Australian vehicle number plates are issued by the states, territories, and also the Commonwealth government and the armed forces. The plates are associated with a vehicle and generally last for its life, though as they become unreadable (or for other reasons) they may be recalled or replaced with newer ones. For a long period of time from the 1970s to the late 1990s, most Australian plates were of the form aaa-aaa (with the either letters or numbers), typically xxx-nnn (where the x is a letter and the n is a number) as in Victoria, New South Wales, or South Australia. More recently as these series have reached the end of their lives, different states have chosen different continuations, so the shared format appears to have ended. Nevertheless, most plates are the same size for a given vehicle, so there remains a consistency about them.
Plates tend to bear the State or Territory name and a state motto or slogan in the bottom of the plate. Recent issues of plates (since the 1990s) also often use the state's colors and may include some imagery related to the state (such as the state's logo as the dot separating the groups of numbers).
Western Australia was itself deemed too large to fit into the proposed scheme and adhered to one of its own devising; plates in the Ixx-nnn series were to be skipped (as a capital-I was believed to be easily mistaken for a number 1). This allowed the two populous states with greater registrations of vehicles 6 letter-series each (NSW had A-F, Victoria G-H and J-M), and others with 3 letter-series (Queensland O-Q, South Australia R-T, Northern Territory U-W). Tasmania was only given one due to its size, and the ACT two: Y for private registrations and Z for governmental use. Plates were to be uniform in size, with a black background and white lettering: NSW immediately changed this to a yellow background and black lettering, and the ACT to a white background and blue lettering; all other states followed white-on-black otherwise.
However, this system was not as popular as expected: Tasmania and the Northern Territory refused and implemented their own systems immediately. Western Australia soon adopted the scheme, taking charge of the previously NT issued UAA-000 to WZZ-999, (WAG-000 to WAG-999 being reserved for WA Government vehicles) then extending to XZZ-999. Queensland - after initially skipping the O-series (as a capital-O was often confused for a number 0) - were left with too few combinations for a growing number of registrations. Not too long into their initial stamping of Pxx-nnn plates, they switched mid-issue to their own system, starting at 000-AAA (there are still a number of vehicles in Queensland - growing rarer as new cars and new plates replace them - with the old white-on-black issue P-series plates floating around at this current time). All the remaining states and territories stuck to their initial allocations, until the number of registrations became too large for each state and were 'overflowed' into the next series otherwise allocated to another state: NSW overflowed from FZZ-999 to GAA-000 (otherwise issued to Victoria) in 1972, Victoria (having reserved the Mxx-nnn series for State government registrations) overflowed from LZZ-999 to IAA-000 (previously skipped) in 1974, and then from IZZ-999 to AAA-000 (otherwise issued to NSW) in 1977. South Australia did similar, overflowing from SZZ-999 to UAA-000 (having reserved the Txx-nnn series for trailer registrations).
In 1937, letters in numberplates were first introduced, using a AA-000 to ZZ-999 series. This ran until 1951 with the "NSW" insert on the top of the plate.
From 1951, plates were 3 characters and three numbers (as per the Federal scheme): AAA-000 to FZZ-999, issued on a yellow background with black lettering, with "NSW" insert on the top of the plate. From 1968, cancelled numbers in that range were reissued, but this did not last long, so the RTA needed to fill in unissued plates containing I and Q on the 2nd and 3rd letter characters (ie: AIA-123, AMQ-123).
By 1972, NSW had reached the limit imposed by the Federal scheme: a new series started at GAA-000 and ran until ZLF-999 in July 2004. The "NSW" insert was struck from the top of the plate to be replaced by a state-personalised branding (or slogan) during this time.
Reflective black-on-yellow plates began from October 1980 and corresponded with slogan (exception: non-reflective from October 1996 to March 2001).
NSW plates attracted the following slogans, usually located at the bottom of the plate:
By July 2004, combinations of the old 3-letter, 3-number series were practically exhausted. A new series starting at AA-12-AB the old series, continuing the current reflective black-on-yellow plates and New South Wales legend.
