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Paul William "Bear" Bryant (September 11, 1913 – January 26, 1983) was an American college football coach. Best known as the longtime head coach of the University of Alabama football team, he achieved much status in the sport, winning the national championship six times, and setting the record as the all-time (up to that time) most successful coach in NCAA Division I college football, with a record of 323-85-17.

Biography

Paul Bryant was born in Moro Bottom, Arkansas on September 11, 1913. He was the 11th of 12 children born to William Monroe and Ida Kilgore Bryant. Although male-dominated families were the norm of the era, Ida Bryant was the leading figure of the Bryant family. While Paul was still a young child, his father became an invalid who was able to do only small amounts of work. In hindsight, his problems may have resulted from mental conditions, but the Bryant family did not believe in receiving medical care, a view that resulted from Ida's deeply held religious convictions. In 1927, he successfully wrestled a muzzled bear for a theater promotion, after which he was given the nickname "Bear." The nickname remained with Bryant for the rest of his life, nevertheless he was not fond of the nickname and acquaintances would never refer to him as such in his presence.

Playing Career

Growing up, Bryant never played football, although he followed it occasionally. One day, the head coach of the Fordyce High School football team, noticing Bryant's impressive size and stature, asked Bryant if he would like to play football. Bryant replied "yes", except he did not know how to play football. The Fordyce coach replied by pointing down the practice field to the punt returner, and said, "You see that boy who just caught the ball? You go down there and try to take his head off." The rest is history. With Bryant playing defensive end and offensive tackle, the Fordyce High School Red Bugs of Fordyce, Arkansas won the 1930 Arkansas high school football state championship. Famed Alabama coach Hank Crisp came to Fordyce to try to gain the commitment of two other players, and while he was there the Fordyce coach mentioned to Crisp how Bryant was so tough and punishing as a football player. Crisp offered Bryant a scholarship, having never seen him play. Unfortunately for Bryant, he was not academically eligible due to the fact that he did not complete his course work at Fordyce, but was allowed by NCAA rules of the day to complete that course work at Tuscaloosa High School, all the while having his expenses paid for by the University.

Playing for the Crimson Tide, Bryant started at right side offensive end (with the legendary Don Hutson on the left), and Alabama won the 1935 Rose Bowl over Stanford, going 10-0-0 and winning the 1934 national championship. He graduated from Alabama in 1936. The team's combined record during Bryant's college playing years was 23-3-2. After turning down offers to play professional football (which paid very little at the time), Bryant began searching for a job as a coach.

Coaching career

Assistant & North Carolina Pre-Flight

After graduating in 1936, Bryant took a coaching job at Union College in Tennessee, but left that position when offered an assistant coaching position at Alabama. Over the next four years, the team compiled a 29-5-3 record. In 1940 he left to become an assistant at Vanderbilt University. The next winter he was to have become the head coach at the University of Arkansas, but the bombing of Pearl Harbor changed his plans. As he was driving to Arkansas to sign the contract to become head coach, Bryant heard on the radio of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, turned his car around, drove home, and enlisted in the United States Navy. He served in North Africa before being granted an honorable discharge to train recruits and coach the football team at North Carolina Pre-Flight. While in the Navy, he attained the rank of Lieutenant Commander.

University of Maryland

In 1945 Bryant was named head coach at the University of Maryland. He stayed for only one season, and left after a dispute with the University President in which Bryant kicked the son of a wealthy booster off of the football team for violating team rules. Many students organized demonstrations for several days in an attempt to convince Bryant to stay, but eventually on the third day of the demonstrations Bryant came out and spoke before the crowd, telling them that he was leaving and that there was nothing they could do to change that fact. Moving on from Maryland, Bryant took over the head coaching position at the University of Kentucky.

University of Kentucky

Bryant coached at Kentucky for eight seasons which included Kentucky's first bowl appearance (1947) and their first Southeastern Conference title (1950). The 1950 Kentucky team is considered to be the national champions by at least one ranking system, the Sagarin ratings; that team defeated Bud Wilkinson's #1 ranked Oklahoma Sooners in the Sugar Bowl but the AP polls then came out before the bowl games. Bryant led Kentucky to appearances in the Great Lakes Bowl, Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl and Cotton Bowl. Kentucky's final AP poll rankings under Bryant included #11 in 1949, #7 in 1950 (before defeating #1 Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl), #15 in 1951, #20 in 1952 and #16 in 1953. The 1950 season was Kentucky's highest rank until it finished #6 in the final 1977 AP poll. Star players under Bryant at Kentucky included George Blanda who went to a record-setting NFL career; Jerry Claiborne who went on to a Hall of Fame coaching career; All American Bob Gain who won the 1950 Outland Trophy; Wallace Jones who was All-SEC in football and All-American in basketball; Charlie McClendon who went on to be the successful head coach at Louisiana State University from 1962 to 1979; Babe Parilli who finished fourth and third for the Heisman Trophy during his first-team All American junior and senior seasons before a solid pro career; Howard Schnellenberger an All American at UK who went on to a long career as a coach, winning a national championship at the University of Miami.

