There were two Boer Wars:

• the First Boer War (1880–1881)
• the Second Boer War (1899–1902).

Both were between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics, the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic), founded by settlers known as Voortrekkers who made the Great Trek from the Cape Colony and were primarily of Dutch, French and German origin. These settlers were often called Boers and were mainly the descendants of generations of white semi-nomadic pastoralists who were living in the eastern Cape frontier.

The war often called simply the "Boer War" is the Second Boer War.

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