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Carnuntum (Kapvoiis in Ptolemy) was an important Roman fortress, originally belonging to Noricum province, but after the 1st century to Pannonia.
History
It was a Celtic town, the name, which is nearly always found with "K" on monuments, being derived from Kar, Karn ("rock," "cairn"). Its name first occurs in history during the reign of Augustus (6), when Tiberius made it his base of operations in the campaigns against Maroboduus (Marbod). Significant Romanization occurred when the town was selected as the garrison of the Legio XV Apollinaris. A few years later it became the centre of the Roman fortifications along the Danube from Vindobona (Vienna) to Brigetio (Ó-Szőny), and (under Trajan or Hadrian) the permanent quarters of Legio XIV Gemina.
It was also a very old mart for the amber brought to Italy from the north. It was created a municipium by Hadrian (Aelium Carnuntum). Marcus Aurelius resided there for three years (172-175) during the war against the Marcomanni, and wrote part of his Meditations. Septimius Severus, at the time governor of Pannonia, was proclaimed emperor there by the soldiers (193).
In the 4th century it was destroyed by the Germans, and, although partly restored by Valentinian I, it never regained its former importance, and Vindobona became the chief military centre. It was finally destroyed by the Hungarians in the middle ages.
Archaeology
The ruins of ancient Carnuntum are located in Lower Austria, extending over the area of today's villages Petronell-Carnuntum and Bad Deutsch-Altenburg. They are presented to the public in Archaeological Park Carnuntum.
Miscellaneous
The historical fiction/time travel novel Household Gods is set in 2nd Century Carnuntum during the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
References
See also
Roman towns and cities in Austria | Roman legions' camps in Central Europe
"Carnuntum"