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Bresse is an area of France, in the eastern part of the country, and a former province. It is located in the Rhône-Alpes région between Bourgogne and Jura. The geographical term Bresse has two meanings: Bresse bourguignone (or louhannaise), which is situated in the east of the département of Saône-et-Loire, and Bresse, which is located in the département of Ain. The corresponding adjective is bressan, and the inhabitants are Bressans.
History
In 1272 the house of Savoy gained control of Bresse. It was not till the first half of the 15th century that the province, with Bourg as its capital, was founded as such. In 1601 it was ceded to France by the Treaty of Lyons, after which it formed (together with the province of Bugey) first a separate government and later part of the government of Burgundy.
This was a favorable period, especially during the 15th century. At first, Bâgé was the principal city of the province. But its location, close to the borders of France, encouraged the emergence of Bourg-en-Bresse, which became the capital. The province was coveted by the King of France, who wanted to increase his territory. The flat nature of Bresse was difficult to defend. Finally the sovereigns of Savoy agreed to relocate to the Alpine part of the Duchy and to give up Bresse and Bugey in exchange for Château-Dauphin in Piedmont.
Agriculture and economy
Bresse is noted for the 1,200,000 chickens per year which are raised primarily outdoors by 330 stockbreeders, with a minimum of 10 square meters per bird. They are sold at an average of 10 euros per kilo.
The cheese, Bleu de Bresse originates here.
Demographics
Towns in Bresse
Bressan Culture
Sociological outline
A chiefly rural region, Bresse was historically organized around an agricultural economy. The countryside is bocage (woodlands), resulting in independent individuals within the community, organized around the parish and the commune. Social structures, then, are defined by a mixture of conservatism, attachment to ancestral values, and direct democratic participation in community life.
Bressan Folklore
The traditional festival costumes of Bresse are preserved by historical societies. They include, for the women, a wide hat, in the shape of plate, topped by a black cone. For men, they comprise a blue tunic, a long bonnet, long trousers and shoes.
Conscripts
The "conscripts' festival" (la fête des conscrits) is a ceremony for young people, 20 years of age. It has its roots in the period of "conscription" founded by General Jourdan in 1798, who required that every man between 20 and 25 years could be called to national service. The people organized festivals before their departure. The ceremonies survive to the present, and are appreciated by the population, seeing them as a way of maintaining social bonds. These festivals generally take place between January and March. The people gather in a large banquet during which traditional "rigodon" music is played by two musicians, on clarinet and drum. The banquet is entirely organized by 20 year old people, who make it a point of honor to personally invite each guest to visit their home. They are then given rosettes, in distinctive designs corresponding to their age.It should be noted that the conscripts' festivals coincide with patron saints' days. Those are the occasions of the vogue, a weekend festival.
Dialect
Bressan, a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language was the principal language of informal communication in the Bressan countryside until the 1970s. (See the article on Franco-Provençal for several examples.)Tourism
- The church of Brou
- Sarrasine chimneys
- Bressan farms
References
- This article is based on Bresse.
"Bresse"