Application layer

The application layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the presentation layer.

The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.

Examples

AppleShare, AppleShare
AIM, AOL Instant Messenger Protocol
APPC, Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
BitTorrent
BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol
CFDP, Coherent File Distribution] Protocol
DCAP, Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol
DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS, Domain Name System (Service) Protocol
ENRP, Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol
Finger, User Information Protocol
Freenet
FTAM, File Transfer Access and Management
FTP, File Transfer Protocol
Gopher, Gopher protocol
HTTP, S-HTTP, (Secure) HyperText Transfer Protocol
H.323, Packet-Based Multimedia Communications System
IMAP, IMAP4, Internet Message Access Protocol (version 4)
IRCP, Internet Relay Chat Protocol
iTMS, iTunes Music Store Protocol
LDAP, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LPD, Line Printer Daemon Protocol
MIME (S-MIME), Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions and Secure MIME
Modbus
MSN Messenger Messaging Service
NIS, Network Information Service
NNTP, Network News Transfer Protocol
NTP, Network Time Protocol
PNRP, Peer Name Resolution Protocol
POP, POP3, Post Office Protocol (version 3)
Rlogin, Remote Login in UNIX Systems
RMON, Remote Monitoring MIBs (RMON1 and RMON2)
RTSP, Real Time Streaming Protocol
SAP, Session Announcement Protocol
SDP, Session Description Protocol
SIP, Session Initiation Protocol
SLP, Service Location Protocol
SMB, Server Message Block
SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP, Simple Network Time Protocol
SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol
TCAP, Transaction Capabilities Application Part
TELNET, Terminal Emulation Protocol of TCP/IP
TFTP, Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TSP, Time Stamp Protocol
URL, Uniform Resource Location
VTP, Virtual Terminal Protocol
X.400, Message Handling Service Protocol
X.500, Directory Access Protocol (DAP)
XMPP, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
Whois (and RWhois), Remote Directory Access Protocol

OSI protocols

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Examples