein, Kranichfeld, Blankenhain, etc.	Lordship 1635: HRE County 1748: HRE Principality	Upp Sax			1639: Acquired Gleichen 1640: Imperial estate; immediate HRE Counts of Gleichen 1741: non-immediate Princes of Trachenberg in Prussia
Hauenstein	County
Hausen	Lordship	??			1500: Franconian Circle
Havelberg	Bishopric
Heggbach	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Heideck Heydeck	HRE Lordship				Acquired Bretzenheim 1471: To Bavaria
Heilbronn	Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	1350	1803: Mediatized
Heiligenberg	County	Swab
Heiligkreuzthal	Abbacy
Heinsberg	County			1085	1479: Annexed to Jülich
Helffenstein Helfenstein	County			1113	Partitioned several times 1627: Divided between Fürstenberg and Württemberg 1643: To Bavaria and Wurttemberg
Helmarshausen	RA
Henneberg	County 1471: HRE Princely Count of Henneberg	Franc		1037	Partitioned several times; the comital title was merged into the full imperial style Partitions annexed to Mansfeld-Bornstedt, Meißen, Saxony and Stolberg-Stolberg 1500: Franconian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Herford	823: Imperial Abbey 1523: Princess-Abbess	Low Rhen		c800	819: Benedictine Abbey of Herford founded by Emperor Louis the Pious 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized to Prussia
Herford	1631: Free City	Low Rhen	RH		1648(?): Annexed to Brandenburg
Héricourt	Lordship
Herrenzimmern	Lordship 1530: County			1495: Partitioned from Zimmern	1570: Annexed to Mötzkirch
Herrstein	Lordship
Hersfeld	HRE Abbey			1232	1432: To Hesse 1606: Under administration by Hesse-Kassel 1648: Secularized to Hesse-Kassel
Hesse HRE Prince-Elector, Sovereign Landgrave of Hesse, Grand Duke of Fulda, Prince of Hersfeld, Hanau, Fritzlar & Isenburg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain, Nidda, Schaumburg	1265: Landgraviate 1292: HRE Prince 1500: Duchy 1806: Grand Duchy 1866: Electorate	Upp Rhen	PR	12647 Split off from Thuringia	Acquired Giessen AcquiredZiegenhain Acquired Nidda Acquired Katzenelnbogen 1432: Overlordship over Abbey of Hersfeld 1567: Partitioned into Hesse-Darmstadt, Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg, and Hesse-Rheinfels 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Hesse-Darmstadt Grand Duke of Hesse and of the Rhine	Landgraviate 1806: Grand Duchy	Upp Rhen	PR	1567: Created on partition of Hesse	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1736: Inherited Hanau-Lichtenberg 1806: Joined Confederation of the Rhine
Hesse-Homburg Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Hersfeld, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain, Nidda, Schaumburg, Isenburg & Büdingen				1622: Division from Hesse-Darmstadt	1650: Divided into Hesse-Homburg and Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim 1668: Becomes independent of Hesse-Darmstadt 1681: Homburg and Bingenheim reunited 1806: Hesse-Homburg annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt 1815: Hesse-Homburg reinstated 1866: To Hesse-Darmstadt 1866: To Prussia
Hesse-Kassel Prince-Elector of Hesse, Grand Duke of Fulda, Prince of Hersfeld, Hanau, Fritzlar & Isenburg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain, Nidda & Schaumburg	1265: Landgraviate 1803: Electorate	Upp Rhen	PR	1567: Created on partition of Hesse	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1736: Inherited Hanau-Munzenberg 1815: Acquired Prince-Bishopric of Fulda 1866: To Prussia
Hesse-Marburg	1265: Landgraviate	Upp Rhen	PR	1567: Created on partition of Hesse	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1604: Merged into Hesse-Kassel
Hesse-Rheinfels	1265: Landgraviate	Upp Rhen	PR	1567: Created on partition of Hesse	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1583: Territory partitioned between Hesse-Darmstadt, Hesse-Marburg, and Hesse-Rheinfels
Hildesheim	815: Bishopric c1221: Prince-Bishopric	Low Sax	EC	888	1793: Council of Princes 1802: Annexed to Brandenburg 1803: Secularized to Prussia
Hildesheim	Free City	Low Sax	EC	1300	1803: Annexed to Brandenburg
Hillesheim Hillesheimb HRE Count of Hillesheim, (?)Lord of Reipoltskirchen	Barony 1712: HRE County				1722: immediate Lords of Reipoltskirchen
Hochberg	Margraviate
Hochstaden	County			1144	1261: Annexed to Abp. of Cologne
Hohenberg	HRE County				1280/1287: Acquired Lordship of Altensteig 1381: To Austria (Leopoldine line) Acquired Lordships of Wildberg, Nagold, Altensteig and Horb Purchased Lordship of Oberndorf 1253: Division into Hohenberg-Rottenburg and Hohenberg-Nagold Division of Hohenberg-Nagold into Hohenberg-Nagold and Hohenberg-Wildberg
Hohenberg-Altensteig					1397/1398: Sold to Margraves of Baden 1603: To Duchy of Wurttemberg
Hohenberg-Nagold	County			1253: Partitioned from Zollern and Hohenberg	1264: Annexed to Zollern-Nuremberg 1363: Sold to Wurttemberg
Hohenberg-Rottenburg	County			1253: Partitioned from Zollern and Hohenberg	1264: Annexed to Zollern-Nuremberg
Hohenberg-Wildberg					1355: Division into Hohenberg-Burlach and Hohenberg-Altensteig
Hohenems Hohen-Embs HRE Count of Hohenems, Lord of Lustenau	1333: County 1560: HRE County	Swab		c1210	?: Immediate Lords of Hohenems 1603: Imperial Estate 1613: Counts of Sulz sold Vaduz and Schellenberg to the Counts of Hohenems 1613-1712: immediate Counts of Vaduz ?: immediate Lords of Lustenau 1646: Partitioned into Hohenems-Hohenems and Hohenems-Vaduz 17__: Lost Imperial Estate status 1765: Acquired by Austria
Hohenems-Hohenems	County			1646: Partitioned from Hohenems	1718: Annexed to Hohenems-Vaduz
Hohenems-Vaduz	County			1646: Partitioned from Hohenems	1712: Purchased by House of Liechtenstein 1719: Annexed to P. of Liechtenstein
Hohenfels	HRE Lordship
Hohengeroldseck	12th cent.: Lordship 1705: County Principality	Swab			1692-1705: Under Imperial Administration Acquired by Leyen 1815: To Austria 1819: To Baden
Hohenlohe	1100's: County 1450: HRE County	Franc		1192	1100's: Henry I was the 1st to take title of Count of Hohenlohe 1230: Dvision into Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe and Hohenlohe-Brauneck 1256: Partitioned into Hohenlohe-Möckmühl, Hohenlohe-Röltingen and Hohenlohe-Weikersheim 1500: Franconian Circle 1390: Hohenlohe-Brauneck line extinct; lands passed to Brandenburg 1412: Hohenlohe-Uffenheim-Speckfeld line extinct 1551: Division into Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg 1631: Hohenlohe-Neuenstein inherited County of Gleichen 1805: Senior line of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein extinct 1701: Junion line of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein divided into Hohelohe-Langenburg, Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and Hohenlohe-Kirchberg 1861: Hohenlohe-Kirchberg line died out 1824: Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst inherited the Duchies of Rabibor and Corbie Area (1806): 680 sq. mi.; Pop: 108,000
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	1688: HRE County 1764: HRE Principality			1688: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst	1798: Division into Hohenlohe-Bartenstein and Hohenlohe-Jagstberg 1806: Mediatised to Wurttemberg
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen	1701: County 1764: HRE Principality			1701: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1806: Annexed by Bavaria
Hohenlohe-Jagstberg	1798-1806: Principality			1798: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Bartenstein	1806: Mediatised to Wurttemberg
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg	1650: County 1764: HRE Principality			1650: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1701: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Langenburg	1675: Reunited with Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1806: Mediatised to Bavaria 1810: Traded to Wurttemberg
Hohenlohe-Künzelsau	1676-1689: County			1676: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Nueustein	1689: Reunited with Hohenlohe-Nueustein
Hohenlohe-Langenburg	1586: County 1764: HRE Principality			1586: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
Hohenlohe-Möckmühl	County			1256: Partitioned from Hohenlohe	1340: Divided between Hohenlohe-Uffenheim and Hohenlohe-Wernsberg
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein	1472: County 1772: HRE Principality			1472: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Weikersheim	1698: To Hohenlohe-Nueustein-Oehringen 1702: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Nueustein-Oehringen 1708: Annexed to Hohenlohe-Neuestein-Öhringen
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Ingelfingen HRE Prince of Hohenlohe, Count of Gleichen, Lord of Langenburg & Kranichfeld	1764: HRE Principality
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Kirchberg HRE Prince of Hohenlohe, Count of Gleichen, Lord of Langenburg & Kranichfeld	1764: HRE Principality
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Langenburg HRE Prince of Hohenlohe, Count of Gleichen, Lord of Langenburg & Kranichfeld)	1764: HRE Principality
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Oehringen	1698: County 1764: HRE Principality				1702: Division into Hohenlohe-Oehringen and Count of Hohenlohe-Nueustein
Hohenlohe-Öhringen	1641: HRE County 1764: HRE Principality			1676: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Neuenstein	1765: Annexed to Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 1805: Passed to Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
Hohenlohe-Röltingen	County			1256: Partitioned from Hohenlohe	Extinct in 1290
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst	County			1615: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Waldenburg	1688: Partitioned into Hohenlohe-Bartenstein and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim	County			1472: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Weikersheim	1545: Annexed to Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
Hohenlohe-Uffenheim	County			1262: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Möckmühl	1387: Annexed to Nuremberg
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg	1553: County 1557: HRE Prince 1757: HRE Principality			1553: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Neuenstein	1615, 1679: Partitioned into various states
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein HRE Prince of Hohenlohe, Count of Waldenburg, Lord of Langenburg	1744: HRE Principality				1746: Franconian Imperial Circle
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst HRE Prince of Hohenlohe, Count of Waldenburg, Lord of Schillingsfürst & Langenburg	1697: HRE County 1744: HRE Principality			1688: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 1806: Annexed by Bavaria
Hohenlohe-Weikersheim	County			1256: Partitioned from Hohenlohe	1490: Annexed to Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim
Hohenlohe-Weikersheim	County			1610: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Neuenstein	1756: Annexed to Hohenlohe-Öhringen
Hohenlohe-Wernsberg	County			1267: Partitioned from Hohenlohe-Möckmühl	1350: Annexed to Hohenlohe-Uffenheim
Hohenrechberg	Lordship			1163	1585: Annexed to Staufeneck
Hohenrechberg and Aichen	Lordship 1626: County			1605: Partitioned from Aichen	1676: Annexed to Donzdorf
Hohenwaldeck and Maxlrain Hohen-Waldeck	Lordship				1500: Bavarian Circle
Hohenzollern HRE Prince of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg, Count of Sigmaringen & Vöringen, Count of Berg, Lord of Haigerloch & Werstein, etc.	County 1623: HRE Princely County			1309: Emerged from the countships of Zollern	1061: 1st mention of Hohenzollerns 1267: 1st mention of Zollern Castle 1512: Partitioned into Hohenzollern-Hechingen & ?
Hohenzollern-Haigerloch	County 1630: Principality			1575: Partitioned from Hohenzollern-Hechingen	1767: Annexed to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Hohenzollern-Hechingen Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Burgrave of Nuremberg, Count of Sigmaringen and Veringen, Count of Berg, Lord of Haigerloch and Werstein, etc	County 1623: HRE Principality	Swab		1512: Partitioned from Hohenzollern	1653: HRE Council of Princes 1806: Joined Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined German Confederation 1849: To Prussia 1869: Hohenzollern-Hechingen line became extinct
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen HRE Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Burgrave of Nuremberg, Count of Sigmaringen and Veringen, Count of Berg, Lord of Haigerloch and Werstein, etc.	County 1623: Principality	Swab		1575: Partitioned from Hohenzollern-Hechingen	1849: To Prussia
Hohnstein Hohenstein	County	Upp Sax		1123	1238-1267: Counts of Hohenstein acquired County of Klettenberg as a fief of Prince-Bishop of Halberstadt1268: Acquired Lordship of Sommerda 1300's: Acquired County of Lohra 1593: Line of Counts of Hohenstein died out Partitioned several times 1648: Annexed to Brandenburg, Schwarzburg and Stolberg Under partial overlordship of Hanover
Holland	1000's: HRE County 1806-1810: Kingdom of Holland			c1150: Split off from Bishopric of Utrecht	1064: 1st mention of Holland c1100: Title Count of Holland 1st used 1299: United with the County of Hainaut 1349-1433: To Bavarian Wittelsbachs 1433-1482: To Duchy of Burgundy; later the dominant hegemon of the United Provinces, but as a republic, the house of Orange being merely styled stadholder 1482-1581: To Habsburgs 1512: Burgundian Circle 1813: Kingdom of the Netherlands
Holstein Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarshes, Lauenburg & Oldenburg	County 1111-1474: HRE County 1474-1806:HRE Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1111	1111: Emperor Lothair enfeoffed Adolf of Schauenburg with Holstein and Stormarn 1261: Division into Holstein-Itzehoe, Holstein-Kiel, Holstein-Pinneberg, Holstein-Plon, Holstein-Rendsburg, Holstein-Segeberg 1386: Acquired Duchy of Schleswig 1474: Merged into Schleswig-Holstein 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Holstein-Glückstadt					1582: HRE Council of Princes
Holstein-Gottorp					1582: HRE Council of Princes
Holstein-Schaumburg HRE Prince, Count of Holstein, Schaumburg and Sternberg, Lord of Gemen
Holzapfel Holzappel	1641: HRE County	Low Rhen		1641	1727: Passed to Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Homburg	Lordship
Horburg	County
Horne	County				After 1568: Personal union with Bp. of Liège
Horneck	Commandery
Hörstgen Horstgen	Lordship				Under overlordship of Mors To Counts of Drachenfels 1530: Inherited by Millendonk-Mirlar Passed to Brochhorst Passed to Croy Passed to Burlepsch Passed to Ostein 1754: Passed to Barons of Knesebeck 1794: French occupation 1815: To Prussia
Höwen	Lordship
Hoya	1202: County	Low Rhen		1204	1202: 1st mention of "Count of Hoya" 1215: Purchased the free county of Nienburg Purchased County of Altbruchhausen Purchased County of Neubruchhausen 1345: Division into Upper Hoya (Nienburg) and Lower Hoya (Hoya) 1497: Hoya line extinct; territories to Nienburg 1512: Occupied by Brunswick-Luneburg 1519: Counts of Hoya regained territories 1582: Line died out; territories to Hanover 1866: To Prussia

I

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Inner Austria	Duchy			1379: Partitioned from Austria	1406: Annexed to Austria
Irsee	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Isenburg HRE Prince of Isenburg	1442: County of Budingen and Isenburg				1137: Partitioned into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern 1673: Division into Isenburg, Birstein, Isenburg-Marienborn, Isenburg-Meerholz, Isenburg-Wachtersbach 1806: Joined Confederation of the Rhine
Isenburg-Birstein	1511: County of Birstein 1744: Principality Sovereign Principality	Upp Rhen		1628: Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein	1635-1643: Occupied by Hesse-Darmstadt 1806: Acquired the mediatized Isenburg-Budingen, Isenburg-Meerholz, Isenburg-Philippseich and Isenburg-Wachtersbach 1806: Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1810-1813: French occupation 1813-1816: Austrian administration 1816: Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt
Isenburg-Büdingen Isenburg-Budingen	1442: Imperial County			1341: Partitioned from Isenburg-Cleberg 1628: Partitioned from Isenburg-Budingen-Birstein	1511: Partitioned into Isenburg-Budingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg<1673>Partitioned into Isenburg-Budingen, Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wachtersbach 1806: Mediatized to Isenburg
Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein	County			1511: Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen	1628: Partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen (reduced) and Isenburg-Birstein
Isenburg-Cleberg	County			1286: Partitioned from Isenburg-Grenzau	1341: Partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen and Isenburg-Grenzau
Isenburg-Grenzau	County			1158: Partitioned from Isenburg-Limburg-Covern	1664: Annexed to Arenberg
Isenburg-Limburg-Covern	County			1137: Partitioned from the Niederlahngau	1158: Partitioned
Isenburg-Marienborn	1673: County				1725: Incorporated into Isenburg-Meerholz
Isenburg-Meerholz	1673: County			1673: Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen	1806: Incorporated into Isenburg-Birstein
Isenburg-Offenbach	County			1628: Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein	1758: Partitioned
Isenburg-Philippseich	County			1711: Partitioned from Isenburg-Offenbach
Isenburg-Wächtersbach	1673: County			1673: Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen	1806: Incorporated into Isenburg-Birstein
Isny im Allgäu	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Istria	Margaviate			1000's	1374: Portion passed to Habsburgs 1420: Rest of Istria annexed by Venice 1797: Venetian part to Habsburg Austria 1809-1813: French occupation
Itter	Lordship

J

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Jagdberg	Lordship
Jägerndorf Jagerndorf	1278: Duchy				1221: Jagerndorf founded 1377-1523: Independent duchy 1523: Margraviate of Jagerndorf purchased by cadet of Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg To Habsburgs Granted as a fief to Prince of Liechtenstein
Jauer	Principality
Jever	1330: Chiefdom Barony			1353	1575: Annexed to Oldenburg 1667: Annexed to Anhalt-Zerbst 1793: Annexed to Russia 1806: French occupation 1807: Ceded by Russia to France 1807: To Kingdom of Holland 1810: To France 1814: Russian occupation 1814: Oldenburg administration 1818: Ceded to Oldenburg
Jülich Julich	1000's: County 1336: Margraviate 1356: Duchy	Low Rhen	PR	1143: From the Jülichgau	1423: United with Berg 1521: United with Berg, Cleves and Mark 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1609: War of Succession 1614: Passed to Palatinate-Neuburg 1742: To Dukes of Palatinate-Sulzbach 1794: French occupation 1815: To Prussia
Jülich-Cleves-Berg	Duchy	Low Rhen	PR	1511: United from Cleves-Marck and Jülich-Berg	1609: Divided between Brandenburg, Saxony and the Palatinate
Justingen	Lordship	Swab

