Comet Encke (officially designated 2P/Encke) is a periodic comet, named after Johann Franz Encke, who through laborious study of its orbit and many calculations was able to link multiple observations in 1786 (2P/1786 B1), 1795 (2P/1795 V1), 1805 (2P/1805 U1) and 1818 (2P/1818 W1) to the same object. In 1819 he published his conclusions in the journal Correspondance astronomique, and predicted correctly its return in 1822 (2P/1822 L1).

As its official designation implies, Encke's Comet was the second periodic comet discovered after Halley's Comet (aka 1P/Halley). It is unusual in that it was named after the person who calculated its orbit rather than the person who discovered it (Pierre Méchain).

Comet Encke is believed to be the originator of the Taurid meteor shower (Whipple, 1940; Klačka, 1999). Some consider the Bronze Age breakup of the originally larger comet to be responsible for ancient destruction in the Fertile Crescent, perhaps evidenced by a large meteor crater in Iraq. The origin of the swastika has also been connected with Comet Encke.

The failed CONTOUR mission was launched to study this comet, as well as Schwassmann-Wachmann 3.

Comet core parameters

Diameter: 1–3 km

Discovery

See biography of Johann Franz Encke.

References

• Klačka, Jozef (1999). "Meteor Streams of Comet Encke. Taurid Meteor Complex". Abstract
• Whipple, F.L. (1940). "Photographic meteor studies. III. The Taurid shower."

External links

• Gary W. Kronk's Cometography page for 2P
• Comets and the Bronze Age Collapse

Comets

Cometa Encke | Enckescher Komet | Cometa Encke | Comète de Encke | Komeet Encke | エンケ彗星 | Kometa Enckego | Encke | Enckeho kométa | Encke | 恩克彗星