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Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.; occasionally B.Ph. or Ph.B.) is the title of an academic degree. Despite its name, in many universities – for example, the University of Oxford – it is a graduate degree.
University of Oxford
The B.Phil.'s earliest form is as a University of Oxford graduate degree. Originally, Oxford named its pre-doctoral graduate degrees the Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) (a two-year degree, partly taught and partly by research) and the Bachelor of Letters (B.Litt.) (a two-year research degree). After complaints, especially from overseas students, that this naming convention often meant that graduate degrees were not being recognised as such, the University renamed them Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Master of Letters (M.Litt.). However, the Philosophy Faculty (then a Sub-Faculty) argued that its B.Phil. degree had become so well-known and respected in the philosophical world that it would be confusing to change the name; thus in philosophy, and only in philosophy, the degree continues to be called the B.Phil. (Those who pass the degree are given the choice of taking a B.Phil. or an M.Phil.; few if any choose the latter.)
Today's Oxford B.Phil. course is a two-year programme of three taught courses and a research thesis (max. 30,000 words). The taught courses are all examined by essays chosen from prescribed lists; candidates submit two essays for each course, or six essays in total, in addition to their theses. The B.Phil. is regarded as a very demanding degree, and it is not suitable for those with no academic background in philosophy; the entrance requirements and pass marks are both very high.
The Oxford B.Phil. was designed to be a preparation for teaching philosophy at university level. Today it often also provides a foundation for doctoral (D.Phil. or Ph.D.) work in philosophy.
Other universities
Several universities have adopted the Oxford model of the B.Phil. as a graduate degree, either as originally intended (in a variety of academic subjects) or as it has subsequently developed (in philosophy only); for example, Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
At other universities, the term "Bachelor of Philosophy" refers to an undergraduate bachelor's degree. Frequently the degree is research-based or involves a considerable amount of independent study. For example, at Pennsylvania State University, the highly selective B.Phil. program enables students to plan their own academic programs in conjunction with a faculty preceptor. At Miami University's Western College Program, B.Phil. candidates participate in a residential program, work with faculty to design individualized majors, and produce a senior thesis. At the undergraduate Honours College of the University of Pittsburgh, B.Phil. candidates must pass oral examinations of a senior thesis. At Northwestern University, B.Phil. candidates must complete independent study in their academic major, and also attain proficiency in a complementary foreign language. At the Australian National University, the Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.) is an individually tailored, research-based undergraduate degree in arts, Asian studies, or the sciences.
External links
"Bachelor of Philosophy"