K

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Käfernburg Kafernburg	County			10th Century	1195: Partitioned into Schwarzburg and Schwarzburg-Käfernburg 1302: Counts of Kafenburg died out
Kaisheim Kaisersheim	Abbacy Prince-Abbacy	Swab		1133	1757: Imperial immediacy recognized by Bavaria 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Annexed to Bavaria
Kalenberg — see "Brunswick-Calenberg"
Kall	County			1488: Partitioned from Manderscheid	1742: Annexed to Blankenheim 1803: Annexed to France
Kammin	1176: Bishopric 1628: Principality	Upp Sax			1274: Acquired Lubeck city rights 1556: Secularized to Pomerania-Wolgast 1648: To Sweden 1679: Brandenburg
Käppel Kappel	1390?: Abbey				1803: To Nassau 1866: To Prussia
Kastelberg	Lordship
Katzenelnbogen	1095: County 1138: Imperial County Landgraviate			1090	1260: Division into Upper and Lower Katzenelnbogen 1479: Annexed to Hesse-Marburg
Kaufbeuren	Imperial City	Swab		c1250	1803: Annexed to Bavaria
Kaufmanns-Saarbrucken	Imperial Free City				To Bishopric of Metz To Lorraine 1661: To France
Kaunitz HRE Prince of Kaunitz, Count of Rietberg & East Frisia, Lord of Esens, Stadesdorf, Wittmund & Melrich
Kaysersberg Kaisersberg	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Kempten im Allgäu	c752: Abbacy 1348/1360: Prince-Abbot	Swab	SW	1348	1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized and annexed to Bavaria
Kempten im Allgäu	1289: Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	1289	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Kerpen					Acquired by Schasberg
Ketterhausen	Lordship				1803: To Principality of Babenhausen for Fugger house
Khevenhüller-Metsch Khevenhuller-Metsch Prince of Khevenhüller-Metsch, Count of Hochosterwitz, Baron of Landskron and Wernberg, etc.	1763: HRE Prince (Personalist)	n/a	SW	1763	1396: 1st mentioned 1519: Division into several lineages
Kirchberg Burgrave of Kirchberg, Count of Sayn and Wittgenstein, Lord of Farnrode	Burgraviate			1090	1799: Annexed to Nassau-Weilburg
Klettgau	c1200: County 1325 Landgraviate	Swab		981; 1315; 1572	1040: Annexed to Habsburg 1282-1408: To Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg 1408: Passed to Counts of Sulz by marriage 1698: Annexed to Stephanswald-Franconia
Klingenmünster	RA
Klosters	High Jurisdiction
Knyphausen	Lordship 1588: Imperial Baron 1658: Imperial County				1600's: Part of Friesland 1738: To Bentinck 1808: To Kingdom of Holland 1810: To France 1813: To Oldenburg
Koblenz	Ballei of the Teutonic Order				1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1793: Council of Princes
Koevorden	Lordship
Konigsbronn	Imperial Abbey
Königseck
Königsegg Konigsegg HRE Count of Königsegg & Rothenfels, Baron of Aulendorf & Stauffen, Lord of Ebenweiler & Wald in Swabia	1192:Lordship 1470:Baron 1629: HRE County	Swab		1192	1622: Partitioned into Königsegg-Aulendorf and Königsegg-Rothenfels 1663:Reunited with extinction of Konigsegg-Rothenfels.
Königsegg-Aulendorf	1622:Barony 1629:County			1622: Partitioned from Königsegg	1500: Aulendorf joined Swabian Circle 1806: Mediatised to Wurttemberg
Königsegg-Rothenfels HRE Count of Königsegg & Rothenfels, Baron of Aulendorf & Stauffen	Lordship 1629: County			1622: Partitioned from Königsegg	1804: Annexed to Austria
Königsfeld (Black Forest)
Konstanz Constance	Bishopric 1200's: Prince-Bishopric	Swab	EC	911	1793: Council of Princes 1802: Divided between Baden and Switzerland 1803: Secularized and annexed to Baden Area: 482 sq. mi.; Pop. 50,000
Konstanz Constance	1192: Imperial Free City			1192	780: Constance received municipal rights 1548: Deprived of its privileges as a free and imperial city and given to Austria by Emperor Charles V 1805: Annexed to Baden
Konzenberg	Lordship
Kornelimünster Kornelimunster	RA
Krautheim	Lordship 1804: HRE Principality of Krautheim and Gerlachsheim				To Salm-Reifferscheid
Kreuzlingen	HRE Abbey
Kronburg	Lordship			1460: Partitioned from Aichen	1540: Partitioned into Osterberg, Schwabeck and Weissenstein
Krienchingen Criechingen	HRE County				1697: Line died out To Wied-Runkel
Küfstein Kufstein					1200's: 1st mentioned 1709:
Küfstein-Greillenstein Count of Kuefstein, Baron of Greillenstein, of Hohenkraen, etc.	1709: HRE Count (Personalist)	n/a	FR	1709
Kulmbach	Lordship				1057-1234: To Andechs-Meran 1248: To Counts of Orlamunde 1340: To Hohenzollern Burgraves of Nuremberg 1792: To Prussia 1807: French occupation 1810: To Bavaria
Kyburg Kiburg	County			11th Century	1414: Annexed to Switzerland

L

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes Count of Dagsburg & Aspremont''

Lage	Lordship
Landau	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Landsberg	Principality
Landsberg-Osterland	Margraviate			1032	1291: Annexed to Meißen
Langwies	Jurisdiction
Laurenburg	County			1093	1197: Annexed to Nassau
Lauenburg	1180: Duchy of Brunswick and Lauenburg				1260: Division of Ascanians into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe Wittenberg 1689: Inherited by the Principality of Luneburg 1714: To Electorate of Hanover 1803: To Prussia 1815: To Duke of Holstein and King of Denmark 1864: To Prussia
Lausanne	Bishopric 1270: Prince-Bishopric			1011	1536: Secularized by Bern
Lausanne	Imperial City			1434	1536: Conquered by Bern
Lavant St. Andra	1228: Bishopric Prince-Bishopric	Aust		c1320	Dietrich, 1st Prince-Bishop, 1318-1332 Since 22nd Bishop, Theobald Schweinbeck, 1446-1463, bishops borne title of Prince
Lebus	Bishopric
Leiningen Count of Leiningen & Dagsburg, Lord of Aspremont, Oberstein, Bruch, Bürgel & Reipoltskirchen, etc.	1128: County			early 12th Century	1128: Emich II 1st to use "Count of Leiningen" 1220: 1st line of Counts of Leiningen extinct; passed by marriage to Counts of Saarbrucken 1225/1241: Inherited HRE County of Dagsburg 1310: Partitioned into Leiningen-Dachsburg and Leiningen-Leiningen
Leiningen	County			1557: Superseded Leiningen-Westerburg	1635: Annexed to Rickingen
Leiningen-Billigheim ''Count of Leiningen, Lord of Billigheim, Allfeld, Mühlbach, Katzenthal, and Neuburg at the Neckar,
Leiningen-Dachsburg	1593-1688, 1658-1709: County	Upp Rhen		1310: Partitioned from Leiningen 1593: Paritioned from Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg 1688: Line extinct Partitioned from Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim 1709: Line extinct	Partitioned several times
Leiningen-Hartenburg Leiningen-Hardenburg Prince of Leiningen, Count-Palatine of Mosbach, Lord of Miltenberg, Amorbach, Düren, Bischofsheim, Hardheim & Lauda, etc.	County 1779: HRE Principality	Upp Rhen		1343: Partitioned from Leiningen-Dachsburg
Leiningen-Leiningen	County			1310: Partitioned from Leiningen	1467: Annexed to Westerburg
Leiningen-Neuburg Count of Leiningen, Lord of Herzbolzheim, Count of Dagsburg & Aspremont
Leiningen-Westerburg Count of Leiningen, Lord of Westerburg, Grünstadt, Oberbrunn & Forbach	1467: County				1705: Division into Leiningen-Westerurg-Altleiningen and Leiningen-Westerurg-Neuleiningen
Lemgo	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH		Annexed to Lippe
Leuchtenberg	HRE Landgraviate	Bav		early 12th Century	1500: Bavarian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1707-1708: To B. of Bamberg 1708: To HRE Princes of Lamberg 1770: Annexed to Bavaria
Leutkirch im Allgäu	Imperial City	Swab	SW		1803: Mediatized
Leyen HRE Prince of and at Leyen & Hohengeroldseck, Baron of Adendorf, Lord of Bliescastel, Burrweiler, Münchweiler,Orterbach, Niewern, Saffig, Ahrenfels, Bongard, Simpelfeld, etc.	Lordship 1653: HRE Barony 1711: HRE County 1806: Prince			c1296	c1420: Partitioned into Neustadt and Saffig 1667 owners of immediate knightly possession of Burrweiler 1705: immediate Lord of Hohengeroldseck 1711: Imperial Estate
Lichtenberg	1458: HRE County				1206: 1st mention of Lichtenberg family 1246: 1st mention of Lichtenberg castle 1249: Secured Imperial Advocacy of Strassburg 1480: Male line extinct; territories passed, through females, to Counts of Hanau and Counts of Zweibrucken-Bitsch 1570: Portion of extinct Counts of Zweibrucken-Bitsch inherited by Hanau 1817: Became an exclave of Saxe-Coburg 1834: Bought by Prussia
Lichtenthal	Abbacy
Liechtenstein Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau & Jägerndorf, Count of Rietberg, etc	1608: HRE Princely rank for Liechtenstein family 1712: Principality of Liechtenstein 1719: HRE Principality	Swab			1699: Purchased Lordship of Schellenberg 1707: Admission to College of Princes of Swabia 1712: Purchased County of Vaduz 1713: HRE Council of Princes 1719: Establishment of the Principality of Liechtenstein from Hohenems-Vaduz and Schellenberg<1806>Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined the German Confederation
Liège Lüttich Liege	Bishopric	Low Rhen	EC	972	1793: Council of Princes 1795: Annexed to France
Liegnitz	Duchy
Ligne HRE Prince of Ligne & Amblise/Amblia, Margrave of Roubaix/Roubais & Dormans, Count of Fauquemberghe, Baron of Werchin,Beloeil, Antoing, Cisoing,Villiers, Silly & Herzelles; Sovereign of Fagnolles; Lord of Baudour,Wallincourt,& other lands	1544: HRE County 1601: HRE Principality				1503: non-immediate Counts of Faucquenberg Immediate Lords 1770: Counts sof Fagnolles 1786: Estate of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Imperial Circle
Limburg (County)	1242: County of Limburg-Isenburg				1242-1508: To Counts of (Isenberg) Limburg 1508-1542: Inherited by the Counts of Dhaun-Falkenstein 1542-1592: Passed by marriage to the Counts of Neuenahr-Alpen 1592-1610: Inherited by Bentheim 1610-1626: To Bentheim-Limurg 1626-1629: To Bentheim-Alpen 1629-1817: To Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda 1289: Acquired Altenhof and Styrum 1370: Acquired Neu-Isenburg 1422: Acquired Bedburg 1422: Acquired Hackenbroich 16..: Acquired Aichheim 1640: Acquired Gemen 1664: Acquired a portion of Bronchhorst Area: 118 sq. km.
Limburg-Broich	1439-1508: County			1439: Partitioned from Limburg-Styrum	1442; Dukes of Berg gained overlordship from Dukes of Cleves 1449: Counts of Limburg-Broich embroiled in succession dispute with Neuenahr-Alpen over County of Limburg 1449: Shared rule over County of Limburg with Counts of Neuenahr-Alpen 1508: Inherited by Wirich V of Dhaun-Falkenstein who married Amoena of Sayn, adopted heiress of John of Limburg-Broich
Limburg-Hohelimburg	1246-1304: County			1246: Partitioned from Counties of Altena and Isenberg	1304: United with Limburg-Styrum
Limburg	1106: Duchy	Burg	PR	c1100	1155: the Lords of Limburg separated from Lower Lorraine and became independent dukes 1288: Passed to Brabant 1512: Burgundian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1648: Spain ceded the Counties of Dalhem and Falkenberg and the town of Maastricht to the United Provinces 1714: Southern Limburg passed to the Habsburg dominions of Austrian Netherlands 1794-1814: To France Area: 118 sq. km.
Limburg-Styrum Count of Limburg and Bronckhorst, Lord of Styrum, Wisch, Borkelo and Gemen, Hereditary Banner-Lord of the Principality of Gelderland and the County of Zütphen	1271: County			1271	Mediatised in 1806 Several partitions which did not outlast it
Limburg-Styrum-Borkelö	1766: County
Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst	1766: County
Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst-Borkelö	1644: County				1644: Partitioned from Limburg-Styrum 1766: Division into Limburg-Styrum-Borkelo and Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst
Limburg-Styrum-Gemen	1644-1782: HRE County			1644: Partitioned from Limburg-Styrum	1657: Division into Limburg-Styrum-Gemen and Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim Bench of Counts of Westphalia 1782: To Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim
Limpurg	County	Franc			1500: Franconian Circle 1806: Mediatised to Wurttemberg
Lindau	810: Abbacy 1466: Princess-Abbess				1802: Secularized 1804: To Austria 1805: To Bavaria
Lindau	1275: Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	1274	1802: Annexed to Pr. of Bretzenheim
Lingen	County	Low Rhen			1597: Occupied by Nassau-Orange 1605: To Spain 1633: To Nassau-Orange 1702: Inherited by Prussia
Lippe HRE Prince, Count & Noble Lord of Lippe, Count of Schwalenberg & Sternberg, Hereditary Burgrave of Utrecht	1129: Lordship 1529: Imperial County 1720: Principality	Low Rhen	WE	1129	1536: Partitioned into Lippe-Detmold and Sternberg and Pyrmont 1616: Division into Lippe-Detmold, Lippe-Brake, Lippe-Schwalenberg and Lippe-Alverdissen 1709: Lippe-Brake incorporated into Lippe-Detmold 1749: Lippe-Alverdissen line extinct 1807: Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined the German Confederation 1866: Joined the North German Confederation 1871: Joined the German Empire
Lippe-Detmold Prince, Count and Noble Lord of Lippe, Count of Schwalenberg & Sternberg, Hereditary Burgrave of Utrecht	County 1720: Principality 1789: HRE Prince 1918: Free State of Lippe-Detmold			1528: Partitioned from Lippe
Livonia	1201: Prince-Bishopric
Livonian Order					1202: Founded by Albert of Buxhoeveden
Lobkowitz Prince Lobkowitz, Duke of Raudnitz, Princely Counts of Sternstein, etc.	1624: HRE Prince				1300's: Lobkowitz 1st mentioned Acquired Princely County of Sternstein 1806: Mediatised to Bavaria 1814: Sternstein sold to Bavaria
Lommersum					Acquired by Schasberg
Loon (Looz in French) Duke and HRE Princely Count of Looz, Hesbaye/Hasbanien/Haspengau, Hoorn/Horne/Hornes, Niel/Nyel, Duke of Corswarem-Looz, Count of Fresing and Nieurlet, Upper-Court-Lord of the City and the Castellany of Cassel, Margrave of Ligny, Tongrinne and Pont-d'Oie, Baron of Longchamps and Cranewyck, Vice-Count of St.Gertrude at Liernu, Lord of the free City of Wavre, the City of Fleurus and the Lordships of Landelis, Bommeree, Denee, St. Marie, Vitry, Grand-Lez, Betisart, Clermont, Veleine, and other places	1000's: County of Loon			944	1366: Annexed to Bp. of Liège
Lorraine	1048: Duchy	Upp Rhen			925: Duchy of Lorraine (Lotharingia) part of the Holy Roman Empire 959: Administrative division into Upper Lorraine (present French Lorraine and Luxemburg) and Lower Lorraine (present Belgium, Brabant and the Netherlands) 1048: Emperor Henry III conferred the Duchy of Upper Lorraine upon Count Gerhard of Alsace 1480: Permanent union of the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar 1473: Counts of Vaudemont inherits Lorraine 1473: Rene II of Lorraine united his maternal inheritance of Lorraine, Bar, Pont-a-Mousson and Guise with his paternal inheritance of Vaudemont, Joinville, Aumale, Mayenne and Elbeouf 1552-1559: French occupation 1552-1559: French occupation 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1633-1659: French occupation 1670-1697: French occupation 1702-1714: French occupation 1736: To France
Lorraine-Nomény	Principality (personalist)	n/a	PR	1736	1803: Reichstag seat revoked
Lorsch	RA
Losenstein	HRE Lordship				1629: Line died out
Lowenstein HRE Count of Löwenstein, Wertheim, Rochefort, Montaigu, Limpurg, Virneburg, Gaildorf, Supreme Prince of Chassepierre/Chaisepierre, Lord of Scharfeneck, Breuberg, Herbeumont/Herbimont, Neufchâteau	1494: HRE County 1712: HRE Principality				1123: Lowenstein founded by the Counts of Calw ?-1281: To a branch of the Counts of Calw 1281: To Habsburgs when German King Rudolph I purchased Lowenstein and gave Lowenstein to his natural son Albert 1441: Sold by Henry, Albert's descendant, to the Elector Palatine of the Rhine Frederick I Louis II of Lowenstein inherited the County of Wertheim and other lands by marriage and called himself Count of Lowenstein-Wertheim 1806: Mediatized Area: 53 sq. mi.
Lowenstein-Scharfeneck
Löwenstein-Wertheim HRE Prince of Löwenstein and Wertheim, Count of Rochefort, Montaigu, Supreme Prince of Chassepierre/Chaisepierre, Lord of Scharfeneck, Breuberg, Herbeumont/Herbimont, Neufchâteau, Kerpen and Kasselburg	County 1803: HRE Principality	Franc		1574: Coalesced from Löwenstein, Stolberg-Rochefort and Wertheim-Breuberg	1500: Franconian Circle 1611: Division into Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg 1806: To the Prince-Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg
Lowenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg	1812: Prince
Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort HRE Prince of Löwenstein and Wertheim, Count of Rochefort, Montaigu, Supreme Prince of Chassepierre, Lord of Scharfeneck, Breuberg, Herbeumont, Neufchâteau, Kerpen & Kasselburg	1712: HRE Principality
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg	Principality
Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg				1611: Partition of Lowenstein-Wertheim	1721: Division into Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (Volradsche Line) and Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (Karlsche Line)
Lower Alsace	Landgraviate			731: Partitioned from Alsace	1358: Annexed to Strasbourg
Lower Austria	Duchy			1379: Partitioned from Austria	1493: Re-annexed to Austria
Lower Bavaria	Duchy			1255: Partitioned from Bavaria	1353: Partitioned into Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing
Lower Isenburg	HRE County	El Rhin		1218: Partitioned from Isenburg-Isenburg	1503: Partitioned into Isenburg-Grenzau and Isenburg-Neumagen 1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1664: Line died out
Lower Lotharingia Lower Lorraine	Duchy			977: Emperor Otto II granted Lower Lorraine as a duchy to Charles, brother of Lothair of France, as a German fief.	1033: United with Upper Lorraine when Gozelo I succeeded Superseded by Counts of Leuven (the later Dukes of Brabant) in 1106; without authority since 1190; both Brabant and Guelre based their claim of Archducal rank on being its successor
Lower Salm	County			1170: Partitioned from Salm	1416: Created as Salm-Reifferscheid
Lower Schönburg	County	Upp Sax	WT	1569: Partitioned from Schönburg	Partitioned into Schönburg-Hinterglauchau, Schönburg-Rochsburg and Schönburg-Wechselburg
Lübeck Lubeck	Bishopric	Low Sax	EC		1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularised as a principality to Oldenburg
Lübeck (Lubeck)	1226: Imperial Free City	Low Sax	RH	1188; 1226	1803: Secularized to Oldenburg * Area: 115 sq. mi; Pop. 105-857
Lübeck Lubeck	Principality	Low Sax
Lucerne	Imperial city			1415: Split off from Habsburg	1178: City of Lucerne founded Owned by Abbey of Murbach 1291: To Habsburgs 1332: Member of Swiss Condeferation 1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Lusatia Lower Lusatia Upper Lusatia	1367: Margraviate of Lower Lusatia 1415: Margraviate				Lower Lusatia 900's: Lower Lusatia formed into a separate march 1034: To Wettin dynasty of Saxony 1117: Partitioned from Lusatia 1131: Annexed to Meißen 1303: Purchased by Margrave of Brandenburg 1368: To Bohemia 1378: To Upper Lusatia 1415: To King of Bohemia 1469-1490: Recognized Matthias Corvinus as their sovereign 1490: To Bohemia again 1526: To Habsburg Austria 1635: Sold to Saxony 1815: To Prussia Upper Lusatia 1117: Partitioned from Lusatia 1160: Granted by Emperor to Bohemia 1253: To Magrave of Brandenburg 1329: To King of Bohemia Name of Upper Lusatia changed to Duchy of Gorlitz 1526: To Habsburg Austria 1620: Conquered by Elector of Saxony 1635: Sold to Saxony 1815: To Prussia
Lustenau	Imperial Farm				1814: To Austria
Luxembourg Luxemburg Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelbogen & Dietz, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg & Eppstein	963: Lord 1059: County 1354: Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy	Burg	PR	963	1139-1189: Union with County of Namur 1364: Acquired County of Chiny 1383-1443: Luxemburg pawned by Emperors to Bohemia and Burgundy 1441: Luxemburg sold to Dukes of Burgundy 1443-1482: To Dukes of Burgundy 1482-1815: To Austrian Habsburgs 1512: Burgundian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1815: Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1815-1890: Luxemburg and the Netherlands in personal union under King of the Netherlands

