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At the Battle of Muret on September 12, 1213 the Crusading army of Simon IV de Montfort defeated the Aragonese and Catalan forces of Peter II of Aragon.
Background
Simon IV de Montfort was the leader of the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy. He invaded Toulouse and exiled its count, Raymond VI. Count Raymond sought assistance from his brother-in-law, King Peter II of Aragon (and count of Barcelona), who felt threatened by Montfort's conquests in Languedoc. He decided to cross the Pyrenees and deal with Montfort at Muret.
On September 10, Peter's army arrived at Muret, and was joined by a Toulousain militia. His ally and brother-in-law, Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, advised against a pitched battle and proposed a siege to starve out the Crusaders. Peter rejected this suggestion as unknightly and dishonorable. Instead he chose to position his army so their right flank was protected by the Saudrune River, and the left protected by a marsh. He left the Toulousain militia to assault the walls of the city.
The battle
Simon de Montfort led an army of 800 French Crusaders, along with a small contingent of knights brought by his ally, the viscount of Corbeil. King Peter of Aragon had brought 800 to 1,000 Aragonese cavalry, joined by a militia from Toulouse and armies brought by the counts of Comminges and Foix.
Montfort divided his army into three squadrons, and then led them across the Garonne to meet the Aragonese forces. King Peter rode to the front line, forsaking his royal armor for the plain armor of a common soldier. His army was disorderly and confused. When Montfort's first squadron charged the field, the Aragonese cavalry was crushed and Peter himself was unhorsed. He cried out, "I am the king!" but was killed regardless. With the realization that their king had been killed, the Aragonese forces broke in panic and fled, pursued by Montfort's Crusaders.
Sources
- Sumption, Jonathan. The Albigensian Crusade, 2000
"Battle of Muret"