Since 1969, personalisation become the option from AA-000 to ZZ-999 (white-on-black) and later, in the mid-1970s, AAA-000 to ZZZ-999 (black-on-yellow) and AA-0000 to ZZ-9999 (white-on-black) were added.
Custom plates were introduced in December 1981 bearing the NSW - The Premier State slogan and were replaced in 1987 by black-on-gold issues with "NSW" on top. Motorists can choose any combined letters and numbers, including solely letters (max 6 characters). Plate customisation has also been added into the coloured and premium range.
From March 1991, Premium plates commenced, starting their series at AAA-12A with black lettering on a reflective white background, in a smaller font than their standard counterparts; the NSW insert runs down the plate on its left-hand side. These plates, while usually not longer in length, were shorter in height and looked slimmer than their black-on-yellow stardard issues. Customisation of these plates commenced in 1994 at AAA-12A, AA-1234, AAA-123 and recently AA-12-ZA.
A new style of plates fitting European dimensions was introduced after 2000 as N XF-90A or N XN-099 (in these examples, the N was part of the plate series but segregated by a space and a different colour-letter colour combination from the rest of the plate). These plates have a compulsory "N" prefix at the first letter. In Sept 2003 coloured plates were launched, available in white-on-red, white-on-blue, white-on-purple and white-on-green (all reflective). In August 2005 the range was extended to metallic silver-on-black, gold-on-black, black-on-silver and black-on-gold.
In July 2004, NSW started issuing general plates in the format 2-letters, 2-digits, 2-letters, starting from AA-00-AB (AA-xx-AA were reserved for promotional use by the RTA).
Initial Victorian plates, issued from 1910 to 1939, were in numerals only, from 300-000 to 990-999. From 1930, "VIC" inserts were added vertically down the left-hand side of the plate. In 1939 Victoria switched to a 2-letter, 3-number scheme (AA-000 to ZZ-987). These also bore "VIC" down the left-hand side.
From 1953, owing to the Federal number plate system, Victorian plates switched to the 3-letter, 3-number standard: GAA-000 to HZZ-999, and JAA-000 to LZZ-999, colored white lettering on a black background, and a "VIC" insert on the top of the plate. As previously mentioned, Victoria skipped the I-series and went straight from HZZ-999 to JAA-000, as a capital-I could be mistaken as a number 1. However, having reached the end of their Federal allotment of letters, Victoria commenced from LZZ-999 to IAA-000 (ensuring the capital-I had noticeable staves to tell them apart from the number 1) in 1974. This was only a temporary measure, naturally, as Victoria faced the same problem having proceeded through the I series three years later; it was decided to restart the plate issues at AAA-000 and redesign the plate for the first time in 27 years at the same time.
In 1977, reflective plates of green-on-white plates were introduced, beginning at AAA-000 and running to FZZ-999. Oddly, in 1994, they then skipped over the interim lettrs to begin again at RAA-000 until RBZ-999. These bore the insert Victoria - Garden state at the bottom of the plate. In 1984(?) for the 150th anniversary of European settlement in Victoria, plates bore the slogan Victoria - 150 Years down the bottom. In 1988 for the Australian Bicentennial, the plates bore the "VIC" insert vertically down the left-hand side and also the slogan Australia - 1788 to 1988 across the bottom.
In late 1994, in an initiative by the then-Premier, Jeff Kennett, reflective blue-on-white plates were introduced, beginning at NAA-000. The diamond-dot in the middle was changed to the state logo of a blue St Edward's Crown over an upside-down blue triangle with the Victorian Southern Cross in white inside. These plates bore the slogan Victoria - On the move across the bottom. In late 1999 when the new Labor Party won government, they phased out the old state logo and motto to prepare for the introduction of a new one. Until these were finalised, plates (in the QAx-nnn and QBx-nnn series at the time) reverted to the old diamond-dot with simply Victoria across the bottom. In late 2000, the dot became the new logo simply of an enlarged blue triangle with the Victorian Southern Cross in it, the top lining up with the top of the plate, and bearing the slogan Victoria - The place to be across the bottom.