M

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Magdeburg	968: Archbishopric	Low Sax	EC	968	1648:Secularized as a duchy to Brandenburg
Magdeburg	Burgraviate
Mahlberg	Lordship
Maienfeld	Lordship
Mainz	Archbishopric 1356: HRE Prince-Elector	El Rhin	EL	962	1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1803: Merged with Bp. of Regensburg
Mainz	Free City			1242	1462: Annexed by Abp. of Mainz
Manderscheid Count of Manderscheid, Blankenheim & Geroltstein	Lordship 1453: County 1460: Imperial County			c934	1488: Partitioned into Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein, Manderscheid-Kail and Manderscheid-Schleiden 1806: Mediatised to Wurttemberg
Manderscheid-Schleiden	County			1488: Partitioned from Manderscheid	1647: Annexed to Kall
Mansfeld HRE Prince and Prince of Fondi, Count and Lord of Mansfeld, Noble Lord of Heldrungen, Seeburg and Schraplau, Lord of the Lordship of Dobrzisch, Neuhaus and Arnstein	County	Upp Sax		1051	Partitioned several times Partitions annexed by Mansfeld-Bornstedt 1780: Annexed to Saxony
Marchtal	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Mark	1198: County	Low Rhen	PR	1160: Split off from Berg	1368: United with Cleves 1521: United with Berg and Cleves 1609: War of Succession 1614: Annexed to Brandenburg 1666: Annexation by Brandenburg generally recognized
Martinstein	Lordship
Massa Malaspina	Lordship 1662: Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara				1797-1814: French occupation
Matsch	HRE County				1505: Line died out
Maulbronn	RA
Maursmunster	Imperial Abbey
Mechelen Malines	Lordship	Burg		c950: Fief of Bishop of Liège	1356: To Count of Flanders Passed to Habsburg 1512: Burgundian Circle
Mecklenburg Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Prince of the Wends, Schwerin & Ratzeburg, Count of Schwerin, Lord of the Lands of Rostock & Stargard	1170: Principality 1348: Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1139	1229: Partitioned into Mecklenburg, Werle, Rostock and Parchim 1304: Princes of Mecklenburg acquired Stargard as marriage dowry 1314: Prince of Rostock line died out 1416: Prince of Parchim line died out 1323: Acquired Rostock 1353: Partitioned 1358: Purchase of Schwerin from the Counts of Tecklenburg and Schwerin 1436: Acquisition of the lands of the extinct branch of Werle1536: Division into Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Gustrow 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1610: Mecklenburg principalities reunited 1621: Partitioned into Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1628: Dukes of Mecklenburg placed under an imperial ban 1629: To Albert of Wallenstein 1631: Dukes of Mecklenburg restored to their lands by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden 1648: Acquired secularized Bishoprics of Schwerin and Ratzeburg 1808: Confederation of the Rhine 1815: German Confederation
Mecklenburg-Güstrow	Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1621: Created on partition of D. of Mecklenburg	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1695: Mecklenburg-Gustrow line became extinct 1701: Partitioned between Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Prince of the Wendes, Schwerin & Ratzeburg, Count of Schwerin, Lord of the Lands of Rostock and Stargard	1621: Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1621: Created on partition of D. of Mecklenburg	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1808: Joined Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined German Confederation 1867: Joined North German Confederation 1871: Joined the German Empire
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Prince of the Wendes, Schwerin and Ratzeburg, Count of Schwerin, Lord of the Lands of Rostock and Stargard	1701: Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy	Low Sax	PR	1701: Created on partition of D. of Mecklenburg-Güstrow	1808: Joined Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined German Confederation 1867: Joined North German Confederation 1871: Joined the German Empire
Meißen Meissen	Bishopric			948	1559: Secularized to Saxe-Meißen
Meißen Meissen	1088:Margraviate			928	1440: Partitioned between Bp. of Meißen, D. of Saxe-Wittenberg and Lgv. of Thuringia
Memmingen	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1286	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Mergentheim	Ballei of the Teutonic Order				1500: Franconian Circle
Merseburg	Bishopric			968	1565: Secularized to Saxony
Meßkirch Messkirch	Lordship	Swab
Metz	500's: Bishopric	Upp Rhen		945, 1047, 1152: Annexed the Metzgau piecemeal	1558: Annexed to France 1648: Formally ceded to France
Metz	Imperial City	Upp Rhen		1207	1552: Annexed to France
Millendonk Myllendonk	Lordship 1700: HRE Lordship	Low Rhen			1263: Passed to Pesch Millendonk family 1268: Under overlordship of Guelders 1279: Under overlordship of Cologne Passed to Reifferscheid 1350: To Mirlar Inherited by Bronckhorst 1682/1690: To Dukes of Croy 1694: To Countess of Berlepsch 1700: To Counts of Ostein (by female inheritance) 1794: French occupation 1815: To Prussia
Mindelheim	Lordship HRE Principality of MIndelheim and Schwabegg				1704: To Dukes of Marlborough
Minden	803: Bishopric	Low Rhen	EC	977	1636: Swedish occupation 1648: By Treaty of Westphalia, secularized and annexed to Brandenburg as a principaltiy 1807: To Kingdom of Westphalia 1815: To Prussia
Minden	Principality	Low Rhen	PR	1648: Secularized from Bp. of Minden	Held by Brandenburg
Moers Mors	Lordship c1240: County 1706: Principality	Low Rhen		c1150	1493: Passed to Wied-Runke 1519: Passed to Neuenahr 1601: Inherited by *] 1702: Inherited by Brandenburg-Prussia 1794: French occupation 1815: To Prussia
Mollwitz	Principality
Mondsee	RA	in Austria
Mons Bergen	County			980: Partitioned from counsthip of Hainaut	1071: Merged back into Hainaut
Monschau	Barony			1221	1435: Annexed to Jülich
Montbéliard Mompelgard	1000's: HRE County Princely County	None			1397-1793: Passed by marriage to Counts of Wurttemberg 1793: Annexed to France
Montfort	County			1180: Partitioned from Tübingen	Partitioned several times Most lines annexed by Austria
Montfort-Montfort	County			1482: Partitioned from Montfort-Stadeck	1780: Divided between Austria and Württemberg
Moravia	830-906: Independent kingdom or duchy 1182: Margraviate	None		806	700's: Principality of Moravia emerged 833: Became the state of Great Moravia 833: Conquered Principality of Nitra 955: Under control of Bohemia 999-1019: Under rule of Boleslaw I of Poland 1019: Conquered by Bohemia from Poland 1349: Under House of Luxemburg 1411: Annexed to Bohemia 1526: To Habsburg Austria
Mosbach	Imperial Free City
Mötzkirch	Lordship			1495: Partitioned from Zimmern	1594: Annexed to Helffenstein
Mühlhausen	Imperial City	Low Sax	RH	1180	1803: Mediatized to Brandenburg
Mulhouse	Imperial City				1798: To France
Munchenroth	HRE Abbey
Münster Munster	791: Bishopric 1134: Prince-Bishopric	Low Rhen	EC	1180	1122: Acquired County of Kappenberg c1170: Acquired Lordship of Stromberg 1252: Acquired Lordship of Vechta from Ravensberg 1269: Purchased County of Horstmar 1310-1359: Purchased eastern half of Lordship of Lohn 1400: Acquired Ahaus in pledge 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized to Prussia, Arenberg, Looz, Salm and Croy
Münster	Imperial Free City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Münsterberg Munsterberg	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1465	1498: Partitioned into Münsterberg-Glatz, Münsterberg-Münsterberg and Münsterberg-Öls
Münsterberg-Bernstadt	Principality	n/a	n/a	1617: Partitioned from Münsterberg-Münsterberg	1639: Annexed to Münsterberg-Öls 1668: Partitioned from Münsterberg-Öls
Münsterberg-Glatz	Principality	n/a	n/a	1498: Partitioned from Münsterberg	1511: Annexed to Münsterberg-Münsterberg
Münsterberg-Juliusburg	Principality	n/a	n/a	1677: Partitioned from Münsterberg-Öls (1668)	1745: Annexed to Münsterberg-Bernstadt
Münsterberg-Münsterberg	Principality	n/a	n/a	1498: Partitioned from Münsterberg	1536: Partitioned into itself and Münsterberg-Öls 1617: Partitioned into Münsterberg-Bernstadt and Münsterberg-Öls
Münsterberg-Öls	Principality	n/a	n/a	1498: Partitioned from Münsterberg	1502: Annexed to Münsterberg-Münsterberg
Münsterberg-Öls	Principality	n/a	n/a	1536: Partitioned from Münsterberg-Münsterberg	1569: Annexed to Münsterberg-Münsterberg
Münsterberg-Öls	Principality	n/a	n/a	1617: Partitioned from Münsterberg-Münsterberg	1668: Partitioned into itself, Münsterberg-Bernstadt and Münsterberg-Juliusburg 1697: Annexed to Münsterberg-Bernstadt
Murbach	Imperial Abbey
Muri	Abbacy

N

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Namur	County Margaviate				1512: Burgundian Circle
Nassau Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen & Dietz, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg & Eppstein	1159: County 1366: Princely County 1737: Principality 1806: Duchy	n/a		1160	915: Nassau town founded 1125: Nassau castle built 1255: Division between Ottonian and Walramian branches and thereafter underwent numerous further partitions 1515: Counts gain title of Prince of Orange 1866: Annexed by Prussia
Nassau-Diez					1654: HRE Council of Princes
Nassau-Dillenburg				1250	1303: Division into Nassau-Siegen and Nassau-Hadamar 1334: Nassau-Dillenburg reunited 1654: HRE Council of Princes
Nassau-Hadamar					1654: HRE Council of Princes
Nassau-Orange Prince of Orange and Nassau, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Dietz, Lingen, Mörs, Buren, Leerdam, etc. Marquis of the Vere en Vlissingen, Lord and Baron of Breda, the City of Grave and Lands of Cuycq, Diest, Grimbergen, Herstal, Cranendoncq, Warneston, Arlay, Noseroy, St. Vith, Daesburgh, Polanen, Willemstadt, Niervaert, Ysselsteyn, St. Maertensdijck, Steenbergen, Geertruydenberge, Turenhout, Zevenbergen, of the Upper and Lower Swaluwen, Naeltwijck, Soest, Baren, ter Eem, Immenes, &c. Hereditaty Burgrave of Antwerp and Besançon, Hereditaty Marshall of Holland, Governor and Hereditary Stadholder of Gelderland and County of Zutphen, Holland, Zeeland, West-Frisia, Utrecht and Over-Yissel, and Land of Drenthe, Hereditary Captain-General, and Admiral of the United Netherlands	County			1559: Partitioned from Nassau-Dillenburg	1674: Annexed to Nassau-Diez
Nassau-Orange	Principality			1702: Partitioned from Nassau-Diez
Nassau-Siegen					1654: HRE Counci of Princes
Nassau-Usingen	County 1688: Principality	Upp Rhen		1659: Partitioned from Nassau-Saarbrücken
Nassau-Weilburg	Princely County 1688: HRE Prince	Upp Rhen		1442: Partitioned from Nassau-Weilburg-Saarbrücken
Naumburg-Zeitz	Bishopric			1029	1565: Annexed by Saxony
Naugard	County
Naumburg	Prince-bishopric
Nellenburg	Landgraviate
Neresheim	Imperial Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Nesselrode					Acquired Reichenstein
Neuburg	Lordship				1363: To Austria
Neu-Bruchhausen	County			1234: Partitioned from Bruchhausen	1388: Annexed to Hoya
Neuchâtel Neuchatel Neuenburg Sovereign Prince and Count of Neuchâtel and Count of Valangin	County 1643: Principality			1034	To Dukes of Orleans-Longueville 1707: Personal union with Prussia
Neu-Eberstein	County			1207: Partitioned from the Usgau	1589: Divided between Bronchorst-Gronsfeld and Wolkenstein 1673: Annexed to Speyer 1676: Annexed to Baden
Neuenahr	HRE County			1222	1419: Annexed to Virneburg 1545: To Julich
Neuenburg am Rhein	Imperial City			1218: Split off from Zähringen	to Austria
Neu-Katzenelnbogen	County			1245: Partitioned from Katzenelnbogen	1479: Annexed to Hesse-Marburg
Neumark See Brandenburg-Küstrin
Neustadt	Lordship			c1420: Partitioned from C. of Leyen	1625: Line Extinct To Trauttmansdorff To Wallmoden
Nickenich	Lordship			1611: Partitioned from Saffig	1714: Annexed to Adendorf
Nidda	County			1227: Partitioned from Ziegenhain	1333: Re-annexed to Ziegenhain
Niedermünster im Regensburg Niedermunster in Regensburg	Abbacy 1675: HRE Princess-Abess	Bav			1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes
Nienburg	County			1234	1582: Annexed to Brunswick-Calenberg
Nienburg	RA
Nomeny	Margraviate				1736: To House of Lorraine
Nordgau see Lower Alsace
Nordhausen	Imperial City	Low Sax	RH	1253	1803: Mediatized to Brandenburg
Nördlingen	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1215	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Nordmark	Margraviate			860	1136: Refounded as Mg. of Brandenburg
Northeim	County			1002	1165: Annexed to the Palatinate
Northern March See Nordmark
Nostitz	Lordship 1631: Barony 1692: County			15th Century	Acquired Rieneck
Nürburg	County			1144	1225: Annexed to Neuenahr
Nuremberg	1219: Imperial Free City Burgraviate			1110	1105: 1st mention of Nuremberg 1105-1192: To Counts of Raabs 1227: To Counts of Hohenzollern (by female succession and marriage) 1363: Received princely status 1415: Emperor pledged Margraviate of Brandenburg to Nuremberg 1417: Hohenzollerns enfeoffed with Brandenburg 1440: Burgraviate of Nuremberg partitioned into Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth 1500: Franconian Circle 1806: Annexed by Bavaria
Nuremberg	Imperial City	Franc	SW	1219

O

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes 1139: Annexed to Ballenstädt
1170: Recreated on partition
1365: Annexed to Meißen