Bryant left Kentucky after the end of the 1953 season. One story goes that Bryant left when Kentucky basketball coach Adolph Rupp was presented a Cadillac at a University banquet to honor another good season, while Bryant was given a cigarette lighter at the same banquet. While the event in question is true, Bryant did not leave because of this particular snub. Bryant decided to leave Kentucky when the University granted Rupp a long contract extension after Kentucky was given serious NCAA sanctions as a result of a points-shaving scandal by the men's basketball program. Bryant felt the scandal would hurt his football program, so he submitted his resignation. However, it took intervention on behalf of the governor, with whom Bryant was friends, for his contract to be voided and for him to be free to search for a new job. By the time Bryant was finally out of Kentucky, all of the great coaching jobs that he was offered in the previous years were now closed (at places such as Alabama, USC, and Arkansas).

Texas A&M University

In 1954 Bryant, in need of a job, was forced to take the head coaching job at Texas A&M University, a military school that only accepted males at the time, and a school whose football team had been at the very bottom of the Southwest Conference for over a decade. Not since Homer Norton had led the team to a national championship and an undefeated season in 1939 had the Aggies made any noise on the national scene.

Junction

Upon his arrival to A&M, Bryant inherited the players recruited by his predecessor Raymond George. During his tenure, George was known for taking it easy on the players and also for offering football scholarships to nearly anyone with A&M ties who wanted to play for the Aggies. As a result, Bryant felt that the roster was inflated with people without the will and/or the talent necessary to win. In an attempt to weed out the lesser players, Bryant took his team to drought-stricken Junction, Texas and conducted Fall practice in the 100°F heat. The conditions at the camp were simply brutal. Practices were conducted in full pads for three times per day on a rocky, dirt field with no shade. Many players would suffer heat-related injuries, but fortunately no one died, something that seems a wonder with the rash of heat-related deaths that would strike collegiate athletics half a century later. Players were forced to sleep in old Army barracks made of metal with no fans or air conditioning of any sort, thus turning them into massive ovens. Players were allowed to quit the team and leave at any point they wished, Bryant even gave bus tickets and provided transportation to the bus station for those who wanted out. However, the overwhelming majority of players who quit at Junction did so by fleeing in the middle of the night. No one knows exactly how many people made the initial trip to junction (but it was over 100 and they went in two buses), but only 35 survived (and the returned in one bus). Twenty-five years later in 1979, the so-called Junction Boys held a reunion in Junction, Texas, which had by this point recovered from the drought and looked far different than it had a quarter-century earlier. All Junction survivors were invited and most attended, although some refused to attend in protest of the treatment they were subjected to in the pre-season camp. The event itself was held one afternoon not long after Bryant clinched his fifth national championship at The University of Alabama. At the reunion, Bryant officially apologized for forcing the players to endure Junction, asked for their forgiveness, and admitted that he himself most likely would not have been able to survive the brutal camp. The Junction Boys at the event held no hard feelings, and many felt thankful that Bryant put them through Junction because they felt it helped them prepare for later hardships in life. To thank Coach Bryant, the Junction Boys presented him with a ring. It was the only piece of jewelry that Bryant was wearing when he died.

Football After Junction

The 35 players who made it through the training camp subsequently suffered through a grueling 1-9 season, with the lone win coming only when Bryant recognized during a film session that the Georgia quarterback always tipped off the direction of the play by the positioning of his feet under center. Only two years later, though, Bryant led the "Junction Boys" to the championship of the Southwest Conference with a 34-21 victory over the University of Texas in Austin. The following year, 1957, Bryant's star back John David Crow won the Heisman Trophy (the only Bryant player to ever earn that award), and the Aggies were in title contention until they lost to Texas in the last game of the season, amid rumors that Alabama would be going after Bryant. After the 1957 season, having compiled an overall 25-14-2 record at Texas A&M, Bryant returned to Tuscaloosa to take the head coaching position at Alabama. When asked why he left Texas A&M, Bryant replied, "Mama called, and when Mama calls, you just have to come running."

