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- This article describes Allied operations in Norway during World War II. The main article on action in Norway during World War II is located at Norwegian Campaign.
The Allied campaign in Norway during World War II took place from April 1940 until early June 1940. Allied operations were focused in two areas, in northern Norway around Narvik and in central Norway.
The British campaign was coincidentally commenced simultaneously with Nazi Germany's invasion of Denmark and Norway in Operation Weserübung of April 9.
Operations in Central Norway
In central Norway, the campaign was centered on Åndalsnes and Namsos (see Namsos campaign). British bases were established at those two ports very soon after the German invasion. However, in the face of German air superiority, it proved impossible to maintain forces there. After penetrating into the valley of Gudbrandsdal, British forces were withdrawn from central Norway in early May.
Operations in Narvik
The focus of the campaign then shifted northwards. Around Narvik, greater success was gained by British forces in cooperation with Polish, French and Norwegian troops. In the First and Second Battle of Narvik British naval forces had devastated German naval power in the area, and land forces later captured Narvik itself. Also, unlike central Norway, land-based airpower was established at a reasonable level, and the Luftwaffe did not have undisputed control of the air.
However, eventually, German success in the Low Countries and France with the invasion commenced on May 10 meant that larger concerns overtook the British and French governments, and German forces pressing up towards Narvik by land from central Norway began to threaten the Allied position at Narvik. Allied troops were evacuated from Narvik in Operation Alphabet by June 8, 1940.
Outcome of the Allied Campaign
The fiasco of the British campaign - with its missed opportunities and squandered victories - might reasonably be said to be the responsibility of Winston Churchill, the British First Lord of the Admiralty. But, in fact, the 'Norway Debate' in the British House of Commons, which saw large numbers of Conservative Party MPs refuse to back the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, led directly to Chamberlain's resignation and Churchill's appointment as Prime Minister on the afternoon of May 10.
See also
External links
- The Campaign in Norway by T. K. Derry, British official history of the campaign
- The Allied Navies in Norway
- Royal Navy in WWII (with good maps)
- Halford Mackinder's Necessary War An essay describing political aspects of the Allied campaign in Norway
"Allied campaign in Norway"