Oberbronn	County			1622: Partitioned from Leiningen	1665: Annexed to Rickingen
Oberehnheim	Imperial Free City
Obermünster im Regensburg Obermunster in Regensburg	Abbacy	Bav			1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes
Obernai	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Oberried	Provostry
Oberstein	HRE Lordship HRE County				1682: Line died out
Ochsenhausen	1391: Abbey	Swab			1495: Became "reichsfrei" (territorially independent) 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized 1806: Annexed to Wurttemberg
Odenheim	Provostry	Upp Rhen
Offenburg	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1289	1803: Mediatized to Baden
Olbruck	HRE Lordship
Oldenburg ''Grand Duke of Oldenburg, Heir in Norway, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarshes & Oldenburg, Prince of Lubeck and Birkenfeld, Lord of Jever and Kniphausen"	County 1774: Duchy 1829: Grand Duchy	Low Rhen	PR	1101	1181: Counts obtained HRE Princely rank 1667: Main Oldenburg line died out 1676: To Christian V of Denmark 1773: To Grand Duke Paul of Russia 1871: Joined German Empire
Oppeln	Duchy
Orange	1000's: County 1173: Principality 1376: HRE Principality	Upp Rhen		1000's: Split off from Countship of Provence	1150: Division into 2 princely lines 1289: Lines reunited 1417: To Chalons dynasty 1530: To Nassau dynasty 1660-1665: French occupation 1673-1702: French occupation 1713: To France
Orange-Nassau See Nassau-Orange
Orlamünde	County			1032	1015: Annexed to Weimar
Orlamünde	County			1170: Partitioned from Ballenstädt	Partitioned several times 1411: Annexed to Meißen
Orlamünde-Gräfenthal	County			1295: Partitioned from Orlamünde	1321: Partitioned into Orlamünde-Lauenstein, Orlamünde-Weimar and Orlamünde-Wiehe
Orlamünde-Gräfenthal-Lichtenkamm	County			1406: Partitioned from Orlamünde-Lauenstein	1426: Annexed to Meißen
Orlamünde-Lauenstein	County			1321: Partitioned from Orlamünde-Gräfenthal	1406: Partitioned into Orlamünde-Gräfenthal-Lichtenkamm, Orlamünde-Lauenstein-Schaunforst and Orlamünde-Lichtentanne
Orlamünde-Lauenstein-Schaunforst	County			1406: Partitioned from Orlamünde-Lauenstein	1467: Annexed to Saxe-Wittenberg
Orlamünde-Lichtentanne	County			1406: Partitioned from Orlamünde-Lauenstein	1460: Annexed to Saxe-Wittenberg
Orlamünde-Plassenburg	County			1285: Partitioned from Orlamünde-Weimar	1340: Annexed to Meißen
Orlamünde-Weimar	County			1100: Partitioned from Weimar
Orlamünde-Wiehe	County			1321: Partitioned from Orlamünde-Gräfenthal	1372: Annexed to Meißen
Orsini and Rosenberg Prince of Orsini and Rosenberg, Baron of Lerchenau and Grafenstein	1681: HRE Count (Personalist) 1790: HRE Prince (Personalist)	n/a	FR	1681	1200's: Family 1st mentioned 1684: Adopted style of "Orsini-Rosenberg"
Ortenau	Landgraviate
Ortenburg Count of Ortenburg, Count and Lord of Tambach	1805: HRE County			1048	1395: Partitioned into Ortenburg-Altortenburg, Ortenburg-Dorfbach and Ortenburg-Neuortenburg 1500: Bavarian Circle 1805: Ceded to Bavaria
Ortenburg-Altortenburg	1395: County			1395: Partitioned from Ortenburg	1446: Annexed to Ortenburg-Dorfbach
Ortenburg-Carinthia	County			1100's: Created from the Ortenburger and Sponheimian territories in Carinthia	1660: Annexed to Austria
Ortenburg-Dorfbach	County			1395: Partitioned from Ortenburg	1462: Annexed to Ortenburg-Neuortenburg
Ortenburg-Neuortenburg	County			1395: Partitioned from Ortenburg
Osnabrück Osnabruck	Bishopric	Low Rhen	EC	783: Bishopric 1226	1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized to Hanover 1813: Annexed to Hanover
Osterberg	Lordship			1540: Partitioned from Kronburg	1745: Renamed to Rechberg and Rothenlöwen
Öttingen Ottingen	1147: County 1674: HRE Prince	Swab		1141	1423: Partitioned into Öttingen-Flochberg, Öttingen-Öttingen, Öttingen-Spielberg and Öttingen-Wallerstein 1522: Division into Ottingen-Ottingen and Ottingen-Wallerstein
Ottingen-Baldern					1798: Line extinct; passed to Ottingen-Wallerstein
Öttingen-Flochberg	County			1423: Partitioned from Öttingen	1549: Annexed to Öttingen-Öttingen
Öttingen-Öttingen	County; 1674: Principality	Swab		1423: Partitioned from Öttingen	1731: Line extinct; annexed to Öttingen-Wallerstein
Öttingen-Spielberg	County; 1734: Principality			1423: Partitioned from Öttingen-Wallerstein
Öttingen-Wallerstein	County; 1774: Principality	Swab		1423: Partitioned from Öttingen	1623/1694: Division into Ottingen-Baldern, Ottingen-Spielberg, Ottingen-Wallerstein
Ottobeuren	Abbacy
Overijssel	Lordship	Burg			1512: Burgundian Circle

P

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Paderborn	795: Bishopric 1127: Prince-Bishopric	Low Rhen	EC	881	777: 1st church in Paderborn founded Between 815-862: Paderborn received special imperial protection from Emperor Louis the Pious 881: Confirmation of Bishopric of Paderborn as a county 974: Emperor Otto II bestowed the right to a free election of bishops 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Secularized and annexed to Prussia 1807: To Kingdom of Westphalia 1813: To Prussia
Palatinate Kurpfalz Count Palatine of the Rhine, Arch-Steward and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire	1095: County Palatine 1356: HRE Prince-Elector	El Rhin	EL	945; origins in the 6th century	945: Palatinate of Lorraine 1095: Palatinate of the Rhine 1214: County Palatinate went to Bavarian Wittelsbach by inheritance 1623: Electoral dignity transferred to Bavaria 1628: Incorporated into Bavaria 1648: New electoral seat granted to Palatinate 1777: Inherited by Bavaria 1803: Mediatized 1410: Partitioned into Electoral Palatinate, Upper Palatinate or Palatinate-Amberg, Palatinate-Mosbach and Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1448: Palatinate-Mosbach line extinct; reunited with Electoral PalatinateUpper Palatinate line extinct; united with Electoral Palatinate 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1610: Partitioned into itself and Palatinate-Simmern 1777: Inherited by Bavaria 1803: Incorporated into Bavaria
Palatinate-Amberg	County Palatine	n/a	n/a	1410: Partitioned from the Palatinate	1448: Annexed to the Palatinate
Palatinate-Birkenfeld	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1569: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1600: Partitioned into itself and Palatinate-Bischweiler 1671: Annexed to Palatinate-Neuburg 1735: Partitioned from Palatinate-Bischweiler 1775: Annexed to Palatinate-Gelnhausen
Palatinate-Bischweiler	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1600: Partitioned from Palatinate-Birkenfeld	1654: Division into Palatinate-Bischweiler and Palatinate-Gelnhausen 1671: Inherited extinct Birkenfeld line 1731: Inherited Duchy of Zweibrucken 1735: Partitioned into Palatinate-Birkenfeld and Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Palatinate-Gelnhausen	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1654: Partitioned from Palatinate-Lützelstein	1801: Annexed to France
Palatinate-Hilpolstein	County Palatine	Bav	PR	1614: Partitioned from Palatinate-Neuburg	1644: Annexed to Palatinate-Sulzbach
Palatinate-Kleeburg	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1604: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1654 - 1718: Annexed to Sweden 1718: Annexed to Palatinate-Landsberg
Palatinate-Landsberg	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1604: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1677 - 1693: Annexed to France 1731: Annexed to Palatinate-Bischweiler
Palatinate-Lautereck	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1592: Partitioned from Palatinate-Veldenz	1694: Annexed to Palatinate-Birkenfeld
Palatinate-Lützelstein	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1592: Partitioned from Palatinate-Veldenz	1654: Partitioned into Palatinate-Gelnhausen and Palatinate-Lautereck
Palatinate-Mosbach	County Palatine	n/a	n/a	1410: Partitioned from the Palatinate	1499: Annexed to the Palatinate
Palatinate-Neuburg	Duchy	Bav	PR	1505: Created for Otto, Henry and Philip, sons of Ruprecht, Bishop of Freising	1557: Annexed to Pfalz-Zweibrucken
Palatinate-Neuburg	County Palatine	Bav	PR	1569: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1614: Partitioned into itself, Palatinate-Hilpoltstein and Palatinate-Sulzbach 1685: Elector Palatines
Palatinate-Simmern	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1569: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1598: Elector Palatines 1610: Partitioned from the Palatinate 1673: Annexed to the Palatinate
Palatinate-Sulzbach	County Palatine	Bav	PR	1569: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zeeibrücken	1604: Annexed to Palatinate-Neuburg 1614: Partitioned from Palatinate-Neuburg 1742: Elector Palatines
Palatinate-Veldenz	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1514: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1592: Partitioned into Palatinate-Lautereck and Palatinate-Lützelstein
Palatinate-Vohenstrauss	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1569: Partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken	1597: Annexed to Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Zweibrücken	County Palatine	Upp Rhen	PR	1410: Partitioned from the Palatinate	1459: Partitioned into itself and Palatinate-Simmern 1514:Partitioned into itself and Palatinate-Veldenz 1569: Partitioned into itself, Palatinate-Birkenfeld, Palatinate-Neuburg, Palatinate-Sulzbach and Palatinate-Vohenstrauss 1604: Partitioned into itself, Palatinate-Kleeburg and Palatinate-Landsberg 1661: Annexed to Palatinate-Landsberg
Palatinate-Zweibrücken	County Palatine 1661: Duchy	Upp Rhen	PR	1735: Partitioned from Palatinate-Bischweiler	1569: Division into 5 parts 1600: Division into Palatinate-Birkenfeld (extinct 1671) and Palatinate-Bischweiler 1799: Annexed to Bavaria
Palatiante-Zweibrucken-Birkenfeld	1731: Duchy				1799: To Bavaria
Pappenheim HRE Count & Lord of Pappenheim	c1030: Lordship 1628: County			c1030	1439: Division into Aletzheim, Gräfenthal and Treutlingen 1558: Division into Pappenheim and Stühlingen 1536: Absorbed Gräfenthal1647: Absorbed Treutlingen 1697: Absorbed Aletzheim 1806: Mediatised to Bavaria
Parkstein	1776: HRE County				1777: immediate Lords of Reipoltskirchen
Passau	c722: Bishopric	Bav	EC	999	1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Annexed to Salzburg 1805: Secularized to Bavaria
Passavant	Lordship
Petershausen	983: Abbacy	Swab			983: Abbey founded by St. Gebhard II (979-995) 1793: Council of Princes
Pfäfers Pfafers	740: Abbey HRE Abbacy
Pfullendorf	Imperial Free City	Swab	SW		Mediatized in 1803
Platen	Lordship 1630: Barony			c1396	Acquired Hallermund 1707: Formed C. of Platen-Hallermund
Platen-Hallermund	County			1707: Created out of a union of Platen barony and Hallermund
Plesse	Lordship				1571: Line of lords died out; passed to Hesse
Plettenberg	Lordship 1724: HRE County			c1643	1698: Partitioned into Plettenberg-Lenhausen and Plettenberg-Wittem 1722: immediate Lords of Wittem and Eyss 1732: Imperial Estate
Plettenberg-Lenhausen				1698: Partitioned from Plettenberg	1730: Annexed to Plettenburg-Wittem
Plettenberg-Wittem HRE Count of Plettenberg & Wittem	Lordship 1724: County			1698: Partitioned from Plettenberg
Plön	Duchy
Pluwig	Lordship
Pomerania	Duchy				1156: Division into Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Demmin 1181: Pomerania became an Imperial fief 1185: Pomerania became a Danish fief 1227: Imperial fief again 1231: Under Margrave of Brandenburg's feudal authority 1236: Pomerania-Demmin accepted Brandenburg's feudal authority; Stargard transferred to Brandenburg 1250: Dukes of 2 lines enfeoffed by Margrave of Brandenburg 1250: Barnim I acquired castle and territory of Wolgast 1264: Pomerania-Demmin line died out
Further Pomerania					1582: HRE Council of Princes
Hither Pomerania					1582: HRE Council of Princes
Pomerania-Stettin	Duchy
Pomerania-Wolgast	Duchy
Provence	855: Kingdom 879: County				863: Divided between Italy (south) and Lotharingia (Lorraine) (north) 869-877: French rule 933: To Kingdom of Arles 1032-1246: To Holy Roman Empire 1113-1246: To Counts of Barcelona 1246: French fief 1481: In personal union with the French royal domain
Prüm Prum Pruem	720: HRE Abbey Prince-Abbot	Upp Rhen			721: Prum was built 1574: Ceded to Trier 1793: Council of Princes 1801: Annexed to France 1815: Incorporated to Prussia
Pückler and Limpurg	County	Franc	FR	Renamed from Pückler when inherited a portion of Limpurg
Pyrbaum	Lordship				1500: Bavarian Circle
Pyrmont Prince of Waldeck & Pyrmont, Count of Rappolstein, Lord of Hohenack & Geroldseck am Wasgau	County	Low Rhen	WF	1149	1557: Annexed to Sternberg and Pyrmont 1583: Recreated on partition 1631: Annexed to Waldeck-Eisenberg
Pyrmont (in Eifel)	County	Low Rhen	WF		Held by Waldbott von Bassenheim

Q

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Quadt Count of Quadt in Wykradt and Isny	1752: HRE County	Low Rhen	WF		1502: Acquired Wykradt 1803-1806: Acquired Isny 1814: Annexed to Prussia
Quedlinburg	931: HRE Abbacy Princess-Abbess	Upp Sax			1793: Council of Princes 1801: Secularized 1803: To Prussia 1807: To Westphalia 1815: To Prussia
Querfurt	Lordship			950	1466: Annexed to Bayer-Naumburg
Querfurt	Principality	Upp Sax

R

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Rantzau Ranzau Rantzow	County	Low Sax			Acquired Barmstedt
Rapperswil Rapperschwyl	Lordship 1232/1233: HRE County				1200: Rapperswil founded 1229: 1st mention of Rapperswil castle 1309: Inherited by the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg Town bought itself free from Austria 1442: Joined the Swiss Confederation
Rappolstein	Lordship HRE County
Ratibor	Duchy
Ratzeburg	Bishopric	Low Sax		1236	1648: Secularized as a principality to Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Ratzeburg	Principality	Low Sax		1648: Secularized to Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Held by D. of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Ravensberg	1180: County	Low Rhen		1150	1346: To Counts of Berg 1348: To Dukes of Julich 1521: To Dukes of Kleve 1614: To Brandenburg
Ravensburg	Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	1276	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Ravenstein	Barony			12th Century	1528: Annexed to Cleves
Rechberg	Lordship 1577: HRE Barony 1626: HRE County				1179: 1st mention of Rechberg 1806: Mediatised to Wurttemberg
Rechberg and Rothenlöwen Baron of Rechberg at Hohenrechberg	1601: HRE Barony County			1613?: Imperial Estate 1745: Renamed from L. of Osterberg 1810: Bavarian Counts
Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld	County	Franc	FR	1713: Renamed from Rechteren when inherited a portion of Limpurg
Reckheim	1623: HRE County				To Aspremont-Lynden
Regensburg Ratisbon Ratisbone	739: Bishopric 1803: Archbishopric	Bav	EC	919	1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Principality of Regensburg-Aschaffenburg 1803: Archbishopric (merged with Mainz) 1810: To Bavaria
Regensburg	1180: Imperial Free City	Bav	SW	1180	1190-1245: Imperial administration 1500: Bavarian Circle 1802: Administered by Mainz 1803: Annexed to Bp. of Regensburg 1810: French administration 1810: Annexed to Bavaria
Regenstein	County	n/a		1160: Partitioned from Blankenburg	1366: Annexed to Hainburg
Regenstein	County	Low Sax	PR	Created of a union between Blankenburg and Hainburg	1671: Annexed to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Reichelsberg Reichsberg	Lordship HRE County				1500: Franconian Circle To Schonborn
Reichenau	RA			724: Monastery founded
Reichenstein	HRE County				1698: Acquired by Nesselrode
Reichenweier	Lordship
Reipoltskirchen	HRE Lordship	Upp Rhen
Remiremont	620: Abbey 1290: HRE Princess-Abbess				620: Abbey founded 1070: Imperial estate 1790: Secularized and annexed to France
Reuß Reuss	1673: Imperial County	Upp Sax	PR	c1010	c1206: Partitioned into Reuss-Gera, Reuss-Plauen and Reuss-Weida
Reuß-Berg	County	Upp Sax	PR	1583: Partitioned from Reuß-Unter-Greiz	1640: Annexed to Reuß-Unter-Greiz
Reuß-Ebersdorf Reuss-Ebersdorf	County 1806: Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1678: Partitioned from Reuß-Lobenstein
Reuß-Gera Reuss-Gera	County	Upp Sax	PR	c1206: Partitioned from Reuß	1479: Annexed to Reuß-Lobenstein
Reuß-Gera Reuss-Gera	County	Upp Sax	PR	1647: Partitioned from Reuß-Schleiz	1802: Divided between Reuß-Lobenstein and Reuß-Schleiz
Reuß-Greiz Reuss-Greiz Prince Reuss, Count and Lord of Plauen, Lord of Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz & Lobenstein	County 1778: Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1303: Partitioned from Reuß-Plauen 1583: Partitioned from Reuß-Unter-Greiz	1564: Partitioned into Reuss-Ober-Greiz, Reuss-Schleiz and Reuss-Unter-Greiz 1604: Partitioned into Reuß-Ober-Greiz and Reuß-Unter-Greiz 1768: Union of Reuß-Ober-Greiz and Reuß-Unter-Greiz
Reuß-Hirschberg Reuss-Hirschberg	County	Upp Sax	PR	1678: Partitioned from Reuß-Lobenstein	1711: Divided between Reuß-Ebersdorf and Reuß-Lobenstein
Reuß-Hof Reuss-Hof	County	Upp Sax	PR	1225: Partitioned from Reuß-Weida	1264: Re-annexed to Reuß-Weida 1288: Recreated on partition in 1288 1411: Annexed to Nuremberg
Reuß-Lobenstein Reuss-Lobenstein Prince Reuss, Count and Lord of Plauen, Lord of Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz & Lobenstein	1673: County 1790: Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1425: Partitioned from Reuß-Gera 1647: Partitioned from Reuß-Schleiz	1547: Annexed to Reuß-Plauen 1824: Lobenstein became part of Reuss-Ebersdorf
Reuß-Ober-Greiz	County	Upp Sax	PR	1564: Partitioned from Reuß-Greiz	1768: Renamed to Reuß-Greiz
Reuß-Osterstein-Ronneberg	County	Upp Sax	PR	1225: Partitioned from Reuß-Weida	1253: Re-annexed to Reuß-Weida
Reuß-Plauen Reuss-Plauen	County	Upp Sax	PR	c1206: Partitioned from Reuß	1569: Divided between Reuß-Greiz and Saxony
Reuß-Saalburg	County	Upp Sax	PR	1647: Partitioned from Reuß-Schleiz	1666: Re-annexed to Reuß-Schleiz
Reuß-Schleiz Reuss-Schleiz Prince Reuss, Count and Lord of Plauen, Lord of Gera, Kranichfeld, Greiz, Schleiz & Lobenstein	County 1806: HRE Prince	Upp Sax	PR	1564: Partitioned from Reuß-Greiz
Reuß-Selbitz	County	Upp Sax	PR	1710: Partitioned from Reuß-Lobenstein	1805: Re-annexed to Reuß-Lobenstein
Reuß-Unter-Greiz	County	Upp Sax	PR	1564: Partitioned from Reuß-Greiz	1583: Partitioned into Reuß-Berg and Reuß-Greiz
Reuß-Unter-Greiz	County 1673: Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1604: Partitioned from Reuß-Greiz	1768: Annexed to Reuß-Ober-Greiz
Reuß-Weida Reuss-Weida	County	Upp Sax	PR	c1206: Partitioned from Reuß	1532: Partitioned several times. Annexed to Saxony
Reutlingen	Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	1240	1803: Mediatized to Württemberg
Rheda	Lordship				1190: To Lords of Lippe 1364: To Counts of Tecklenburg 1605: To Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg 1808: To Grand Duchy of Berg 1818: To Kingdom of Prussia
Rheina-Wolbeck	1802: Principality				To 1082: Part of Bishopric of Munster 1806: To Grand Duchy of Berg 1811: Annexed to France 1815: To Prussia
Rheineck	Lordship Burgraviate	El Rhin			1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1654: To Sinzendorf-Ernstbrunn 1806: To the Prince-Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg
Rheinfelden	Lordship
Rheinfelden	Imperial city			1225	1330: Sold to Habsburg
Rheintal	Lordship
Rhine	Rhinegraviate			1058: From Rhinegau	1361: Annexed to Wild-Rhine
Rhinegau	County			937	Rhine in 1058
Rickingen	1310: County			1310; Partitioned from Leiningen	1310: Created as a County ruled by Leiningen 1668: Annexed to Leiningen-Hartenburg
Riedesel zu Eisenbach	Lordship
Riedlingen	Imperial Free City
Rieneck	Lordship 1641: County	Franc		1619: Partitioned from Nostitz	1500: Franconian Circle 1796: Partitioned into Thürmitz and Tschochau Acquired by Nostitz
Rietberg	1237: County 1353: Imperial County	Low Rhen	1237		1456: Under sovereignty of Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel 1526/1577: Passed by female inheritance to the Counts of East Frisia 1690/1702: Passed by female inheritance to the Counts of Kaunitz 1807: Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia 1815: To Prussia
Rochefort	County			1454: Partitioned from Arenberg	1544: Annexed to Stolberg-Rochefort
Roggenburg	HRE Abbey	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Roggendorf	HRE Lordship HRE County				1600: To Austria
Rosheim	Imperial Free City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Rostock	Principality
Rot an der Rot	RA
Röteln Roteln	Lordship
Roth an der Roth	1376: HRE Abbey	Swab			1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized to Counts of Wartenberg 1806: To Kingdom of Wurttemberg
Rothenburg ob der Tauber	Imperial Free City	Franc	SW	1274	1500: Franconian Circle 1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Rothenfels	County	Swab
Rottenmünster Rottenmunster	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Rottweil	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1140	1802: Mediatized to Württemberg
Runkel	Lordship 1219: County				1521: Inherited by the Counts of Wied 1806: Mediatised to Nassau-Weilburg
Rugen	Principality			1162	1168-1438: A Danish fief 1325: Princely house extinct; united with Pomerania-Wolgast 1648: To Swedish Pomerania 1815: To Prussia
Ruppin	County				To Counts of Arnstein