For cars with plate spaces designed to hold European-style plates (rather than the taller Australian plates), there are three options. Firstly, shorter 'slimline' plates which bear the "VIC" insert vertically down the left-hand-side and use a noticeably different font; these are usually the same width as Australian plates. Secondly, there are two types of plates (Standard and Mini) designed specifically to look like European number plates, called Euro plates. The standard Euro plates are 520 mm wide and 112 mm high and the mini ones are 372 mm wide and 100 mm high. Euro plates have a blue section to the left containing "VIC" vertically above a Victorian Southern Cross, and in the main section contain a V, a full-colored Victorian coat of arms, and two letters, a space and three numbers. These plates use the Bild:FE-Buchstaben.png.
The last of the Green on White 'Garden State' numberplates FVA-000 to FZZ-999 were manufactued in Queensland for VicRoads due to a manufacturing fault in Victoria. These are distinguishable by the verticle diamond (as opposed to the horizontal diamond plates stamped in Victoria) and different font used to stamp the plates.
| Series | Years | Color scheme | Motto |
|---|---|---|---|
| G–H,J-L,I | 1953–1977 | white-on-black | (none) |
| A | 1979–1981 | green-on-white | Garden State |
| B | 1982–1983 | ||
| C | 1983 | Garden State or 150 Years | |
| D | 1984 | Garden State (1988: Australia 1788-1988) | |
| E | 1989 – Late 1992 | Garden State, some (eg: EYF-nnn) have Drive Safely | |
| F | December 1992 – October 1994 | Garden State | |
| Ra-Rb | November? – December 1994 | ||
| M | 1995–pres., Govt cars only | red-on-white | (of the year) |
| N | January 1995 – December 1996 | blue-on-white | On the move |
| O | 1997 – 1998 | ||
| P | Late 1998 – December 1999 | ||
| Q | January 2000 – 2001 | (none from Qe-Qz) | |
| Rc-Rz | Late 2001 – 2002 | The place to be | |
| S | 2003 – June 2004 | ||
| T | July 2004 – 2006 | ||
| U | 2006– |
Queensland number plates have maroon text on a white background. Maroon is the official state colour of Queensland and is also used by the state's sporting teams. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Queensland number plates had green text on a white background.
From 1955 to 1987, plates were in the format "aaa-nnn" and were painted white on black. prior to that *, the plates were "Q-nnn-nnn". The "Q" area was painted black on a white background, while the numbers were painted white on a black background.
In 1977, reflective plates were introduced, beginning at 000-NAA through to midway through the P-series. In late 1987, Queensland switched to the current format of green on white plates beginning at 000-AAA. The green writing was changed to maroon at 000-GKK. As mentioned above, 2 slogans are currently available in the maroon on reflective white colour scheme;QUEENSLAND-SUNSHINE STATE (with plates 000-GKK to 999-GZZ, 000-HFU to 999-HOY, 000-HQR to 999-HZZ (excluding all HRU series), and 000-IAA to 999-IZZ (excluding all ISA series), and 000-JEA onwards to (beginning of 2006) JGZ series. All others to date have SMART STATE slogans.
Special "blocks" of plates are allocated to different vehicles; Tnn-nnn for Taxi, C-nnnnn for limited use vehicles (mainly roadworks equipment and golf buggies), L-nnnn for limousines and C-de-C-nnn for consular staff vehicles. Motorcycles are issued with one plate, in the xx-nnn format. Queensland motorists have a choice of nearly 100 different types of personalized plates. Many older plates are still seen on Queensland roads.
Since 1995, Premium Numberplates can be purchased which are much more compact in size, in the format xx-nnnx: the letter is usually repeated (eg: AA-nnnx, BB-nnnx, current series CC-nnnx). These seem to follow the New South Wales Premium format, using black lettering on a white background on a noticeably slimmer plate. South Australian Premium numberplates feature black characters on a white background, and the letters "SA" down the side, in the same format as NSW premium numberplates.