University of Alabama

Bryant arrived in Tuscaloosa as head coach in 1958. The turnaround at Alabama was almost immediate. After winning a combined four games the previous three years, in Bryant's first season the Tide went 5-4-1. The next year, in 1959, Alabama beat Auburn and appeared in a bowl game, the first time either had happened in the previous six years. It was two years later, however, in 1961, that Alabama regained dominance and Bryant first ascended to the throne of college football. The 1961 team went 11-0 and defeated Arkansas in the Sugar Bowl to claim the national championship; the defense allowed a mere 25 points all season, pitched six shutouts, five of them coming consecutively. No defense since has fared better on paper than the 1961 Crimson Tide defense led by Lee Roy Jordan. The next two years, 1962 and 1963, were also successful with victories in the Orange Bowl and the Sugar Bowl, respectively. In 1964, the Tide won another national championship, and repeated yet again in 1965. Coming off of back-to-back national championship seasons, Bryant's Alabama team went undefeated in 1966 and annihilated Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, yet Alabama finished third in the nation behind Michigan State and Notre Dame, both of which had one tie, and neither of which chose to play in a bowl game that season.

1967, however would mark the beginning of a downturn for Bryant and his beloved Tide. The 1967 team was billed as another national championship contender with star quarterback Kenny Stabler returning, but the team stumbled out of the gate and tied Florida State 37-37 in Legion Field. The season never took off from there, with the Bryant-led Alabama team finishing 8-3-1. In 1968, Bryant again could not match his previous successes, as the team went 8-3. It was in 1969 and 1970, however, that Bryant reached the trough of his coaching career, going 6-5 and 6-5-1 respectively. Bryant was essentially in a funk. Previously in his coaching career, he had recruited smaller players who could play both sides of the ball and on nearly every down and used their speed to beat opposing teams, but by the late 1960s college football had reverted back to its two-platoon system, and thus specialty players who played one specific position began to dominate the game. Furthermore, the lack of black players hurt Bryant even more, and admittedly Bryant stopped focusing as much on the defensive aspect of the game. It was during this time that a frustrated Bryant agreed to coach Miami Dolphins, only to later renege on the commitment, unable to face the Alabama nation that adored him so.

In 1971, however, Bryant re-invented himself, Alabama, and the game when he installed the wishbone offense. The offense had been invented by Emory Bellard, and Darrell Royal had won national championships with it at Texas in 1969 and 1970. Bryant saw the wishbone first hand in the 1970 Bluebonnet Bowl against Oklahoma, and on the plane ride home he became fascinated with the new formation. That summer, he arranged for visits with friend and colleague Darrell Royal, who showed Bryant the ins and outs of the wishbone. He kept the new offense secret until he finally unveiled it against USC in the first game of the 1971 season, as the Tide defeated the stunned Trojans 17-10. Fortunately for Bryant and the Crimson Tide, this was only a sign of things to come. From 1971 to 1979, the Tide won the SEC 8 times, defeated Auburn 8 times, defeated Tennessee 9 consecutive times, and won 3 national championships.

He coached at Alabama for 25 seasons, winning six national titles (1961, 1964, 1965, 1973, 1978, and 1979). His standing in the state of Alabama was unmatched by any other figure.. In the 1968 Democratic National Convention, Bryant received one and a half surprise votes to be the Democratic candidate for President of the United States. His win over in-state rival Auburn University in November 1981 was Bryant's 315th, earning him the record for victories over Amos Alonzo Stagg. When Bryant retired after the 1982 season, his record at Alabama totaled 232-46-9.

In his career Bryant participated in a total of 31 post-season bowl games including 24 consecutively at Alabama. He had 15 bowl wins, including eight Sugar Bowls, was a 10-time Southeastern Conference Coach of the Year and a four-time National Coach of the Year. Even today many fans still speak of him in the present tense, and his legacy casts a long shadow over every subsequent head coach at Alabama.

Integration

Bryant presided over a turbulent time in the history of the university, in particular with racial relations in Alabama in the 1960s. He and basketball coach C. M. Newton are credited with bringing the school's sports programs into the modern era. In 1970, Bryant's team lost to an exceptional University of Southern California team 42-21, thanks in no small part to USC's star running back, Sam "Bam" Cunningham, who was a young African-American from Santa Barbara, California. Bryant is said to have invited Cunningham to stand before the Alabama team in their locker room after the game, and telling his all-white squad that Cunningham was the standard for what a football player should be like. This rumor has been debunked by several members of Bryant's inner circle in later years.

Bryant was then said to have gone to Alabama governor Albert Brewer personally as the university's athletic director to request a change in policy with regard to the granting of athletic scholarships to blacks. Many believe that it was Bryant's intention when scheduling the game with USC; he personally flew to Los Angeles to meet with USC head coach John McKay and offer the university $250,000 to come to Birmingham to play the Tide.

The first African-American player to sign with Alabama was Wilbur Jackson. The first African-American to actually appear in a game, however, was junior-college transfer defensive lineman John Mitchell, who made his debut when Alabama opened the 1971 season against USC in Los Angeles.