S

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Saarbrücken (Saarbrucken)	County			c1120	999: 1st mention of castellum Sarabrucca To Bishops of Metz To Counts of the Lower Saargau To Counts of the Ardennes 1353: Saarbrucken passed to the Walram line of the Counts of Nassau 1381-1793: To Counts of Nassau-Saarburcken 1801-1815: To France 1815: To Prussia
Saarwerden and Lahr	County
Sassenburg					To Counts of Mark
Sagan	Duchy
St Blaise	Abbacy
St Emmeram St. Emmeram in Regensburg	RA				830-975: United to Augsburg 1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes
St. Gall(en)	RA			1207	1799: Annexed to Helvetic Republic
St Gall	Imperial city				1799: Annexed to Helvetic Republic
St. George in Isny	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
St. Hubert	Abbacy
St. Johann im Turital	HRE Abbey
St. Kornelimünster St. Kornelimunster	Abbacy	Low Rhen			1793: Council of Princes
St Maximin (Trier)	HRE Abbey
St. Peter	Jurisdiction
St. Peter auf dem Schwarzwald	Abbacy
St. Trudpert	Abbacy
St. Ulrich and St. Afra in Augsburg	Abbacy				1793: Council of Princes
Salem	RA
Salm	1019: County 1623: HRE Principality	n/a	n/a	1019: Partitioned from Saarbrücken	1170: Partitioned into Lower Salm (line of Lords of Reifferscheid) and Upper Salm (line of "Wild- und Rheingrafen" or "Forest and Rhine Counts") 1639: Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck separated from Lower Salm 1651: Upper Salm divided into Salm and Salm-Grumbach 1654: HRE Council of Princes 1676: Salm divided into Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg 1734: Lower Salm divided into Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur and Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz
Salm-Badenweiler	County	Upp Rhen		1431: Partitioned from Upper Salm	1520: Partitioned into itself and Salm-Neuburg 1600: Annexed to Lorraine1608: Recreated 1670: Annexed to France
Salm-Blankenburg	County	n/a	n/a	1246: Partitioned from Upper Salm	1506: Annexed to Lorraine
Salm-Dhaun Salm-Daun Forest and Rhine Count of Salm in Dhaun	1263: County Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen	WF	1499: Partitioned from Upper Salm	1263: Separated from Upper Salm 1499-1574: Part of Salm 1574: Partitioned into itself, Salm-Grumbach and Salm-Salm 1697: Partitioned into itself and Salm-Puttlingen 1750: Part of Salm-Grumbach 1750: Annexed to Salm-Puttlingen 1815: To Prussia
Salm-Grumbach	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen	WF	1574: Partitioned from Salm-Dhaun	1668: Partitioned into itself and ppSalm-Rheingrafenstein and Grehweiler]] 1801: Annexed by France 1803: Renamed Salm-Horstmar with new territories
Salm-Hoogstraten	Altgraviate	Upp Rhen	PR	1696: Partitioned from Salm-Neuweiler	1739: Renamed to Salm-Salm
Salm-Horstmar Forest and Rhine Count of Salm in Horstmar	County	Swab	SW	1803: Renamed from Salm-Dhaun	1269: Part of Bishopric of Munster Acquired County of Horstmar in Prussia and part of the County of Limpurg in Wurttemberg 1806: Annexed to Berg 1810: Annexed by France 1815: To Prussia 1816: Prince of Salm-Horstmar in Prussia
Salm-Kyrburg	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen	WF	1499: Partitioned from Upper Salm	1607: Partitioned into itself, Salm-Mörchingen and Salm-Tronecken 1681: Annexed to Salm-Mörchingen
Salm-Kyrburg Prince of Salm-Kyrburg, Sovereign Prince of Ahaus, Bocholt & Gemen, Forest Count of Dhaun & Kyrburg, Rhine Count of Stein	1086: County 1742: Principality	Upp Rhen	PR		Acquired Principality of Overijse and Lordships of Leuze Pecq in Belgium Acquired Lordship of Boxen and Meer-Gestel in the Netherlands 1806: Confederation of the Rhine 1811: To France 1813: Mediatized to Prussia 1905: Line died out; style assumed by Princes of Salm-Salm 1742: Partitioned from Salm-Leuze 1815: To Prussia
Salm-Leuze	Wild- and Rhinegraviate, later Principality		PR	1696: Partitioned from Salm-Neuweiler	1742: Partitioned into itself and Salm-Kyrburg 1779: Annexed to Salm-Kyrburg
Salm-Mörchingen	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen		1607: Partitioned from Salm-Kyrburg	1688: Annexed to Salm-Neuweiler
Salm-Neuburg	Wild- and Rhinegraviate County Palatine from 1629	Upp Rhen	WF	1520: Partitioned from Salm-Badenweiler	1653: Territories to Sinzendorf 1784: Extinct
Salm-Neuweiler	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen		1608: Partitioned from Salm-Salm	1696: Partitioned into Salm-Hoogstraten and Salm-Leuze
Salm-Puttlingen	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen		1697: Partitioned from Salm-Dhaun	1748: Renamed to Salm-Dhaun
Salm-Reifferscheid	Altgraviate 1455: County	Upp Rhen		1416: Created out of union of Lower Salm and Reifferscheid	1639: Separated from Lower Salm 1693: Partitioned into Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur and Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck 1801-1813: Annexed by France 1815: To Prussia
Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur	County Principality from 1803	Upp Rhen	WF	1639: Partitioned from Salm-Reifferscheid	1734: Partitioned into itself, Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach and Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz 1804: Renamed to Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim
Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck HRE Prince of Salm, Duke of Hoogstraeten, Forest Count of Dhaun and Kyrburg, Rhine Count of Stein, Lord of Diemeringen, Anholt	County	Low Rhen	WF		Acquired Lordship of Baindt in Wurttemberg 1608: Division into Salm-Salm and Salm-Neuweiler >1806: Confederation of the Rhine 1811: To France 1813: Mediatized to Prussia 1816: Prince of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck in Prussia 1888: Line died out; style assumed by Princes of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krantheim
Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach	County			1734: Partitioned from Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur
Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim	Principality	Swab	SW	1804: Renamed from Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur
Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz	County 1790: Principality	n/a	n/a	1734: Partitioned from Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur
Salm-Rheingrafenstein and Grehweiler	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen	WF	1688: Partitioned from Salm-Grumbach
Salm-Salm	1574: County Wild- and Rhinegraviate 1623: Principality	Low Rhen, Upp Rhen	WF, PR	1574: Partitioned from Salm-Dhaun	1608: Partitioned into itself and Salm-Neuweiler 1738: Annexed to Salm-Hoogstraten
Salm-Salm HRE Prince of Salm, Duke of Hoogstraeten, Forest Count of Dhaun and Kyrburg, Rhine Count of Stein, Lord of Diemeringen, Anholt	Wild- and Rhinegraviate 1623: Principality	Low Rhen, Upp Rhen	WF, PR	1739: Renamed from Salm-Hoogstraten
Salm-Tronecken	Wild- and Rhinegraviate	Upp Rhen		1607: Partitioned from Salm-Kyrburg	1637: Annexed to Salm-Mörchingen
Salmannsweiler Salmansweiler	Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Salzburg	c543: Bishopric 798: Archbishopric 1278: Prince-Archbishopric 1803: Duchy of Salzburg 1803: HRE Elector of Salzburg	Bav	EC	c543	1500: Bavarian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized as a duchy for the former Grand Duke of Tuscany 1805: To Austria
Sargans	HRE County				1500: To Austria
Sarrebourg	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			Annexed to France
Saussenberg	Landgraviate
Savoy	1031/32: County 1313: HRE Prince 1416: Duchy	Upp Rhen	PR	1032	1401: Purchased County of Geneva 1419: Acquired Piedmont 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1792: Annexed to France 1860: Ceded to France
Sax	Barony
Saxony	850: Margraviate 888:Duchy 1356-1806: Electorate 1806-1918: Kingdom				c850: Ludolf appointed Margrave of Saxony by Emperor Louis the German 961-1106: To House of Billung 1106: To Henry the Proud 1180: Henry the Lion deprived of his Duchy of Saxony 1485: Division into the Albertine (later Electoral Saxony)and Ernestine lines (later Thuringia and Saxon duchies)
Saxe-Altenburg	1602-1672: Duchy 1826-1918: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1602: Partitioned from Saxe-Weimar	1672-1825: In personal union with Saxe-Gotha
Saxe-Coburg Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, of Julich, Cleve and Berg, of Engern and Westphalia, Landgrave in Thuringen, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Count of the Mark and Ravensberg, Lord of Ravenstein and Tonna, etc.	1596-1633: Duchy 1681-1699: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1572: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha	1633: Annexed to Saxe-Eisenach 1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha 1699: United to form Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1699: Created from union of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Saalfeld
Saxe-Eisenach	1596-1638:Duchy 1640-1644: Duchy 1672-1806: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1572: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha	1638: Partitioned into Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Altenburg 1640: Partitioned from Saxe-Weimar 1644: Partitioned into Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Gotha 1662: Partitioned from Saxe-Weimar 1741: United to form Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Saxe-Eisenberg	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha	1707: Annexed to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Saxe-Gotha	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1553: Partitioned from Saxe-Thuringia	1572: Partitioned into Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Eisenach
Saxe-Gotha	1640-1680: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1640: Partitioned from Saxe-Weimar	1680: Partitioned into Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Eisenburg, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Hildburghausen, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Römhild and Saxe-Saalfeld
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha
Saxe-Hildburghausen	1680: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha
Saxe-Jena	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1662: Partitioned from Saxe-Weimar	1600: Division between Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach
Saxe-Lauenburg	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1260: Partitioned from Saxony	1305: Partitioned into Saxe-Mölln-Bergedorf and Saxe-Ratzeburg
Saxe-Marksuhl	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1662: Partitioned from Saxe-Weimar	1682: Annexed to Saxe-Weimar
Saxe-Meiningen	1681-1918: Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha
Saxe-Meissen	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1485: Partitioned from Saxe-Wittenberg	1547: Annexed to Saxony
Saxe-Merseburg	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1656: Partitioned from Saxony	1738: Annexed to Saxony
Saxe-Mölln-Bergedorf	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1305: Partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg	1401: Annexed to Saxe-Ratzeburg
Saxe-Ratzeburg	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1305: Partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg	1689: Annexed to Brunswick-Celle
Saxe-Römhild	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha	1710: Annexed to Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe-Saalfeld	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1680: Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha	1699: United to form Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Saxe-Thuringia	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1485: Partitioned from Saxe-Wittenberg	1553: Partitioned into Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar
Saxe-Weimar Grand Duke of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, Langrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Misnia, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt und Tautenburg	1572-1806 Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1553: Partitioned from Saxe-Thuringia	1582: HRE Council of Princes 1602: Partitioned into itself and Saxe-Altenburg 1640: Partitioned into itself, Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Gotha 1672: Division into itself, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Marksuhl, and Saxe-Jena 1741: Personal union of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach 1809: Merger to form Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Duke of Saxony, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt, Tautenburg, etc.	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1741: Created from union of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar
Saxe-Weissenfels	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1656: Partitioned from Saxony	1746: Annexed to Saxony
Saxe-Wittenberg	Duchy 1356: HRE Prince-Elector	n/a	EL	1260: Created on partition of D. of Saxony	1423: United with Mrg. of Meißen to form D. of Saxony 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Saxe-Zeitz	Duchy	Upp Sax	PR	1656: Partitioned from Saxony	1718: Annexed to Saxony
Saxony	Duchy	n/a		8th century	1260: Partitioned into Saxe-Wittenberg and Saxe-Lauenburg
Saxony	Duchy, and an Electorate	Upp Sax	EL	1423: Created from merger of Mrg. of Meißen and D. of Saxe-Wittenberg	Partitioned into Ernestine and Albertine branches in 1485
Saxony (Albertine branch)	Duchy 1547: Electorate	Upp Sax	PR/EL	1485: Created from partition of D. of Saxony	The electorate was previously held by the Ernestine branch
Saxony (Ernestine branch)	Duchy 1485-1547: Electorate	Upp Sax	EL/PR	1485: Created from partition of D. of Saxony	after 1572: Underwent numerous partitions
Sayn	County	Low Rhen			1247: To Counts of Sponheim 1294: Division into Sayn-Sayn and Sayn-Vallendar 1606: Sayn, Hachenburg and Altenkirchen lines died out 1345: Marriage of Salentin of Sayn-Vallendar and Adelhei, heiress of County of Wittgenstein 1605: Division into Sayn-Berlebrug, Sayn-Sayn and Sayn-Wittgenstein.
Sayn-Altenkirchen	County				To Saxe-Eisenach To Brandenburg-Asbach To Prussia
Sayn-Hachenburg	County				To Manderscheid-Blankenheim To Kirchberg To Nassau-Weilburg
Sayn-Sayn					1648: Division into Sayn-Hachenburg and Sayn-Altenkirchen
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, Lord of Vallendar and Neumagen	1361: County 1792: Principality				1605: Division into Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein 1806: Annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt 1806: Annexed to Prussia
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hachenburg	1648: County				1623: Occupied by Archbishopric of Cologne 1715: To Burgraves of Kirchberg 1799: To Counts of Nassau-Weilburg 1803: To Sayn-Wittenstein-Berleburg To Grand Duchy of Luxemburg
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein	1605: County 1801: Principality				1806: Annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt 1816: Annexed to Prussia
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn					1846: Line extinct
Schaffhausen	HRE Abbey
Schaffhausen	1190: Imperial Free City	n/a		1190	1045: 1st mention of Schaffhausen with right to mint 1049: To Abbey of Allerheiligen 1330: Emperor pledges town to Habsburgs 1415: Schaffhausen buys its independence from Habsburg 1501: Joined the Swiss Confederation
Schäsberg Schasberg
Schaumburg Schauenburg	1110: County 1619: HRE County	Low Rhen	WE	1110	Division into Schaumburg and Schaumburg-Lippe Partitioned in 1640, with most of its territory being annexed to Hesse-Kassel; the remainder continued as Schaumburg-Lippe 1646: Schaumburg divided into--County of Pinneberg in Holstein was transferred to King of Denmark; Lordship of Bergen in Holland was sold; Lordship of Gemen in Westphalia passed to Count of Limburg; and County of Sternberg fell to Lippe.
Schaumburg-Lippe Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, Noble Lord of Lippe, Count of Schwalenberg and Sternberg, etc.	1647: HRE County 1807: Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe	Low Rhen	WE	1647: Previously part of Schaumburg	Area: 340 sq. km.; Pop. (1800): c20,000
Schaumburg-Rendsburg	County			1290	1474: Merged into Schleswig-Holstein
Schaunberg	HRE Lordship HRE County				1559: Line died out
Scheer	Lordship 1785: Princely County of Friedberg and Scheer				To Thurn und Taxis
Schellenberg	Lordship				1510: Last Baron of Brandis sold Vaduz and Schellenberg to the Counts of Sulz 1699:Sold to Liechtenstein
Schiers	High Jurisdiction
Schillingen	Lordship
Schleswig	947: Bishopric
Schleswig Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarshes, Lauenburg & Oldenburg	1115: Duchy			1058	1386: To Counts of Holstein as a hereditary fief 1460: Schleswig and Holstein in personal union with Denmark 1474: Merged into Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein	Duchy			1474: Created from Holstein, Schleswig, and Schaumburg-Rendsburg	1581: Division into "royal part", with the King of Denmark as duke, and a "ducal part", known as Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp 1658: Danish Crown renounced suzerainty over ducal Schleswig 1773: Held by K. of Denmark 1866: To Prussia
Schlettstadt Sélestat	Imperial Free City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Schliengen	Lordship
Schlitz gennant von Görtz	1116: Lordship 1677: HRE Barony 1726: HRE County	Franc	WT	1804: Seat in the Counts of the Wetterau	1116: To Abbey of Fulda 1408: Renamed to Schlitz gennant von Görtz 1563: Acquired Lordshiop of Pfarrstellen 1656: Gained independence from Fulda 1806: Mediatised to Hesse-Darmstadt
Schmalkalden	Lordship	None
Schönborn Schonborn					Acquired Reichelsberg
Schönburg Schonburg	1700: Imperial County	Upp Sax			1740: Under partial overlordship of Electoral Saxony
Schönburg-Hartenstein	Principality	Upp Sax		1800: Partitioned from Upper Schönburg
Schönburg-Hinterglauchau	County	Upp Sax		Partitioned from Lower Schönburg
Schönburg-Rochsburg	County	Upp Sax		Partitioned from Lower Schönburg
Schönburg-Waldenburg	Principality	Upp Sax		1800: Partitioned from Upper Schönburg
Schönburg-Wechselburg	County	Upp Sax		Partitioned from Lower Schönburg
Schönstein Schonstein	Lordship
Schönthal Schonthal	HRE Abbacy
Schussenried	HRE Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Schwabegg	HRE Lordship				To Mindelheim
Schwäbisch Gmünd Schwabisch Gmund	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized to Württemberg
Schwäbisch Hall Schwabisch Hall	1280: Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	1280	1156: 1st mention of Schwabisch Hall in a treaty To Counts of Comburg-Rothenburg c1116: Passed to Hohenstaufen 1204: Schwabisch Hall called a town 1802: Lost its territory and political independence 1803: Mediatized to Württemberg
Schwäbisch Wörth	Imperial Free City				1607/08: To Bavaria 1705-1714: Imperial Free City
Schwalenberg	County			10th century	1137: Partitioned into Pyrmont and Waldeck
Schwalenberg-Sternberg	County			1613: Partitioned from Lippe-Detmond	1620: Re-annexed to Lippe-Detmond