Government and police vehicles have blue text on white background, with a Q as the second latter (as in WQL-579), signifing "Queen" or representative of the government.
Interestingly, no general issue SA numberplates (other than Government) are issued with the letter Q anywhere in the combination. The only exception is the series VPQnnn and WSQnnn - both of which were the first set issued by a new manufacturer.
Since 1981, all general issue SA plates bare the slogan "SA - The Festival State", for the Adelaide Festival of Arts. Since 1997, other slogans have been available for an additional fee, including: South Australia - Gateway to the Outback; South Australia - The Defence State; South Australia - The Wine State; South Australia - the Creative State; and South Australia - The Rose State.
It is also possible to obtain a wide variety of personalised numberplates that feature full-colour illustrations and customised logos or slogans. Examples of Custom Plates
For a full gallery of plates visit Transport SA.
There had been a change in the WA licensing system where for a while all number plates in the state reverted to the equivalent of metropolitan plates, and then back to separate districts and plates again.
For rural Western Australia:
Until about 1997/98, the slogan "Tasmania - Holiday Isle" was used. Prior to that, 3 letters 3 munbers Wxx-nnn were used, but this was in the early to late 1950's.
Tasmanian Government numberplates feature a red G followed by 5 numbers in blue eg G12345, and say 'TAS GOVT' at the top of the plate. Older Government plates have a red GV or GT followed by 4 numbers.
Tasmanian Fire Services use plates with letters TFS followed by 3 numbers, TFS-nnn.
Members of the Consular Corps in Tasmania use plates with the letters CC followed by a colour depiction of the flag of the country they represent, followed by two numbers.
Staff of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources enjoy certain diplomatic status and are issued with plates with the letters IC, followed by one or two numbers.
The Governor of Tasmania's official cars are registered and insured, but in keeping with vice-regal tradition, they display the Royal Crown, rather than number plates. If the Governor himself is being conveyed, his personal flag will also be flown on the car.
However, new plates issued to the Army are now in this format: 99-9999, where the first two digits represent the year the vehicle was registered. Eg. 05-1832.
The military district number is also the basis of the Australian Postcode numbering system.
Current Australian Army number plate format is A05.000 with this newer format beginning in 2003.
The Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force also adopting this format with the navy doing so in 1999 and the RAAF in 2004.
NAVY plate - N00.000 RAAF plate - R00.000
Also in existence are Dept of Defence plates prefixed as D00.000,these starting in 2001.
The Commonwealth Government of Australia used the Z prefix for it's government owned vehicles up until 2000 when the Commonwealth Vehicle Regisrty was closed.
These plates were black on white background,marked with "C of A' at the top of the plate - an abbreviation of Commonwealth of Australia and the leading Z being red to further distinguish it from other state plates.
Issuance of Z prefixed plates used for same purposes was passed onto the states after 2000.
e.g. ACT plates started at ZYA.000 VIC plates started at ZED.000 QLD plates started at ZQ.0000 NSW plates started at ZZZ.000 SA plates started at ZSA.000
Each of the states display their state initials as seen above above the numbers instead of the old "C of A" marking.
Intererstingly the Northern Territory still uses the older format and same "C of A" markings at top of the plate. The number plate of the Prime Minister's vehicle is C*1 (i.e. Commonwealth No. 1) with a seven-pointed Federation Star.
The Governor-General's official cars do not carry number plates, but simply depict a representation of the Crown of St Edward.
For official visits to Australia, special plates are often put over the top of normal 'Z' plates, depicting the Australian Coat of Arms and, in red 'Visit to Australia' with a numeral. These are not strictly registration plates, but are useful for police and other officials to identify cars in official motorcades.
License plates | Transport in Australia
In 1988 ACT issued Bi centennial plates.
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"Australian vehicle number plates".
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