By 1973, the year that Mitchell was hired as the Tide's defensive line coach, thus becoming the first African-American on the Alabama coaching staff, nearly a third of the starters for the Crimson Tide were African Americans, most notably All-American linebacker Woodrow Lowe. Lowe, who went on to an 11-year NFL career with the San Diego Chargers, was the first of many African-Americans to play for Bryant and go on to stardom in the NFL, as future Pro Football Hall of Fame members Ozzie Newsome (tight end, Cleveland Browns) and Dwight Stephenson (center, Miami Dolphins) would also make their way to Tuscaloosa. In Bryant's final three seasons as Alabama coach, the Tide's starting quarterback was also an African-American, Walter Lewis. Many like to quip that these chain of events had done more for integration in the South in just a few short years than the American Civil Rights Movement of the previous decade had accomplished.

It should also be noted that Bryant attempted to integrate his football team while he was at The University of Kentucky. However, he was denied time and time again by the University administration, and Kentucky would not field its first black football player until years after Bryant left Lexington.

Libel case

In March 1963, The Saturday Evening Post ran a story alleging that Bryant had been overheard conspiring with University of Georgia athletic director Wally Butts to fix their 1962 game, which Alabama won 35-0 on the arm of breakout sophomore Joe Namath. The story went that a man in a hotel room picked up his phone to place a call, and was instantly put on the line with Bryant and Butts, at which point he began taking notes on what was said between the two. Butts and Bryant sued the Post for libel and won punitive damages of over $3,000,000, (later reduced to $460,000). The case hastened the demise of the weekly Post as a weekly general-interest magazine, and also did enough damage to Butts' reputation to force his resignation as Georgia's athletic director. Reasons as to why the weekly Post ran the story are uncertain, but the general consensus is that it was done to spark interest in a publication that had been facing declining readership for years.

Retirement

Bryant announced his retirement as head football coach at Alabama effective with the end of the 1982 season. His last game was a 21-15 victory in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis, Tennessee over the University of Illinois. He had intended to stay on with the University as athletic director, but died on January 26, 1983 after checking into a hospital in Tuscaloosa with chest pains. His death came less than a month after his last game as a coach.

Legacy

Upon his death, Bryant was given the funeral of a hero. The funeral procession itself went roughly 50 miles from Tuscaloosa to Birmingham on I-20/59, the roads were emptied, and literally hundreds of thousands turned out to pay their final respects to Bryant. Much like major events such as the assassinations of Presidents Kennedy and Lincoln, an enormous number of people in Alabama can still remember precisely where they were and what they were doing when they heard that Bryant had died. Bryant is buried in Birmingham in Elmwood Cemetery; a crimson line is painted on the road from the entrance of the cemetery that leads directly to his gravesite. To this day, fans still travel to his grave to pay their respects or leave flowers and other Alabama-related material. In February, 1983 President Ronald Reagan awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Alabama's Bryant-Denny Stadium, as well as a high school and a major street in Tuscaloosa, are named for him. There is also a museum dedicated to him on Alabama's campus. A national "College Football Coach of the Year" award is named for him and he was honored with a U.S. postage stamp in 1996. After his death in 1983, the Associated Press named its college football national championship trophy after Bryant. At Legion Field, the site of countless Bryant triumphs, there stands a statue in his honor. Furthermore, after the upgrades are made to Bryant-Denny Stadium sometime in 2006, there will be a statue honoring Bryant placed outside the north endzone of the stadium.

Bryant is fondly remembered, even revered, in Alabama for his reputation as a wise, tough, dedicated leader with an indisputable record of success. His trademark houndstooth hat is an instantly-recognizable icon and his deep, gravelly voice continues to reverberate in local folklore: "If you believe in yourself, have dedication and pride, and never quit, you'll be a winner. The price of victory is high but so are the rewards."

Gary Busey portrayed Bryant in a 1984 biographical film, "The Bear". Sonny Shroyer appears briefly as Bryant in Forrest Gump. Tom Berenger played Bryant in the 2003 movie The Junction Boys depicting Bryant's first season as head coach at Texas A&M.

Bear Bryant's son, Paul, Jr. is a 1966 graduate and current trustee of the University of Alabama, and also a successful Alabama businessman.

Professional influence

Many prominent coaches played or worked as assistant coaches under Bryant. The following is an incomplete list:

References

External links

College Football Hall of Fame | Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches | Texas A&M Aggies football coaches | Vanderbilt Commodores football coaches | Kentucky Wildcats football coaches | Maryland Terrapins football coaches | American football tight ends | Alabama Crimson Tide football players | American basketball coaches | Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients | University of Alabama alumni | People from Arkansas | 1913 births | 1983 deaths

 

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "Bear Bryant".

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