Schwarzburg HRE Prince of Schwarzburg, Count of Hohenstein, Lord of Arnstadt, Sondershausen, Leutenberg, Lohra & Klettenberg	County1695: HRE Principality			1195: Partitioned from Käfernburg	1160: Division into Schwarzburg and Kafernburg By 1184: Owned Schwarzburg, Blankenburg and Konigsee 1248: Acquired Sondershausen 1302: Annexed to Schwarzburg-Käfernburg 1306 and 1332: Purchased Lordship of Arnstadt 1340: Acquired Rudolstadt and Frankenhausen 1599: Division into Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 1754: HRE Council of Princes
Schwarzburg-Arenstadt	Principality			1721: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	1651-1669 and 1681-1716: Separate lines of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt existed 1762: Re-annexed to Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Arnstadt	County			1326: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Blankenburg 1642: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Sonderhsausen	Partitioned several times 1583 and 1669: Annexed to Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Blankenburg	County			1231: Partitioned from Schwarzburg	Extinct in 1357
Schwarzburg-Ebeleben	County 1681: Principality			1642: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	1681-1721: Re-annexed to Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen	County			1552: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Arnstadt	1597: Annexed to Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Käfernburg	County			1195: Partitioned from Käfernburg	1385: Extinct
Schwarzburg-Keula	Principality			1721: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	1740: Re-annexed to Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Leutenberg	County			1324: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Schwarzburg	1564: Annexed to Schwarzburg-Arnstadt
Schwarzburg-Neustadt	Principality			1721: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	1749: Re-annexed to Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Schwarzburg-Rabenwald	County			1231: Partitioned from Schwarzburg	1312: Annexed to Schwarzburg-Käfernburg
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Prince of Schwarzburg (-Rudolstadt), Count of Hohenstein, Lord of Arnstadt, Sondershausen, Leutenberg, Blankenburg, etc	County 1697: Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1552: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Arnstadt
Schwarzburg-Schwarzburg	County			1274: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Blankenburg	1316: Divided into Schwarzburg-Leutenberg and Schwarzburg-Wachsenburg
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen HRE Prince of Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen, Count of Hohenstein, Lord of Arnstadt, Sondershausen, Leutenberg	County 1697: Principality	Upp Sax	PR	1552: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Arnstadt	Partitioned several times though it continued
Schwarzburg-Wachsenburg	County			1324: Partitioned from Schwarzburg-Schwarzburg	1368: Annexed to Meißen
Schwarzen	Lordship
Schwarzenbach	Lordship
Schwarzenberg HRE Prince of Schwarzenberg, Princely Landgrave of Klettgau, Count of Sulz, Duke of Krummau, Lord of Gimborn)	Lordship 1429: Barony 1566: County 1599: Imperial County 1670: Imperial Prince 1671: Princely Landgraviate	Franc		1347	1500: Franconian Circle 1624: Extinct 1674: HRE Council of Princes 1789: Partitioned from Stephanswald-Franconia as Klingenberg
The Schwarzgraviate	County			1333: Partitioned from Hohenzollern	1412: Re-annexed to Hohenzollern
Schweidnitz	Principality
Schweinfurt	1254: Free Imperial Town	Franc	SW	1282	791: 1st mention of Schweinfurt 1200's: Obtained status of a town 1386: Joined Swabian League of Cities 1500: Franconian Circle 1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Schweppenhausen	Lordship
Schwerin	Bishopric	Low Sax		1165	1648: Secularised as a principality to Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Schwerin	Principality	Low Sax		1648: Secularized from Bp. of Schwerin	Held by Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Schwerin	1167: County			1161	1167: Gunzel of Hagen enfeoffed with Schwerin by Henry the Lion of Saxony 1279: Division into Schwerin-Schwerin and -Scwerin-Wittenburg 1323: Schwerin-Boizenburg line 1328: Inherited County of Tecklenburg by female succession 1343: Mecklenburg obtained hereditary rights 1344: Schwerin-Schwerin line died out 1349: Schwerin-Wittenburg-Boizenburg line died out 1358: Line of Counts of Schwerin died out; sold to Mecklenburg
Schwyz	Imperial valley			1309: Split off from Habsburg	972: "Community of Free Peasant of Schwyz" 1173: To Habsburgs 1240: Schwyz declared directly dependent of the Emperor 1315: Original member of the Swiss Confederation 1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation 1798-1803: To Helvetic Republic
Sélestat - see under "Schlettstadt"
Seckau	1218: Bishopric 1218: HRE Prince-Bishopric	Aust		1218
Segenberg	Lordship 1628: HRE County				To Waldstein/Wallenstein house
Seinsheim	HRE Lordship	Franc	FR	Barony of the House of Schwarzenberg	1803: Gained seat in Bench of Counts of Franconia
Selz	Imperial Abbey
Sickingen	County	Swab
Siebenbürgen	Principality
Siegburg	RA
Sigmaringen				1250	900's: Sigmaringen castle built 1077: 1st mention of Sigimaringin ?-1253: To Counts of Peutengau-Hirschberg 1270: To Counts of Montfort 1290: Sold to Austria 1325: To Counts of Wurttemberg 1362: To Counts of Werdenberg 1534: To Counts of Hohenzollern
Sinzendorf HRE Prince of Sinzendorf & Thannhausen, Burgrave of Winterrieden, Baron of Ernstbrunn	1648: HRE Counts 1803: HRE Princes				1610: HRE Baron of Ernstbrunn 1653: immediate Burgraves of Rheineck 1803: immediate Burgraves of Winterrieden
Sinzendorf-Ernstbrunn					Acquired Rheineck
Sion (French) = Sitten (German) Sitten - see under "Sion"	Bishopric			c775	999: Bishops were also Counts of Valais 1798: Annexed to Valais=Wallis then Switzerland
Soest	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH		1609: Annexed to Cleves
Söflingen Soflingen	HRE Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Solms Count of Solms, Lord of Münzenberg, Wildenfels & Sonnenwalde	County	n/a	n/a	1129	1258: Partitioned into Solms-Braunfels and Solms-Burg-Solms
Solms-Alt-Puch	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1688: Partitioned from Solms-Sonnenwalde	1711: Partitioned into itself, Solms-Kurzwitz, Solms-Rösa and Solms-Sonnenwalde in 1711 1769: Annexed to Solms-Kurwitz
Solms-Assenheim	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1632: Partitioned from Solms-Baruth 1699, 1728: Partitioned from Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim	1635, 1722, 1778: Annexed Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim
Solms-Baruth	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1600: Partitioned from Solms-Laubach	1622: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Assenheim 1696: Partitioned into itself, Solms-Baruth upon Klitschdorf and Wehrau, Solms-Laubach, Solms-Utphe and Solms-Wildenfels
Solms-Baruth upon Klitschdorf and Wehrau	County	n/a	n/a	1696: Partitioned from Solms-Baruth
Solms-Braunfels HRE Prince of Solms, Lord of Braunfels, Grafenstein, Münzenberg, Wildenfels & Sonnenwalde	County 1742: Principality	Upp Rhen	WT	1258: Partitioned from Solms	1235: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Ottenstein 1409: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Lich 1592: Partitioned into itself, Solms-Greifenstein and Solms-Hungen
Solms-Burg-Solms	County	n/a	n/a	1258: Partitioned from Solms	1415: Annexed to Solms-Braunfels
Solms-Greifenstein	County	Upp Rhen		1592: Partitioned from Solms-Braunfels	1693: Annexed to Solms-Braunfels
Solms-Hohensolms	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1562: Partitioned from Solms-Lich	1718: Annexed to Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
Solms-Hohensolms-Lich	County 1792: Principality	Upp Rhen	WT	1718: Union of Solms-Hohensolms and Solms-Lich
Solms-Hungen	County			1592: Partitioned from Solms-Braunfels	1678: Annexed to Solms-Greifenstein
Solms-Kotiz	County			1747: Partitioned from Solms-Kurwitz
Solms-Kurwitz	County	Upp Rhen	n/a	1711: Partitioned from Solms-Alt-Puch	1747: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Kotiz
Solms-Laubach	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1544: Partitioned from Solms-Lich	1561: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Sonnenwalde 1607: Partitioned into itself, Solms-Baruth and Solms-Rödelheim 1627: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Sonnenwalde 1676: Annexed to Solms-Baruth 1696: Partitioned from Solms-Baruth
Solms-Lich	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1409: Partitioned from Solms-Braunfels	1544: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Laubach Partitioned into itself and Solms-Hohensolms 1718: United to form Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
Solms-Ottenstein	County	n/a	n/a	1325: Partitioned from Solms-Braunfels	1424: Annexed to Solms-Braunfels
Solms-Rödelheim	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1607: Partitioned from Solms-Laubach 1699, 1728: Partitioned from Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim	1635, 1722, 1778: Annexed to Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim
Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim	County	Upp Rhen	WT	1635, 1722, 1778: Created from a union of Solms-Assenheim and Solms-Rödelheim	1699, 1728: Partitioned back into Solms-Assenheim and Solms-Rödelheim
Solms-Rösa	County	Upp Rhen	n/a	1711: Partitioned from Solms-Alt-Puch
Solms-Sachsenfeld	County	Upp Rhen	n/a	1741: Partitioned from Solms-Wildenfels
Solms-Sonnenwalde	County	Upp Rhen	n/a	1561: Partitioned from Solms-Laubach	1615: Annexed to Solms-Laubach 1627: Partitioned from Solms-Laubach 1688:Partitioned into itself and Solms-Alt-Puch 1803: Annexed to Solms-Rösa
Solms-Utphe	County	Upp Rhen	n/a	1696: Partitioned from Solms-Baruth	1762: Extinct
Solms-Wildenfels	County	Upp Rhen	n/a	1696: Partitioned from Solms-Baruth	1741: Partitioned into itself and Solms-Sachsenfeld
Solothurn	1218: Imperial Free City			1218	1355: Associate member of Swiss Confedearation; annexed to Bern 1481: Full member of Swiss Confederation 1798: To Helvetic Republic 1803: Republic of Solothurn
Sonnenberg	1463: HRE County				1474: Purchased by Austria
Speyer	Bishopric	Upp Rhen	EC	888	1793: Council of Princes 1803: Annexed to Baden
Speyer	Imperial City	Upp Rhen	RH	1294	1792: Annexed to France
Spoleto	Duchy in Italy			6th century	1201: To Papal States
Sponheim	HRE County			9th/10th Century	1227: Partitioned into Sponheim-Eberstein, Sponheim-Heinsberg, Sponheim-Kreuznach and Sponheim-Starkenburg
Sponheim-Bolanden	County			1314: Partitioned from Sponheim-Kreuznach	1393: Annexed to Nassau-Dillenburg
Sponheim-Castellaun	County			1291: Partitioned from Sponheim-Kreuznach	1340: Re-annexed to Sponheim-Kreuznach
Sponheim-Eberstein	County			1227: Partitioned from Sponheim	1263: Divided between Sponheim-Kreuznach and Sponheim-Starkenburg
Sponheim-Heinsberg	County			1227: Partitioned from Sponheim	1258: Annexed to Sponheim-Eberstein
Sponheim-Kreuznach	County			1227: Partitioned from Sponheim	Partitioned several times 1416: Divided between Baden and Palatinate 1707: All to Palatinate
Sponheim-Sayn	County			1261: Partitioned from Sponheim-Eberstein	1283: Partitioned into Sayn and Sayn-Homburg
Sponheim-Starkenburg	County			1227: Partitioned from Sponheim	1444: Divided between Baden and Palatinate 1776: All to Palatinate
Stadion HRE Count of Stadion-Stadion & Thannhausen	1200's: Local Lordship 1686: Barony 1705: HRE County			12th/13th Century	1100's: Family 1st mentioned Acquired Thannhausen Acquired Lordship of Waldhausen 1741: Partitioned into Stadion-Thannhausen and Stadion-Warthausen
Stadion-Thannhausen Count of Stadion-Stadion-Thannhausen	1705: HRE County			1741: Partitioned from Stadion	1806: Mediatised to Bavaria
Stadion-Warthausen Stadion-Waldhausen Counts of Stadion-Waldhausen and Thannhausen	1705: HRE County			1741: Partitioned from Stadion	1806: Mediatised to Austria and Wurttemberg
Stargard	Duchy				1130: To Dukes of Pomerania 1236: To Margraves of Brandenburg 1292: To Princes of Mecklenburg 1352-1471: To Mecklenburg-Stargard 1348: HRE Estate
Starhemberg	1679: HRE Count (Personalist) 1765: HRE Prince (Personalist)	n/a	FR	1679	1100's: Family 1st mentioned
Starhemberg-Schaumburg-Wachsenberg Prince of Starhemberg, Count of Schaumburg-Wachsenberg, etc.	1705: HRE Prince				Acquired County of Schaumburg-Wachsenberg
Starkenburg	HRE Lordship				1237: To Sponheim
Starkenstein	Lordship
Stauf Ehrenfels	HRE Lordship HRE Couty
Staufenberg	Lordship
Staufeneck	Lordship			1432: Partitioned from Staufeneck-Babenhausen	1599: Annexed to Donzdorf
Staufeneck-Babenhausen	Lordship			1351: Partitioned from Aichen	1432: Partitioned into Babenhausen-Mindelheim-Cellmünz and Staufeneck
Stauffen	Lordship	Swab
Stavelot Stablo	RA	Low Rhen			650: The double cloister, Stablo-Malmedy, was built 1793: Council of Princes
Stein	County 1194: Rhinegraviate			1072	1268: Annexed to Rhine
Stein am Rhein	HRE Abbey
Stein zu Nassau	HRE Lordship
Steinfurt	c1129: Lordship 1495: HRE County	Low Rhen		c1129	1421: Annexed to Bentheim-Bentheim 1806: To Grand Duchy of Berg 1810: To France 1815: To Prussia
Stephanswald	Barony			1437: Partitioned from Schwarzenberg	1529: Divided between Stephanswald-Franconia and Stephanswald-Liége
Stephanswald-Franconia	Barony 1599: County 1670: Principality			1510: Partitioned from Stephanswald	1789: Partitioned into Klingenberg (see Schwarzenberg) and Krumau
Stephanswald-Liége	Barony			1510: Partitioned from Stephanswald	Extinct in 1656
Sternberg-Manderscheid	County (personalist)	n/a	WF
Sternberg and Pyrmont	County			1536: Partitioned from Lippe	1583: Partitioned into Lippe-Detmond and Pyrmont
Sternberg-Schwalenberg	County			1627: Partitioned from Lippe-Detmond	1736: Partitioned into Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weißenfeld
Sternstein HRE Prince of Lobkowitz, Duke in Silesia at Sagan, Princely Count of Sternstein, Lord of Raudnitz	1641: HRE Princely County	Bav			1500: Bavarian Circle To Lobkowitz
Stetten	Lordship
Stettenfels	Lordship
Stettin	Duchy
Stolberg Count of Stolberg, Königstein, Rochefort, Wernigerode and Hohenstein, Lord of Eppstein/Epstein, Munzenberg, Breuberg, Agimont, Lohra & Klettenberg	County	Upp Sax		1210	1231: Partitioned into Stolberg-Bockstädt and Stolberg-Stolberg 1429: Acquired County of Wernigerode 1538: Division into Count of Stolberg-Stolberg, Count of Stolberg-Königstein, Count of Stolberg-Rochefort, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode, Count of Stolberg-Schwarza 1738: Under partial overlordship of Electoral Saxony
Stolberg-Bockstädt	County			1231: Partitioned from Stolberg	1346: Annexed to Stolberg-Stolberg
Stolberg-Gedern	1710: County 1742: Principality			1710: Partitioned from Stolberg-Wernigerode	1804: Re-annexed to Stolberg-Wernigerode
Stolberg-Hohenstein	1571: County			1571: Partitioned from Stolberg-Stolberg	1615: Reunited with Stolberg-Stolberg
Stolberg-Islenburg	County			1672: Partitioned from Stolberg-Wernigerode	1710: Re-annexed to Stolberg-Wernigerode
Stolberg-Königstein	1538-1581: County			1538: Partitioned from Stolberg-Stolberg	1581: Line extinct; annexed back to Stolberg-Stolberg
Stolberg-Ortenberg	County			1572: Partitioned from Stolberg-Wernigerode	1641: Divided between Stolberg-Stolberg and Stolberg-Wernigerode
Stolberg-Ortenberg	County			1572: Partitioned from Stolberg-Wernigerode 1669: Partitioned from Stolberg-Stolberg	1641: Division into Stolberg-Wernigerode and Stolberg-Stolberg 1684: To Stolerg-Stolberg 1704: Partitioned into Stolberg-Rossla and Stolberg-Stolberg
Stolberg-Rochefort	1538-1574: County			1538: Partitioned from Stolberg-Stolberg	1574: Line extinct; annexed to Löwenstein-Wertheim
Stolberg-Rossla	1704: County of Stolberg-Rossla 1893: Prince of Stolberg-Rossla			1704: Partitioned from Stolberg-Ortenberg 1730-1738: Under partial overlordshi of Saxony 1803: To Kingdom of Saxony 1815: To Prussia
Stolberg-Schwarza	1538: County			1538: Partitioned from Stolberg-Stolberg	1638: Annexed to Stolberg-Wernigerode 1748: Annexed to Stolberg-Wernigerode
Stolberg-Stolberg	1538: County 1893: Prince of Stolberg-Stolberg			1231: Partitioned from Stolberg	Partitioned several times 1631: Annexed to Stolberg-Wernigerode 1638: Recreated on partition 1684: Annexed to Stolberg-Ortenburg 1704: Recreated on partition 1730-1738: Under partial overlordshi of Saxony
Stolberg-Wernigerode	1538: County of Stolberg-Wernigerode			1538: Partitioned from Stolberg-Stolberg	1714: Under partial overlordship of Prussia Partitioned several times, although countship continued.
Storkow	Lordship				1518: To Lebus Abbey 1556: Margrave of Brandenburg-Kustrin 1575: To Elector of Brandenburg
Strasbourg	Bishopric	Upp Rhen	EC	982 Autonomous from 775	1681: Annexed to France 1793: Council of Princes
Strasbourg Strassburg	1262: Imperial City	Upp Rhen			1681: Annexed to France
Stühlingen Stuhlingen	Landgraviate	Swab		1582: Partitioned from Pappenheim	1084: 1st mention of "comes de Stulingen" 1582: Line extinct; passed to Pappenheim 1639: Annexed to Fürstenberg 1806: To Grand Duchy of Baden
Styria Steiermark	970: Margraviate 1180: Duchy	Aust	PR		1192: United with Duchy of Austria 1254: Under control of Hungary 1260: Under control of Ottokar of Bohemia 1276: Became a Habsburg possession 1379-1436 and 1564-1619: Separate Habsburg line ruled in Styria 1512: Austrian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes
Sulz	1139: Lordship County			1071	1252: Acquired by Lords of Geroldseck 1270-1472: To Lords of Geroldseck Rudolf of Sulz acquired Lordships of Rotenberg and Kriechingen and County of Klettgau 1473: Acquired by Wurttemberg 1510: Last Baron of Brandis sold Vaduz and Schellenberg to Counts of Sulz 1519-1534: Sulz belonged to Lords of Geroldseck 1534: To Wurttemberg 1572: Partitioned into Klettgau and Sulz-Vaduz 1613: Counts of Sulz sold Vaduz and Schellenberg to the Counts of Hohenems
Sulz-Vaduz	County			1572: Partitioned from Sulz	1616: Annexed to Weingarten
Sulzbach	HRE Village
Sulzburg	Lordship 1522: Barony 1673: County			1322: Partitioned from Wolfstein	1500: Bavarian Circle 1740: Annexed to Bavaria
Sundgau -See under Upper Alsace	c900's: County Landgraviate				900: 1st mention of County of Sundgau 1135: Landgraviate of Sundgau to Habsburgs 1648: Sold to France
Swabia	Duchy			c911: From the former Stem Duchy of Alemannia	1079-1268: To Hohenstaufens 1268: Discontinued 1289-1313: Reestablished for the House of Habsburg
Swabia	Landvogtei
Swabian Austria	Landgraviate				Consisted of the Danube cities of Mengen, Munderkingen, Riedlingen, Saulgau and Waldsee (acquired between 1282 and 1331), the Margraviate of Burgau (1302 - 1304), the County of Berg with Ehingen and Schelkingen (1346), the County of Hohenburg with Rottenburg (1381), the County of Nellenburg (1465) and the provincial Prefecture of Swabia (1386 - 1541), Vorarlberg (14th century), the Breisgau (1478) with Freiburg (1368; seat of government since 1651), the provincial Prefecture of Ortenau (1551 - 1556) and the County of Tettnang (1780). 1512: Austrian Circle

