Cattaraugus Reservation is an Indian reservation of the Seneca Indian Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy located in New York. As of the 2000 census, the Indian reservation had a total population of 2,412. It is divided among three counties for census purposes:

• Cattaraugus Reservation, Cattaraugus County
• Cattaraugus Reservation, Chautauqua County
• Cattaraugus Reservation, Erie County

The reservation stretches from Lake Erie inward along Cattaraugus Creek, along either side of NY State Route 438. There is a small cluster of Seneca-owned businesses along U.S. Highway 20 and New York State Highway 5 where they cross through the reservation, including a Bingo Hall with a Poker Room and various video slot machines. Interstate 90 crosses through the reservation with the closest exit being in Silver Creek, New York.

The reservation is mostly rural, with one-family homes along Route 438 interspersed with businesses such as tobacco shops. The reservation is divided into several communities such as Newtown, Bucktown, Pinewoods, Eleven Acres, Ozarks and Indian Hill. At the center of the reservation along Route 438 are the Seneca Nation government offices, Head Start/Daycare Center, Community buildings and the volunteer fire department.

American Indian reservations | Seneca tribe