T

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Tanegg	Vogtei
Tarasp Trasp	HRE Lordship	Aust			1512: Austrian Circle 1683: To Princes of Dietrichstein
Teck	Duchy	Swab			1381: Sold their lands to the Counts of Wurttemberg; the title of Duke of Teck was in 1495 the basis for the elevation of the county of Wurttemberg to a duchy
Tecklenburg	County	Low Rhen	WE	Early 11th century	1189: Simon of Tecklenburg acquired the Lordship of Ibbenburen 1263: Annexed by Bentheim 1327-1557: To Counts of Schwerin 1365: Acquired Lordship of Rheda 1385: Acquired Lordship of Iburg 1493: Division into Tecklenburg (with Rheda) and Lingen 1557: Tecklenburg and Rheda to Bentheim 1696: Tecklenburg to Solms-Braunfels by judgment 1707: Solms-Braunfels sold rights to Brandenburg 1808: To Grand Duchy of Berg<1810>To France 1815: To Prussia
Tettnang and Argen	HRE County
Thannhausen	Lordship 1665: HRE County				1708: Acquired by Stadion To Sinzendorf
Thengen (Tengen)	Lordship 1663: Imperial County	Swab			To Habsburg dominions in Swabia 1663: To the Prince of Auersperg which gave him a seat and a voice in the Reichstag
Thorn	992: Abbacy 1292: Imperial Principality-Abbacy	Low Rhen		992	1793: Council of Princes 1795: Annexed to France 1815: To The Netherlands
Thüngen	Lordship
Thurgau	Landgraviate
Thuringia	1130: Landgraviate				1247: Male line died out
Thurn und Taxis HRE Prince of Thurn & Taxis, Prince of Buchau, Princely Count of Friedberg & Sheer, Count of Valsassina/Valle-Sassina, Baron of Impden, Lord of the free Imperial Lordships of Eglingen & Osterhofen, of Lordships of Demmingen, Markt-Dischingen, Trugenhofen, Ballmertshofen, Duttenstein, Wolfertheim, Rossum & Meusseghem	1608: HRE Barony 1624: HRE Count 1695: HRE Principality				1512: Granted noble status by Emperor Maximilian I (confirmed in 1534 by Emperor Charles V) 1512: To Electoral Rhenish Circle 1615: Lamoral von Taxis appointed hereditary Imperial Postmaster General 1681: Granted princely rank in the Spanish Court Acquired Eglingen 1754: HRE Council of Princes
Thurnau	Lordship
Toggenburg	1209: County				1044: 1st mention of Counts of Toggenburg 1394: Division 1468: Sold to Abbacy of St Gall
Toul	300's: Bishopric	Upp Rhen		1048	1552: Annexed to France 1648: Formally ceded to France
Toul	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			Annexed to France in 1552
Trauttmansdorff Prince of Trauttmansdorff-Weinberg and Neustadt am Kocher, Princely Count of Umpfenbach, Baron of Gleichenberg, Nogau, Burgau and Totzenbach, etc.	1623: HRE County 1805: HRE Principality				1300's: Family 1st mentioned Acquired Weinsberg and Neustadt
Trento Trient	c300: Bishopric 1027-1802: HRE Prince-Bishopric	Aust	EC	1027	1300's: Annexed to Bavaria 1363: Bishops gave County of Tyrol to Rudolf IV of Austria 1419: Bishop submitted directly to Emperor 1425: Trento declared a commune Trento and Brizen received status of "[er[etual confederate" states among Austrian possessions 1512: Austrian Circle c1519: Bishops acquired lordships of Castelbarco and Rovereto 1578:Prince-Bishops re-acquired sovereignty To 1658: Trento and Brixen held by Madruzzo family 1658: Assigned to Sigismund Francis, Regent of Tirol 1662: Under direct Imperial rule 1793: Council of Princes 1801: Secularized and annexed by Austria 1803: Incorporated into Austria as part of Tyrol 1805: Annexed to Bavaria 1810: Annexed to Kingdom of Italy 1813: Annexed to Austria<1918>Annexed to Italy
Triest Trieste	1295: Free Imperial City				Till 1285: To Bishopric of Trieste 1382: Accepted Austrian (Leopoldine line) ovelordship 1806-1813: French rule
Triberg	Lordship
Trier	c811: Archbishopric 1356: HRE Prince-Elector	El Rhin	EL	898 771: Autonomous	898: Trier obtained its temporal power under Archbishop Radbod from Duke Zwentibold of Lorraine 1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1803: Annexed to Nassau-Weilburg
Troppau (Opava)	Principality	n/a	n/a	1278	1366: Partitioned into Troppau-Leobschütz, Troppau-Ratibor and Troppau-Troppau
Troppau-Jägerndorf	Principality	n/a	n/a	1424: Partitioned from Troppau-Ratibor	1433: Partitioned into itself and Troppau-Rybnik 1474: Annexed to Bohemia
Troppau-Leobschütz	Principality	n/a	n/a	1366: Partitioned from Troppau	1394: Annexed to Bohemia 1433: Partitioned from Troppau-Troppau 1462: Annexed to Bohemia
Troppau-Münsterberg	Principality	n/a	n/a	1433: Partitioned from Troppau-Troppau	1452: Partitioned into itself and Troppau-Steinau 1464: Annexed to Bohemia
Troppau-Ratibor	Principality	n/a	n/a	1366: Partitioned from Troppau	1424: Partitioned into itself and Troppau-Jägerndorf 1506: Annexed to Bohemia
Troppau-Rybnik	Principality	n/a	n/a	1433: Partitioned from Troppau-Jägerndorf	1424: Partitioned into itself and Troppau-Jägerndorf 1479: Annexed to Bohemia
Troppau-Steinau	Principality	n/a	n/a	1433: Partitioned from Troppau-Troppau	1474: Annexed to Bohemia
Troppau-Troppau	Principality	n/a	n/a	1366: Partitioned from Troppau	1433: Partitioned into Troppau-Leobschütz and Troppau-Münsterberg
Tubingen	HRE County
Turckheim Turkheim	Imperial Free City	Upp Rhen			Annexed to France in 1648
Tyrol Tirol	1140: County 1493: Princely County	Aust	PR	10th century?	1363: To Habsburgs 1512: Austrian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1802: Bishopric of Trent secularized and annexed to Tyrol Trent, Tyrol and Voralberg ceded to Bavaria

U

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Überlingen Uberlingen	Imperial City	Swab	SW	1268	1803: Mediatized to Baden
Ulm	1155: Free Imperial City	Swab	SW	1115	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria 1809: To Wurttemberg
	Umpfenbach	Lordship 1805: HRE Princely County			To Trauttmansdorff
Unterwalden	Imperial valley			1415	Division into Nidwalden and Obwalden 1173: To Counts of Habsburg 1291: Nidwalden became a founding member of the Swiss League 1324: Immediate Imperial fief (Reichsunmittelbar) 1350's: Division into Obwalden and Nidwalden 1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Upper Salm	1163: County			1170: Partitioned from Salm	1499: Raised to Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm 1574: Divided into Salm-Salm and Salm-Grumbach
Upper Bavaria (German: Oberbayern)	Duchy
Upper Schönburg	County	Upp Sax		1569: Partitioned from Schönburg	1800: Partitioned into Schönburg-Hartenstein and Schönburg-Waldenburg
Urach	County
Uri	Imperial valley			1231: Split off from Habsburg	1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Ursberg Ursperg	1143: HRE Abbey	Swab			1803; Secularized
Utrecht	Bishopric	Burg	EC	1024	1512: Burgundian Circle 1528: Secularized to Austria 1793: Council of Princes
Uznach	County

V

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Vaduz	County				1510: Last Baron of Brandis sold Vaduz and Schellenberg to the Counts of Sulz 1708 joined with county of Schellenberg; capital of the still independent principality of Liechtenstein Sold to Liechtenstein
Varel	Lordship
Veldenz	County
Velen Vehlen					Acquired Bretzenheim
Verden	Bishopric	Low Rhen	EC		1648: Secularized as a principality to Hanover
Verden	Principality	Low Rhen	EC	1648: Secularized from Bp. of Verden	Held by Sweden 1719: Passed to Hanover
Verden	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH		1648: Annexed to Pr. of Verden
Verdun	300's: Bishopric	Upp Rhen		countship 997-c.1044	1558: Annexed to France 1648: Formally ceded to France
Verdun	Imperial City	Upp Rhen			1552: Annexed to France
Vianden	Countyship			11th Century	1414: Passed to Sponheim
Virneburg	HRE County	Low Rhen			1543: Line of Virneburg counts died out; inherited by Counts of Manderscheid 1593: Inherited by Lowenstein through female inheritance Seized by Baron Johann of Recker during Thirty Years' War 1648: Restored to Lowenstein-Wertheim 1794: French invasion
Vogtland	Margraviate	Upp Sax		1546	Annexed to Saxony in 1563

W

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes Waltershofen, Röthsee, Prassberg & Leypolz''

Waadt	Lordship
Wädenswil	Lordship
Wain	Lordship
Waldbott von Bassenheim	County	Upp Rhen	WF
Waldburg HRE Prince of Waldburg at Wolfegg & Waldsee	1628: HRE County	Swab	SW	12th Century	1183: 1st line of Counts of Waldburg died out 1424: Partitioned into Waldburg-Sonnenberg, Waldburg-Trauchburg and Waldburg-Wolfegg-Zeil
Waldburg-Capustigal	1686: HRE County			1504: Partitioned from Waldburg-Trauchburg	1745: Annexed to Prussia
Waldburg-Friedburg-Scheer				1612: Partitioned from Waldburg-Trauchburg	1717: Annexed to Waldburg-Trauchburg
Waldburg-Scheer				1717: Partitioned from Waldburg-Trauchburg	1764: Annexed to Waldburg-Trauchburg
Waldburg-Sonnenberg				1424: Partitioned from Waldburg	1511: Annexed to Austria
Waldburg-Trauchburg				1424: Partitioned from Waldburg	1504: Division into Waldburg-Trauchburg and Waldburg-Capustigal 1612: Division into Waldburg-Trauchburg and Waldburg-Friedburg-Scheer 1717: Division into Waldburg-Trauchburg and Waldburg-Scheer 1772: Annexed to Waldburg-Zeil
Waldburg-Waldburg	1589: County			1589: Partitioned from Waldburg-Wolfegg-Zeil	1600: Divided between Waldburg-Wolfegg and Waldburg-Zeil
Waldburg-Waldsee	1667: County 1803: Principality			1667: Partitioned from Waldburg-Wolfegg
Waldburg-Wolfegg ''HRE Count of Wolfegg, Baron of* Waldburg, Lord zu Waldsee, Zeil, Wurzach & Marstetten, Kisslegg,	1589: County			1589: Partitioned from Waldburg-Wolfegg-Zeil	1667: Partitioned into Waldburg-Wolfegg and Waldburg-Waldsee 1798: Annexed to Waldburg-Waldsee
Waldburg-Wolfegg-Waldsee	1803: HRE Prince
Waldburg-Wolfegg-Zeil	1424: County			1424: Partitioned from Waldburg	1589: Partitioned into Waldburg-Waldburg, Waldburg-Wolfegg and Waldburg-Zeil
Waldburg-Wurzach	1674: HRE County 1803: HRE Principality			1674: Partitioned from Waldburg-Zeil
Waldburg-Zeil	1589: County 1803: HRE Principality			1589: Partitioned from Waldburg-Wolfegg-Zeil	1674: Partitioned into itself and Waldburg-Wurzach
Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg	1803: HRE Principality
Waldeck Prince of Waldeck & Pyrmont, Count of Rappolstein, Lord of Hohenack & Geroldseck am Wasgau	1180: County 1349: Imperial County 1682: HRE Prince 1712: Imperial Principality	Upp Rhen		1137	Underwent several partitions Partitioned into Waldeck-Eisenberg and Waldeck-Wildungen 1625: Waldeck acquired Principality of Pyrmont by succession
Waldeck-Eisenberg	Principality				1674/1686: HRE Council of Princes (extinct 1714)
Waldeck-Pyrmont	County 1712: Principality			1706	1807: Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont became autonomous 1868: Became part of Prussia but remained de facto autonomous until 1918
Waldsassen	HRE Abbey
Walkenried	Abbacy	Upp Sax
Wallhausen	Lordship
Wallis Valais	Prince-Bishopric of Wallis and Futuna				999: Bequeathed by King of Burgundy to Bishops of Sion 1798: French occupation 1802: Independent state 1810: French occupation Joined Swiss Confederation
Wallmoden					Acquired Neustadt and Gimborn
Wangen im Allgäu	Imperial City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized to Württemberg
Warburg	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH		Held by Bp. of Paderborn
Warmia Archbishopric of Warmia	1243: Bishopric 1356: HRE Prince-Bishopric				1772: To Prussia
Wartau	Lordship
Wartenberg HRE Count of Wartenberg-Roth	1699: HRE County	Upp Rhen			1806: Annexed to Westphalia 1814: Annexed to Prussia
Wasserburg	HRE Lordship
Weil der Stadt	Imperial Free City	Swab	SW	c1250	1803: Mediatized to Württtemberg
Weimar	County			8th or 9th Century	1100: Annexed to Orlamünde-Weimar 1365: Annexed to Meissen
Weingarten Prince-Abbot of Weingarten	1053: Abbey 1268: HRE Prince-Abbot 1274: HRE Abbey	Swab		1274	1268: Prince-Abbots under Austrian protection 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularized to Nassau-Orange 1806: To Wurttemberg Area: 306 sq. km.
Weinsberg	Lordship				c1000: Weinsberg castle founded as an Imperial fortress c1200: Weinsberg town proper founded 1241: 1st mention of Weinsberg c1283: Weinsberg chartered as a town. 1/2 of town had status of an Imperial city, the other was in the possession of the Lords of Weinsberg residing in the castle. 1417: Weinsberg lost its partial status of an Imperial city Weinsberg joined the Weinsberg Union of 33 Imperial cities 1430: Emperor Sigismund confirmed status of Weinsberg as an undivided Imperial city 1440: Annexed to the Palatinate<1450>Weinsberg castle bought by the Palatinate Duke Ulrich of Wurttemberg conquered Weinsberg and confirmed by the Treaty of Urach in 1512 1520-1534: To Austria To Trauttmandsdorff
Weißenau Weissenau	1750: HRE Abbey	Swab		1089	1793: Council of Princes 1802: Secularized 1806: To Wurttemberg
Weißenberg Weissenberg	Abbacy
Weißenburg Wissembourg Weissenburg	Abbacy Prince-Abbacy				1793: Council of Princes
Weißenburg im Bayern Weissenburg in Bavaria	Imperial City	Franc	SW	c1350	1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Weißenburg im Nordgau Weissenburg in Nordgau	Imperial Free City				1500: Franconian Circle
Weissenau					1793: Council of Princes
Weißenstein Weissenstein	County			1540: Partitioned from Kronburg	1604: Annexed to Schwabeck
Welzheim	Lordship	Franc			1500: Franconian Circle Acquired by Counts of Gravenitz
Werden Essen-Werden					1793: Council of Princes
Werden-Helmstädt	809: Abbecy 877: HRE Prince-Abbot				809: Werden founded 827: Helmstadt founded 1803: Secularised to Prussia 1806: Annexed to Berg 1808: Annexed to Westphalia 1814: Restored to Prussia
Werdenberg	1230: County			1230: Partitioned from Montfort	1260: Division into Werdenberg and Sargans 1308: Division into Werdenberg-Heiligenberg and Werdenberg-Werdenberg<1416>Vaduz line of Counts of Werdenberg died out; Vaduz passed to the Barons of Brandis
Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	1308: HRE County			1308: Partitioned from Werdenberg	1370: Division into Werdenberg-Heiligenberg, Werdenberg-Pludenz, Werdenberg-Rheineck, and Werdenberg-Wartau 1413: Annexed to Austria
Werdenberg-Pludenz	1370: County			1370: Partitioned from Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	1384: Annexed to Austria
Werdenberg-Rheineck	1370: County			1370: Partitioned from Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	1389: Extinct
Werdenberg-Wartau	1370: County			1370: Partitioned from Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	1428: Extinct
Werdenberg-Werdenberg	1308: County			1308: Partitioned from Werdenberg	1330: Annexed to Werdenberg-Heiligenberg
Werdenfels	Countship
Werle	c1235: Principality			c1235	1414: Annexed to Werle-Gustrow
Werle-Goldberg	1316: Principality			1316: Partitioned from Werle-Gustrow	1408: Annexed to Werle
Werle-Güstrow	Principality			1200's	1316: Division into Werle-Gustrow and Werle-Goldberg 1337: Division into Werle-Gustrow and Werle-Waren 1436: Annexed to Mecklenburg
Werle-Waren	1337: Principality			1337: Partitioned from Werle-Gustrow	1436: Annexed to Mecklenburg
Wernigerode	County	Upp Sax		1103 1807-1813: To Kingdom of Westphalia	1429: Counts of Wernigerode became extinct; their lands inherited by Stolberg
Wertheim	County	Franc		1097	1407: Partitioned into Wertheim-Breuberg and Wertheim-Wertheim 1500: Franconian Circle 1600: Annexed to Stolberg
Wertheim-Breuberg	1407: County			1407: Partitioned from Wertheim	1482: Division into Wertheim-Breuberg and Wertheim-Freudenberg 1574: Division into Wertheim-Breuberg and Lowenstein-Wertheim 1600: Annexed to Stolberg
Wertheim-Freudenberg	1482: County			1482: Partitioned from Wertheim-Breuberg	1509: Annexed to Wertheim-Breuberg
Wertheim-Wertheim	1407: County			1407: Partitioned from Wertheim	1494: Annexed to Wertheim-Breuberg
Wesel	Imperial City	Low Rhen	RH		1609: Annexed to Cleves
Westphalia	Duchy				1180-1803: To Archdiocese of Cologne and had its own consitution and its own diet 1803: To Hesse-Darmstadt
Westerburg	HRE County			1227	1209: 1st mention of Westerburg To Lords of Runkel by marriage 1597: Passed to Leiningen 1806: To Grand Duchy of Berg
Westerburg	Lordship
Wettenhausen	HRE Abbacy	Swab			1793: Council of Princes
Wetzlar	Imperial City	Upp Rhen	RH	1180	1803: Mediatized to Nassau-Orange
Wiblingen	Abbacy
Wickrath Wykradt	1488: HRE Lordship 1752: HRE County of Quadt-Wykradt	Low Rhen		1068: 1st mention of Lords of Wickrath Castle	Ruled by Lords of Broichhausen 1310: Became a fief of Guelders 1488: Imperial Estate for the Knights of Hompesch 1502: To Lords of Quadt; renamed Quadt-Wickrath 1752: Imperial Estate with a vote in the Bench of Counts of Westphalia 1794: French occupation 1803-1806: Counts of Quadt acquired City of Isny as compensation for loss of territories 1815: To Prussia
Wied Count of Wied, Isenburg & Kriechingen, Lord of Runkel, Kriching-Püttlingen and Rollingen	1093: County of Wied	Low Rhen		c. 860	1229: 1st mention of the Castle of (Alt-) Wied 1243-1462: Part of Nieder-Isenburg 1244: 1st Line of Counts of Wied became extinct 1462: To Lords of Runkel 1806: To Nassau 1815: To Prussia Partitioned several times
Wied-Neuwied Count of Wied & Isenburg, Lord of Runkel	1093: County of Wied 1784: Principality of Wied-Neuwied
Wied-Runkel Count of Wied, Isenburg & Kriechingen, Lord of Runkel, Kriching-Püttlingen and Rollingen	County
Wiesensteig	Lordship	Swab
Wiesentfels	1487: Lordship			1333, as property of Giech	1412: Annexed to B. of Bamberg 1680: Reannexed to Giech
Wiesentheid	HRE Lordship				1500: Franconian Circle
Wild	Wildgraviate			1086, evolved from the Nahegau	Partitioned several times See Wild-Rhine, where they were coalesced
Wild-Rhine	Wild- and Rhinegraviate			1361, as Wild-Rhine-Dhaun from a union of Wild-Dhaun and Rhine	1499: Annexed to Salm-Dhaun
Wildenburg	Lordship
Wildenstein	Lordship			1495: Partitioned from Zimmern	1554: Annexed to Mötzkirch
Wimpfen	Imperial City	Swab	SW		1803: Mediatized
Windisch-Grätz	County (personalist)	n/a	FR	1628	1802: Partitioned into Windisch-Grätz-Eglofs and Windisch-Grätz-Winteritz
Windisch-Grätz-Eglofs	County (personalist)	n/a	FR	1802: Partitioned from Windisch-Grätz	1804: Purchased Eglofs from Abensberg-Traun (Swabian Bench)
Windisch-Grätz-Winteritz	County	n/a	n/a	1802: Partitioned from Windisch-Grätz
Windsheim	Imperial City	Franc	SW	1284	1500: Franconian Circle 1803: Mediatized to Bavaria
Winneburg	1616: HRE Lordship 1652: Imperial County (for Metternich House)	Low Rhen			1637: To Trier 1652: To Prince Metternich
Weißenburg Wissembourg Weissenburg	Imperial Free City	Upp Rhen			1648: Annexed to France
Wittgenstein	1174: County of Witgenstein 1792: Imperial Principality				1357: The main line of the Counts of Wittgenstein became extinct. The biggest portion of the County passed to the Counts of Sponheim who started calling themselves Counts of Sayn and Wittgenstein 1603: Partition into Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein 1808: Mediatised to the Grand Duchy of Berg 1815: To Prussia
Wohlau	Principality
Wolfegg	Lordship 1628: HRE County				To Waldburg
Wolfstein	Lordship			1217	Partitioned several times 1383: Annexed to Allersberg
Worms	Bishopric	Upp Rhen	EC	861	1793: Council of Princes 1803: Annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt
Worms	Imperial City	Upp Rhen	RH	1074	Annexed to France in 1789
Wurmbrand-Stuppach HRE Count of Wurmbrand-Stuppach, Baron of Steyersberg, Reittenau	1607: HRE Barony 1701: HRE County			1701	1726: Imperial Estate
Württemberg Wurttemberg Wirtemberg King of Württemberg; Sovereign Duke in Swabia, of Teck; Duke of Hohenlohe; Landgrave of Tübingen; Prince of Mergentheim, Ellwangen, Zweifalten, Overlord of the Principalities of Buchau, Waldburg, Baldern, Ochsenhausen, Neresheim; Count of Gröningen, Limpurg, Montfort, Tettnang, Hohenberg, Biberach, Schecklingen, Egloffs; Overlord of the Lordships of Aulendorf, Scheer-Friedberg, Roth, Baindt, Isny; Lord of Altdorf, Leutkirch, Heidenheim, Justingen, Krailsheim, the Danubian cities, of Ulm, Rothweil, Heilbronn, Hall, Wiesensteig, etc	c1083: Lordship 1135: County 1495: Duchy 1495: HRE Prince 1803: Electorate 1806: Kingdom	Swab	PR	1089	1441: Partitioned into Württemberg-Stuttgart and Württemberg-Urach 1496:Reunited 1519 - 1534: Annexed to Austria 1617: Partitioned into Württemberg-Brenz-Weiltingen, Württemberg-Mömpelgard, Württemberg-Neuenburg, Württemberg-Neustadt and Württemberg-Stuttgart 1792: Reunited
Württemberg-Bernstadt	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1664: Partitioned from Württemberg-Öls	1697: Annexed to Württemberg-Öls
Württemberg-Brenz-Weiltingen	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1617: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1635: Partitioned into Württemberg-Öls and Württemberg-Weiltingen
Württemberg-Juliusburg	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1669: Partitioned from Württemberg-Öls	1694: Annexed to Württemberg-Öls
Württemberg-Mömpelgard	Duchy	n/a	PR	1617: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1684 - 1697: Conquered by France 1723: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Neuenburg	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1617: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1641: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Neuenburg	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1649: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1671: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Neustadt	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1617: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1641: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Neustadt	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1649: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1742: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Öls	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1635: Partitioned from Württemberg-Brenz-Weiltingen	1664: Partitioned into itself and Württemberg-Bernstadt 1669: Partitioned into itself and Württemberg-Juliusburg 1745: Renamed to Württemberg-Öls-Bernstadt
Württemberg-Öls-Bernstadt	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1735: Renamed from Württemberg-Öls	1792: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Stuttgart	County, Duchy after 1495	Swab	PR	1441: Partitioned from Württemberg	1496: United with Württemberg-Urach to form Württemberg
Württemberg-Stuttgart	Duchy	Swab	PR	1617: Partitioned from Württemberg	1649: Partitioned into itself, Württemberg-Neuenburg and Württemberg-Neustadt 1674: Partitioned into itself and Württemberg-Winnental 1792: Renamed to Württemberg
Württemberg-Urach	County, Duchy after 1495	n/a	n/a	1441: Partitioned from Württemberg	1496: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Wurttemberg-Weiltingen Duke of Württemberg & Teck, in Silesia, Öls, Bernstadt, Count of Mömpelgard, Lord of Heidenheim, Sternberg, Medzibor	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1635: Partitioned from Württemberg-Brenz-Weiltingen	1735: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Württemberg-Winnental	Duchy	n/a	n/a	1674: Partitioned from Württemberg-Stuttgart	1733: Annexed to Württemberg-Stuttgart
Würzburg (Wurzburg)	Bishopric Prince-Bishopric Grand Duchy	Franc	EC	1168	1441: Prince-Bishops styled as Duke of Franconia 1500: Franconian Circle 1793: Council of Princes 1802: Annexed to Bavaria 1803: Secularized to Bavaria

Z

Name Type Circle Bench Formed Notes

Zähringen Zahringen	Duchy			1097	c1078: Berthold II constructed Zahringen castle c1100: Berthold II assumed the style of "Duke of Zahringen" 1218: Revoked
Zeeland	County	Burg			1512: Burgundian Circle
Zeil	Lordship 1628: HRE County				To waldburg
Zeitz-Naumburg See Naumburg-Zeitz
Zell am Harmersbach	Imperial City	Swab	SW		Mediatized in 1803
Ziegenhain	County
Zimmern	Lordship 1538: HRE County				1594: Male line extinct
Zollern	County			c1052	1309: Amalgamated as Hohenzollern
Zollern and Hohenberg	County			1125	1253: Amalgamated as Hohenberg
Zug	Imperial valley			1415: Split off from Habsburg	1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Zürich Zurich	1218: Imperial Free City			1218	c670: 1st mention of Zurich 929: Status of city To Abbey of Fraunmuster 1218: Imperial immediacy 1351: Joined Swiss Confederation 1440: Expelled from Confederation due to a war with other members 1450: Zurich re-admitted 1648: Left H R Empire as member of Swiss Confederation
Zutphen	County	Burg			1512: Burgundian Circle
Zweibrucken	1182: County				1366: Pawned to Elector Palatine Ruprecht II 1385: Count Eberhard sold 1/2 of Zweibrucken to Count Palatine of the Rhine and retained 1/2 1393: Walramide counts died out Louis (d.1489) founded line of Dukes of Zweibrucken 1731: Simmern-Veldenz line of Zweibrucken died out; Zweibrucken passed to Birkenfeld branch 1799: Inherited by Bavaria 1801: Ceded to France 1814: To Bavaria, Oldenburg and Prussia
Zwiefalten	RA	Swab			1793: Council of Princes

Grouped lists

---

The following lists are going to be included into the table above.

Ecclesiastical orders

• The Teutonic Order
  1529: College of Princes
  1793: Council of Princes
• The Order of St. John
  1793: Council of Princes

Livonian territories

• Livonian Order (secularized 16th century, to Poland)
• Archbishopric of Riga in Livonia (secularized in 16th century, to Poland)
• Bishopric of Dorpat (conquered by Russia in 1558)
• Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek (sold 1560 to Denmark)
• Bishopric of Courland (sold 1560 to Denmark)

Territories of Old Princely Families

• Holstein-Gottorp
  • Holstein-Gottorp-Oldenburg
• Holstein-Glückstadt

Italian territories

• Mantua
• Milan
• Modena and Reggio
  Duke of Modena, Reggio, Mirandola, Massa, Carrara and Guastalla, etc
  1452: Duchy of Modena and Reggio
  1796-1814: French occupation

Territories of New Princely Families

• Thurn und Taxis, held Friedberg-Scheer (1754)

See also

---

• Holy Roman Empire
• Imperial State
• Imperial Circle Estates
• List of Reichstag participants (1792)
• Reichstag (institution)
• Prince-elector
• Prince of the church, mainly Prince-Bishop

References

---

In English

• The Arenberg Archives and Cultural Centre. "The Dukes of Arenberg". ^*. Retrieved June 26, 2006.
• Austrian Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture. "aeiou: The Annotable, Elektronic, Interactive, Osterreich (Austria), Universal Information System". ^*. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
• "Austrian and German Mediatized Houses, 1871-1919". ^*. Retrieved July 4, 2006.
• "Braunschweig - Brunswick. A history". ^*. Retrieved July 6, 2006.
• Cahoon, Benjamin M. (2000-2006). "Europe Index" in WorldStatesmen.org. ^*. June 26, 2006.
• Cawley, Charles (2006). "Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families" in Foundation of Medieval Genealogy. ^*. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
• Dotor, Santiago (2004). "Historical Flags (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)" in FOTW: Flags of the World Web Site. ^*. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
• "Freiburg's History for Pedestrians" (2006). ^*. Retrieved June 26, 2006.
• Graz, Thomas. "Thomas's Glassware Tour to Central Europe: Old Glasses from Old Europe" in German History Ring. ^*. Retrieved June 20, 2006.
• Hilkens, Bob (2000). "States and Regents of the World: An Alphabetical Listing of States and Territories and their Regents in the 19th and 20th Centuries". ^*. Retrieved June 27, 2006.
• "History of the House of Sayn". ^*. Retrieved July 13, 2006.
• Kessler Associates (1999-2006). "Kingdoms of Europe". ^*. Retrieved July 9, 2006.
• "Lippe(-Detmold): Chronology of Lippe" in Genealogy.net. ^*. Retrieved June 25, 2006.
• Martinsson, Örjan. "Historical Atlas: Europe". ^*. Retrieved July 14, 2006.

• "Medieval German Counties". ^*. Retrieved July 9, 2006.
• "Milestones in Pomeranian History, with particular attention to Lauenburg and Buetow". ^*. Retrieved June 26, 2006.
• Pantel, Mike (2000). "The History of Baden-Wurttemberg". ^*. Retrieved June 25, 2006.
• Principality of Liechtenstein. "Liechtenstein at a Glance: History". ^*. Retrieved June 25, 2006.
• Reitwiesner, William Addams (1998). "One of the major questions about the Mediatized Houses is the word 'Mediatized'. What does it mean?". ^*. Retrieved July 1, 2006.
• Rozn, Val (1999-2003). "The German Reigning Houses: Titles, territories, regnal chronologies". ^*. Retrieved June 9, 2006.
• Rozn, Val (2002). "The Imperial Nobility and the Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire". ^*. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
• Rozn, Val (2002). "The Last Years of the Ancient Empire". ^*. Retrieved June 24, 2006
• Sainty, Guy Stair. "European Royal Houses". ^*. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
• Sainty, Guy Stair. "The Knights of Saint John in Germany". ^*. Retrieved July 1, 2006.
• "Schaumburg-Lippe" in Genealogy.net. ^*. Retrieved June 25, 2006.
• "Sovereigns in Germany". ^*. Retrieved June 22, 2006.
• Velde, Francois (2005). "The Holy Roman Empire". ^*. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
• Velde, Francois (2005). "Unequal and Morganatic Marriages in German Law" ^*. Retrieved Jue 26, 2006.
• Voss, Hans Peter. "History of Schleswig Holstein". ^*. Retrieved July 3, 2006.

In Other Languages

• Bursik, Heinrich (1998). "Die Herrschaft Hohenberg und die Markgrafschaft Burgau". For Google-translated English version [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.tatort-tarot.de/spip/article.php3%3Fid_article%3D263&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dgrafen%2Bvon%2Btoggenburg%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN. Retrieved July 9, 2006.
• "Das Fürstenhaus Bentheim-Tecklenburg". For Google-translated English version, see [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.fuerstenhaus-bentheim.de/platter/platter.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dgrafschaft%2Bvon%2Bbentheim-alpen%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
• Höckmann, Thomas (2006). "Territorial arrangement of North Rhine-Westphalia 1789". (Translation from the original in German through Google Search). ^*. (Excellent articles and links about the States of the Holy Roman Empire). Retrieved June 26, 2006.
• "Mittelalterliche Genealogie im Deutschen Reich bis zum Ende der Staufer". ^*. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
• Ortwein, Friedrich J. "Die Herren zu Rappoltstein" (The Lords of Rappoltstein)". (For English translation: [http://64.233.179.104/translate_c?hl=en&u=http://www.die-herren-zu-rappoltstein.de/index.html&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dgrafen%2Bvon%2Brappoltstein%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D). Retrieved June 25, 2006.
• "Die Reichsstände". ^*. Retrieved July 8, 2006.
• Wember, Heinz. "Die Genealogie (Genealogy) von Montfort: Bludenz, Bregenz, Feldkirch, Heiligenberg, Herrenberg, Langenargen, Pfullendorf, Rheinegg, Rothenfels, Sargans, Tettnang, Tosters, Tübingen, Vaduz, Wasserburg, Werdenberg, Zollern". ^*. Retrieved June 23, 2006.
• List of imperial circles of 1532
• List of states of the Holy Roman Empire of 1521

Maps and Illustrations

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• Höckmann, Thomas (2006). "Historical maps - Germany at the end of the 18th century". ^*. Retrieved June 26, 2006.
• Westermann, Großer Atlass zu Weltgeschichte (in German; exquisite detailed maps)

Other Sources

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• Carantha: History of Slovenia-Carantania
• The Catholic Encyclopedia
• Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
• Genealogie delle Dinastie Nobili Italiane (On ruling families and polities in present-day Republic of Italy)
• Heraldica
• HIS DATA: Historische Herrscher der Territorien (Adel) (German)
• HIS DATA: Historical Rulers of the Territories (Aristocracy) (English translation)
• Internet Medieval Sourcebook
• Regional Research in German-speaking Countries
• Regnal Chronologies
• World Statesmen

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